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Home > Statistics & Research > Child Welfare Outcomes 2000 > Missouri

 

Child Welfare Outcomes 2000: Annual Report
Chapter IV - State Data

Context Data | Outcomes Data | State Comment | Federal Comment
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Michigan [ Context Data ]

A. Key Context Statistics

General Population	1998	1999	2000
Total children under 18 years	2,551,615	2,561,139	2,595,767
Race/ethnicity (%)1
Alaska Native/American Indian	0.7	0.6	0.6
Asian/Pacific Islander	1.8	1.9	1.8
Black	17.1	17.2	17.3
Hispanic	3.9	4.1	4.8
White	76.5	76.2	72.4
Two or more races	N/A	N/A	2.8
Other	N/A	N/A	0.2
% Child population in poverty	15.3	14.1	13.6
% Child population living in metropolitan areas	87.2	91.3	83.2

 

Child Welfare	1998	1999	2000
Child maltreatment victims	22,744	24,505	26,680
Children in foster care on 9/30	18,583	20,300	20,034
Children adopted	2,257	2,446	2,803

1) The 2000 Census of the United States includes two new race catagories: (1) Persons of two or more races and (2) Other. Back

 

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS)

	Number			Rate
Maltreatment Information Overview	1998	1999	2000	1998	1998	2000
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment	156,425	166,160	164,369	61.3 per 1,000	64.9 per 1,000	63.3 per 1,000
Child maltreatment victims2	22,744	24,505	26,680	8.9 per 1,000	9.6 per 1,000	10.3 per 1,000
Child fatalities	40	48	-	1.6 per 100,000	1.9 per 100,000	- per 100,000

 

Age of Child Victims (%)	1998	1999	2000
Under 1 year	11.0	11.9	12.4
1-5 years	30.3	28.9	27.9
6-10 years	30.9	31.0	30.6
11-15 years	23.0	23.5	24.0
16+ years	4.8	4.7	5.1
Unknown	-	-	-
Total %	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	22,744	24,505	26,680

 

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)	1998	1999	2000
Alaska Native/American Indian	0.5	0.7	0.6
Asian/Pacific Islander	0.5	0.4	-
Black	39.8	40.7	39.7
Hispanic	2.6	2.4	2.2
White	54.7	55.8	53.7
Two or more races	N/A	N/A	-
Other/Unknown	4.4	2.4	3.8
Total %3	102.6	102.4	100.0
Number	22,744	24,505	26,680

 

Maltreatment Type of Child Victims (%)	1998	1999	2000
Emotional abuse	6.0	6.9	7.3
Medical neglect	2.3	2.3	2.7
Neglect	46.3	70.8	68.7
Physical abuse	19.9	20.9	22.7
Sexual abuse	6.8	6.5	5.9
Other	25.3	-	-
Unknown	-	-	-
Total %4	106.6	107.4	107.3
Number	22,744	24,505	26,680

2) Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once. Back
3) Percentages may total more than 100 percent because Hispanics may be counted both by Hispanic ethnicity and by race. Back
4) Percentages may total more than 100 percent because children could have been victims of more than one type of maltreatment. Back

C. Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Number of Children	In Care on 10/1	Entered Care	Exited Care	In Care on 9/30	Total Served
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98)	13,570	10,220	5,207	18,583	23,790
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99)	16,111	10,929	6,740	20,300	27,040
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00)	17,129	10,707	7,802	20,034	27,836
Median Length of Stay (Months)
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98)	13.3	N/A	12.4	13.5	N/A
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99)	13.6	N/A	13.9	14.4	N/A
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00)	14.5	N/A	15.3	14.7	N/A

 

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)	In Care on 10/1/97	In Care on 10/1/98	In Care on 10/1/99	Entered Care During FY 1998	Entered Care During FY 1999	Entered Care During FY 2000	Exited Care During FY 1998	Exited Care During FY 1999	Exited Care During FY 2000	In Care on 9/30/98	In Care on 9/30/99	In Care on 9/30/00
Under 1 year	4.6	4.7	4.5	13.0	12.8	13.9	2.8	2.6	2.7	5.2	5.3	5.2
1-5 years	27.1	26.6	25.2	26.2	24.6	27.0	24.0	24.2	24.8	28.0	26.6	27.3
6-10 years	22.0	23.5	24.4	22.1	22.5	24.4	20.5	20.6	22.5	23.7	25.0	25.2
11-15 years	24.8	24.7	25.5	27.2	26.9	24.5	19.7	19.4	20.0	23.9	24.7	24.9
16-18 years	19.8	18.8	18.3	10.8	11.3	9.5	26.5	26.7	24.7	17.6	16.9	16.0
19+ years	1.3	1.4	1.5	0.1	0.1	0.1	6.0	4.9	4.1	1.3	1.3	1.3
Unknown	0.3	0.3	0.7	0.6	1.7	0.5	0.3	1.6	1.1	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total %	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	13,570	16,111	17,129	10,220	10,929	10,707	5,207	6,740	7,802	18,583	20,300	20,034

 

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)5

In Care on 10/1/97

In Care on 10/1/98

In Care on 10/1/99

Entered Care During FY 1998

Entered Care During FY 1999

Entered Care During FY 2000

Exited Care During FY 1998

Exited Care During FY 1999

Exited Care During FY 2000

In Care on 9/30/98

In Care on 9/30/99

In Care on 9/30/00

Alaska Native/American Indian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Asian/Pacific Islander

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Black

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hispanic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

White

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Two or more races

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Unknown

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total %

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Number

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

5) In this and subsequent race/ethnicity tables, data for two or more races may be provided for 1998 and 1999 because of States' resubmissions. However, data for 1998 and 1999 may not capture all children of two or more races and therefore may not be comparable to the 2000 data pertaining to two or more races. Back

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D. Children Waiting to Be Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)⁶

 

Overview	9/30/98	9/30/99	9/30/00
Children waiting to be adopted	7,665	8,495	7,745
Children whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR)	4,257	5,166	5,226

 

Age of Waiting Children (%)	1998	1999	2000
Under 1 year	6.7	5.9	5.7
1-5 years	38.9	35.6	33.0
6-10 years	31.5	33.6	31.8
11-15 years	18.7	20.3	23.9
16+ years	3.2	3.4	4.1
Unknown	1.0	1.2	1.5
Total %	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	7,665	8,495	7,745

 

Race/Ethnicity of Waiting Children (%)	1998	1999	2000
Alaska Native/American Indian	-	-	-
Asian/Pacific Islander	-	-	-
Black	-	-	-
Hispanic	-	-	-
White	-	-	-
Two or more races	-	-	-
Unknown	-	-	-
Total %	-	-	-
Number	-	-	-

6) Waiting children are children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents’ rights have been terminated. Children 16 years and older with TPR, but with a goal of emancipation, have been excluded from the waiting children and TPR populations. Back

E. Children Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

 

Age of Adopted Children (%)	1998	1999	2000
Under 1 year	1.3	1.3	1.5
1-5 years	44.9	47.1	43.3
6-10 years	37.8	34.3	36.7
11-15 years	13.8	15.9	15.9
16+ years	2.2	1.6	2.5
Unknown	-	-	-
Total %	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	2,257	2,446	2,803

 

Race/Ethnicity of Adopted Children (%)	1998	1999	2000
Alaska Native/American Indian	1.4	1.0	0.6
Asian/Pacific Islander	0.3	0.1	0.2
Black	53.0	51.5	49.5
Hispanic	3.2	4.3	4.1
White	41.4	42.4	41.1
Two or more races	-	0.0	-
Unknown	0.7	0.7	0.3
Total %	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	2,257	2,446	2,803

 

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Michigan [ Outcomes Data ]

 

1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect
(NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)	1998	1999	2000
Children without a recurrence	96.9	96.6	96.7
Children with one or more recurrences	3.1	3.4	3.3
Total %	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	11,430	11,576	13,482

 

 

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care
(NCANDS, AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database Jan —Sept)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)	1998	1999	2000
Children maltreated while in foster care	-	-	0.3
Children not maltreated while in foster care	-	-	99.7
Total %	-	-	100.0
Number	-	-	26,044

 

 

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

3.1 Exits from Foster Care (%)	1998	1999	2000
Adoption	20.1	19.8	21.8
Guardianship	0.7	1.0	1.2
Reunification	58.0	60.0	56.2
Other	21.0	19.1	20.7
Missing data	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total %	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	5,207	6,740	7,802

 

 

3.2 Exits of Disabled Children (%)	1998	1999	2000
Adoption	-	-	-
Guardianship	-	-	-
Reunification	-	-	-
Other	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-
Total %	-	-	-
Number	-	-	-

 

3.3 Exits of Children Over Age 12 at Entry (%)	1998	1999	2000
Adoption	2.7	1.6	1.4
Guardianship	0.7	0.8	1.1
Reunification	57.9	60.7	53.6
Other	38.4	36.5	43.4
Missing data	0.3	0.3	0.5
Total %	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	2,073	2,606	2,812

 

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)	1998	1999	2000
Children age 12 or younger at entry	24.4	22.8	23.9
Children older than 12 at entry	74.9	76.5	75.5
Missing data	0.7	0.7	0.5
Total %	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	426	587	564

 

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)	Alaska Native/A.I.			Asian/P.I.			Black			Hispanic
	1998	1999	2000	1998	1999	2000	1998	1999	2000	1998	1999	2000
Adoption	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Guardianship	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Reunification	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total %	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Number	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	White			Unable to Determine			Two or More Races			Missing Data
	1998	1999	2000	1998	1999	2000	1998	1999	2000	1998	1999	2000
Adoption	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Guardianship	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Reunification	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Missing data	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total %	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Number	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

 

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4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Re-entry
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

4.1 Time to Reunification (%)	1998	1999	2000
Less than 12 mos.	53.8	58.1	52.9
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	27.7	25.0	28.1
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	8.8	7.7	7.1
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	3.3	2.4	3.0
48 or more mos.	1.7	1.4	2.2
Missing data	4.7	5.3	6.8
Total (%)	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	3,018	4,041	4,383

 

 

4.2 Children Who Entered Foster Care (%)	1998	1999	2000
Children entering care for the first time	89.8	90.3	90.0
Children re-entering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode	4.7	4.9	5.0
Children re-entering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode	5.0	4.4	4.6
Missing data	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total (%)	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	10,220	10,929	10,707

 

 

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)	1998	1999	2000
Less than 12 mos.	48.3	16.7	12.6
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	20.3	24.2	22.4
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	13.3	29.2	31.0
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	9.3	16.4	16.0
48 or more mos.	8.2	13.4	17.8
Missing data	0.7	0.2	0.2
Total (%)	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	1,048	1,333	1,699

 

 

6. Increase Placement Stability
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)	Year	Children With 2 or Fewer Placements	Children With 3 or More Placements	Missing Data	Total %	Number
Less than 12 mos.	1998 1999 2000	85.2 84.9 86.2	14.8 15.1 13.8	- - -	100.0 100.0 100.0	10,985 11,750 11,588
At least 12 mos., but <24 mos.	1998 1999 2000	65.8 66.1 65.8	34.2 33.9 34.2	- - -	100.0 100.0 100.0	5,758 6,824 6,997
At least 24 mos., but <36 mos.	1998 1999 2000	52.8 56.0 59.4	47.2 44.0 40.6	- - -	100.0 100.0 100.0	2,987 3,614 3,863
At least 36 mos., but <48 mos.	1998 1999 2000	44.8 49.0 49.8	55.2 51.0 50.2	- - -	100.0 100.0 100.0	1,539 1,914 2,091
48 or more mos.	1998 1999 2000	33.7 36.8 36.5	66.3 63.2 63.5	- - -	100.0 100.0 100.0	2,214 2,572 2,865
Missing data	1998 1999 2000	93.5 95.6 97.2	6.5 4.4 2.8	- - -	100.0 100.0 100.0	307 366 432

 

 

7. Reduce Placements of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)	1998	1999	2000
Group homes	0.0	0.1	0.0
Institutions	6.2	5.6	5.7
Other settings	93.8	94.3	94.3
Missing data	-	0.0	0.0
Total (%)	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number	6,929	7,339	7,623

 

Michigan [ State Comment ]

Douglas E. Howard
Michigan Family Independence Agency
517-373-2035

Michigan reported 49 child fatalities in the NCANDS (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System) Agency File for 2000. We cannot explain why that data did not appear here since HHS has acknowledged receipt of our report, and has included the information in the CFSR (Child and Family Services Review) data profile.

The difference in the child count between September 30, 1999 and October 1, 1999 may be attributed, at least in part, to which episodes are counted in the AFCARS (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System) data. Our understanding is that many states show this difference and it has not been resolved either at the state or federal level.

Old race data codes could not be reported in the AFCARS format for the period. Beginning in October 2001, Michigan's race coding is AFCARS compliant.

The AFCARS adoption information is accurate. The undercount in foster care exits to adoption is a data definition and data entry problem. Michigan's SACWIS (Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System), implemented statewide in 2001, will resolve the problem with exits after October 1, 2001.

Prior to implementing SACWIS, Michigan could not accurately report exits of disabled children. This problem will be resolved by SACWIS.

Michigan supports development of comparable welfare data among the states, the evolution of measurable outcomes in child welfare, and use of data to improve child welfare outcomes.

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Michigan [ Federal Comment ]

The following discussion focuses on Michigan?s performance with regard to each of the outcomes assessed in the Child Welfare Outcomes Annual Reports to Congress. Information from the State?s Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) Final Report is used to provide a context for interpreting the State?s performance (the Michigan CFSR was conducted in FY 2002). Because data reported in the State Data Pages do not address child well-being issues, the last section of this discussion provides information from the CFSR Final Report relevant to the State?s performance in meeting children?s educational and physical and mental health needs.

Outcome 1. Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect
In calendar year (CY) 2000, Michigan?s rate of maltreatment recurrence within 6 months was 3.3 percent, which is lower than both the national standard of 6.1 percent and the national median of 7.9 percent. Information from the CFSR Final Report suggests that the State?s effectiveness in preventing maltreatment recurrence may be attributed in part to (1) the active prosecution of offenders, particularly in domestic violence cases; (2) the efforts of contracted service providers who provide services to families while children remain in their homes; and (3) the State?s use of a Structured Decision Making Risk Assessment model with all families.

Outcome 2. Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care
In CY 2000, the incidence of maltreatment in foster care was 0.3 percent, which is lower than both the national standard of 0.57 percent and the national median of 0.47 percent. Information from the CFSR Final Report suggests that the low incidence of maltreatment in foster care may be attributed in part to the following: (1) the State?s practice of conducting annual licensing reviews of all child placing agencies and child care institutions, (2) the requirement that child placing agencies must conduct annual reviews of all individual foster homes, and (3) the State?s cap on the ratio of foster care cases at 20 cases per worker to ensure adequate attention to foster care providers as well as children.

Outcome 3. Increase permanency for children in foster care
In fiscal year (FY) 2000, 79.2 percent of children exiting foster care were discharged to permanent homes (which is lower than the national median of 84.7) and 56.1 percent of children exiting foster care who were older than age 12 at entry into foster care were discharged to permanent homes (which is lower than the national median of 72.6). (The State did not provide data pertaining to children with a diagnosed disability.) These findings suggest that the State is not consistently effective in achieving permanency for children, particularly for children who enter foster care when they are older. Information from the CFSR Final Report identifies the following as potential barriers to achieving permanency: (1) a lack of consistent and routine permanency hearings that focus on advancing permanency for children, (2) lack of sufficient attention to meeting the service needs of parents and relatives to promote reunification or permanent placement, and (3) the fact that the State does not have a supported or assisted guardianship program that offers financial assistance (beyond Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) to relatives who wish to assume guardianship of children in their care.

Outcome 4. Reduce time to reunification without increasing re-entry
In FY 2000, the percentage of all reported reunifications occurring within 12 months of children?s entry into foster care was 52.9, which is lower than both the national standard of 76.2 percent and the national median of 68.0 percent. Information from the CFSR Final Report identifies the following as potential barriers to achieving reunifications in a timely manner: (1) inconsistent efforts to provide the services to parents that are necessary to permit reunification, (2) lack of adequate housing in the community, and (3) the fact that parents experience long waiting lists for substance abuse treatment services despite legislation requiring that parents of children in foster care be given priority.

Michigan?s performance with regard to time to reunification must be balanced by the finding that in FY 2000, the percentage of children re-entering foster care within 12 months of discharge from a prior foster care episode was 5.0, which is lower than both the national standard of 8.6 percent and the national median of 10.3 percent. Information from the CFSR Final Report suggests that the State?s effectiveness in preventing re-entries into foster care may be attributed to the caution taken by the courts and by the State child welfare agency in making the decision to return the child home. In addition, when children are returned home, the court and the agency continue to supervise the family to monitor children?s safety.

Outcome 5. Reduce time in foster care to adoption
In FY 2000, the percentage of all finalized adoptions occurring within 24 months of the child?s entry into foster care was 35 percent, which is higher than both the national standard of 32.0 percent and the national median of 19.7 percent. However, the State?s performance with regard to achieving adoptions in a timely manner cannot be assessed because the number of discharges to adoption reported to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) Foster Care Database (1,699) only accounts for 61 percent of the adoptions reported to the AFCARS Adoption Database (2,803). As noted in the State Comment section, the State considers the data reported to the AFCARS Adoption Database as reflecting the correct number of adoptions. Consequently, the percentage of finalized adoptions occurring within 24 months of entry into foster care reported in outcome measure 5.1 cannot be considered accurate.

Outcome 6. Increase placement stability
In FY 2000, the percentage of children who experienced no more than 2 placements during their first 12 months in foster care was 86.2, which is lower than the national standard of 86.7 percent, but greater than the national median of 84.3. According to information provided in the CFSR Final Report, the State believes that problems with placement stability may be attributed to the use of shelter care as an initial placement in some areas of the State and to inadequate support for foster parents to assist them in parenting children with behavioral and/or emotional problems.

Outcome 7. Reduce placements of young children in group homes and institutions
In FY 2000, the percentage of children age 12 or younger placed in a group home or institution was 5.7 percent, which is lower than the national median of 9.0. There is no information in the CFSR Final Report that explains the performance of the State on this outcome measure.

Child well-being outcomes
With respect to child well-being, information in the CSFR Final Report indicates that the State is generally effective in meeting children physical health needs but is less consistently effective in meeting children?s educational and mental health needs. The following were identified in the final report as potential barriers to meeting these needs: (1) a failure in some cases to conduct assessments of children?s educational needs or to link children to services to meet identified needs; (2) a lack of responsiveness of local school systems to agency attempts to advocate for children in foster care; (3) difficulties in accessing mental health services for children, and (4) lack of routine mental health assessments and provision of services to address identified mental health needs.

 

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