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Home > Statistics & Research > Child Welfare Outcomes 2001 > Chapter Four > Indiana

 

Indiana

Context Data | Outcomes Data | Federal Comment

Indiana [ Context Data ]

A. Key Context Statistics

General Population 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total children under 18 years 1,517,366 1,528,991 1,574,396 1,587,570
Race/ethnicity (%)1
 Alaska Native/American Indian 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
 Asian N/A N/A N/A 1.0
 Asian/Pacific Islander 1.0 1.1 0.9 N/A
 Black 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.5
Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A N/A N/A 0.0
 Hispanic 3.4 3.6 4.8 5.0
 White 85.2 84.9 81.6 81.4
 Two or more races N/A N/A 1.9 1.9
 Other N/A N/A 0.3 N/A
% Child population in poverty 13.3 8.5 10.4 11.3
% Child population living in metropolitan areas 54.6 60.1 72.2 59.8
Child Welfare 1998 1999 2000 2001
Child maltreatment victims 18,962 21,608 21,890 21,128
Children in foster care on 9/30 5,070 8,933 7,482 8,383
Children adopted 795 759 1,147 878

1 The 2000 Census of the United States includes two new race categories: (1) Persons of two or more races and (2) Other. Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS)

blank cell Number Rate
Maltreatment Information Overview 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment 102,155 91,625 23,369 53,503 67.3 per 1,000 59.9 per 1,000 14.8 per 1,000 33.9 per 1,000
Child maltreatment victims2 18,962 21,608 21,890 21,126 12.5 per 1,000 14.1 per 1,000 13.9 per 1,000 13.4 per 1,000
Child fatalities 65 41 40 46 4.3 per 100,000 2.7 per 100,000 2.5 per 100,000 2.9 per 100,000
Age of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year 6.2 3.3 8.1 9.0
1-5 years 25.0 27.8 27.3 29.1
6-10 years 27.8 30.4 29.0 28.6
11-15 years 25.4 29.0 27.2 28.0
16+ years 15.6 9.5 4.6 5.1
Unknown — — 3.8 0.1
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 18,962 21,608 21,890 21,128
Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.2
Asian/Pacific Islander 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4
Black 17.1 17.6 17.9 16.4
Hispanic 1.1 1.7 4.2 4.5
White 76.5 71.3 74.6 75.5
Two or more races — — 1.6 2.1
Other/Unknown 6.0 9.4 1.3 0.8
Total %3 101.1 101.7 100.0 100.0
Number 18,962 21,608 21,890 21,128
Maltreatment Type of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Emotional — — — —
Medical neglect 5.6 5.5 3.6 3.2
Neglect 124.3 124.9 66.2 64.9
Physical abuse 32.0 31.1 18.1 18.2
Sexual abuse 26.1 25.6 19.2 20.5
Other — — — —
Unknown — — — —
Total %4 188.0 187.1 107.1 106.8
Number 18,962 21,608 21,890 21,128

2 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once. Back
3 Percentages may total more than 100 percent because Hispanics may be counted both by Hispanic ethnicity and by race. Back
4 Percentages may total more than 100 percent because children could have been victims of more than one type of maltreatment. Back

C. Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Number of Children In Care on 10/1 Entered Care Exited Care In Care on 9/30 Total Served
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98) 8,259 6,328 9,524 5,070 14,587
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99) 8,419 4,808 4,313 8,933 13,227
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00) 7,084 5,576 5,197 7,482 12,660
FY2001 (10/1/00-9/30/01) 7,723 5,399 4,750 8,383 13,122
Median Length of Stay (Months)          
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98) 18.2 N/A 8.8 19.1 N/A
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99) 19.6 N/A 13.2 17.7 N/A
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00) 17.9 N/A 10.2 12.7 N/A
FY2001 (10/1/00-9/30/01) 16.6 N/A 11.2 13.9 N/A
Age of Children in Foster Care (%) In Care on 10/1/97 In Care on 10/1/98 In Care on 10/1/99 In Care on 10/1/00 Entered Care During FY 1998 Entered Care During FY 1999 Entered Care During FY 2000 Entered Care During FY 2001 Exited Care During FY 1998 Exited Care During FY 1999 Exited Care During FY 2000 Exited Care During FY 2001 In Care on 9/30/98 In Care on 9/30/99 In Care on 9/30/00 In Care on 9/30/01
Under 1 year 3.7 4.3 4.3 4.2 11.5 13.7 13.3 14.8 5.2 4.1 5.2 4.7 4.4 4.3 5.0 5.5
1-5 years 24.2 26.0 25.6 26.1 22.9 26.3 26.2 27.8 22.3 27.3 27.5 30.3 26.2 26.0 25.3 25.8
6-10 years 22.7 24.5 24.9 24.5 20.5 23.3 24.6 21.3 20.8 23.0 25.5 23.3 23.2 24.5 23.9 22.4
11-15 years 28.5 29.2 29.4 30.4 33.2 28.2 28.6 27.5 31.3 24.4 25.1 25.3 24.6 29.1 30.2 29.5
16-18 years 17.7 15.1 15.2 14.0 11.5 8.3 7.2 8.4 19.2 18.9 15.4 14.6 14.8 15.1 14.7 15.7
19+ years 1.9 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.0 — — 1.0 2.1 1.3 1.7 3.8 0.9 0.7 0.9
Unknown 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 3.0 0.1 0.1 0.1
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 8,259 8,419 7,084 7,723 6,328 4,808 5,576 5,399 9,524 4,313 5,197 4,750 5,070 8,933 7,482 8,393
Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)5 In Care on 10/1/97 In Care on 10/1/98 In Care on 10/1/99 In Care on 10/1/00 Entered Care During FY 1998 Entered Care During FY 1999 Entered Care During FY 2000 Entered Care During FY 2001 Exited Care During FY 1998 Exited Care During FY 1999 Exited Care During FY 2000 Exited Care During FY 2001 In Care on 9/30/98 In Care on 9/30/99 In Care on 9/30/00 In Care on 9/30/01
Alaska Native/American Indian 0.2 — 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 — 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3
Asian — — 0.1 0.1 — — 0.1 0.3 — — 0.1 0.1 — — 0.1 0.2
Asian/Pacific 0.1 — — — 0.2 — — — 0.2 — — — 0.1 — — —
Black 32.2 1.3 42.9 41.1 27.5 0.8 31.3 30.5 28.1 0.2 33.4 34.5 33.9 1.5 40.7 38.0
Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander — — 0.1 0.0 — — 0.1 0.0 — — 0.1 — — — 0.0 0.0
Hispanic 1.6 98.1 3.8 4.1 2.2 97.5 4.5 5.7 2.2 99.6 4.2 4.8 1.3 97.1 4.0 4.8
White 56.9 0.5 51.6 52.8 58.3 1.5 61.2 59.3 58.6 0.1 60.1 58.4 56.2 1.2 53.0 53.7
Two or more races — — 1.1 1.4 — 0.0 2.2 3.4 — — 1.7 1.7 — 0.0 1.5 2.6
Unknown 8.9 0.1 0.3 0.2 11.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 10.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 8.2 0.2 0.4 0.3
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 8,259 8,419 7,084 7,723 6,328 4,808 5,576 5,399 9,524 4,313 5,197 4,750 5,070 8,933 7,482 8,383

5 In this and subsequent race/ethnicity tables, data for two or more races may be provided for 1998 and 1999 because of States' resubmissions. However, data for 1998 and 1999 may not capture all children of two or more races and therefore may not be comparable to the 2000 data pertaining to two or more races. Back

D. Children Waiting to Be Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)6

Overview 9/30/98 9/30/99 9/30/00 9/30/01
Children waiting to be adopted 443 2,632 1,966 2,392
Children whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR) 124 1,408 1,008 1,128
Age of Waiting Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.6
1-5 years 42.4 31.4 30.1 29.4
6-10 years 31.2 35.0 31.7 31.9
11-15 years 17.6 27.3 31.6 31.8
16+ years 3.6 4.4 4.2 4.8
Unknown 3.2 0.5 0.5 0.5
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 443 2,632 1,966 2,392
Race/Ethnicity of Waiting Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian 0.5 — 0.3 0.1
Asian — — — 0.1
Asian/Pacific Islander — — — —
Black 38.6 0.2 47.8 45.7
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander — — — —
Hispanic 1.8 99.6 3.1 2.8
White 54.6 0.2 47.3 48.7
Two or more races — — 1.4 2.3
Unknown 4.5 — 0.3 0.2
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 443 2,632 1,966 2,392

6 Waiting children are children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parentsÂ’ rights have been terminated. Children 16 years and older with TPR, but with a goal of emancipation, have been excluded from the waiting children and TPR populations. Back

E. Children Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Age of Adopted Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.1
1-5 years 39.1 43.2 38.7 41.1
6-10 years 41.1 35.7 37.9 35.3
11-15 years 16.7 17.5 18.9 19.1
16+ years 2.1 2.6 3.8 3.3
Unknown — — — —
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 795 759 1,147 878
Race/Ethnicity of Adopted Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian — — — 0.3
Asian — — 0.2 —
Asian/Pacific Islander 0.1 — — —
Black 29.4 — 42.8 50.0
Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander — — — —
Hispanic 3.3 99.7 2.4 3.4
White 59.9 0.3 52.9 44.8
Two or more races — — 1.3 1.4
Unknown 7.3 — 0.3 0.1
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 795 759 1,147 878

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Indiana [ Outcomes Data ]

1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect
(NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children without a recurrence — 92.2 91.8 92.9
Children with one or more recurrences — 7.8 8.2 7.1
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 8,791 10,096 10,056

Bar chart describing Percentage of Children With One or More Recurrences of Maltreatment within 6 months data from Table 1.1 above.

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care
(NCANDS, AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database Jan —Sept)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children maltreated while in foster care — 0.42 0.44 0.56
Children not maltreated while in foster care — 99.58 99.56 99.44
Total % — 100.00 100.00 100.00
Number — 12,522 11,468 12,029

Bar chart describing Percentage of Children Maltreated While in Foster Care data from Table 2.1 above.

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

3.1 Exits from Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 17.0 20.8 23.5
Guardianship — 6.2 6.1 5.9
Reunification 0.1 65.5 62.0 59.6
Other — 9.7 7.6 7.2
Missing data 99.9 1.6 3.5 3.8
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 9,524 4,313 5,197 4,750

Pie Charts describing data from Table 3.1 above.

3.2 Exits of Disabled Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 30.7 33.9 39.9
Guardianship — 5.8 4.7 1.8
Reunification 0.5 48.7 45.0 40.5
Other — 11.2 13.7 14.7
Missing data 99.5 3.6 2.6 3.0
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 422 277 380 333
3.3 Exits of Children Over Age 12 at Entry (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 1.0 2.0 1.9
Guardianship — 2.4 3.6 4.7
Reunification 0.1 72.2 70.3 70.3
Other — 21.9 19.6 18.5
Missing data 99.9 2.6 4.4 4.6
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 3,040 1,135 1,243 1,133
3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children age 12 or younger at entry — 39.1 37.4 39.2
Children older than 12 at entry — 60.9 61.9 60.8
Missing data — — 0.7 —
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 340 294 260
3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
blank cell Alaska Native/A.I. Asian Asian/Pacific Islander Black Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — — 27.3 8.3 — — 28.6 — — — — — — — 27.4 34.0 — — — —
Guardianship — — — — — — 14.3 — — — — — — — 7.0 5.6 — — — —
Reunification — — 72.7 83.3 — — 57.1 100.0 — — — — 0.1 80.0 55.1 51.3 — — 50.0 —
Other — — — — — — — — — — — — — 20.0 7.3 6.1 — — 50.0 —
Missing data 100.0 — — 8.3 — — — — 100.0 — — — 99.9 — 3.3 3.1 — — — —
Total % 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 — — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — — 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — 100.0 —
Number 17 — 11 12 — — 7 6 17 — — — 2,678 10 1,736 1,637 — — 4 —
blank cell Hispanic White Unable to Determine Two or More Races Missing Data
1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 17.1 12.3 20.1 — — 17.8 17.8 — — — 12.5 — — 20.0 19.5 — — — —
Guardianship — 6.2 4.1 6.6 — — 5.8 6.1 — — — — — — 3.3 4.9 — — — —
Reunification — 65.4 77.2 64.6 0.1 83.3 64.4 63.6 — 100.0 100.0 87.5 — — 73.3 70.7 — — — —
Other — 9.7 4.6 4.8 — 16.7 8.2 8.2 — — — — — — 1.1 4.9 — — — —
Missing data 100.0 1.6 1.8 3.9 99.9 — 3.8 4.3 100.0 — — — — — 2.2 — 100.0 — — —
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — —
Number 211 4,295 219 229 5,578 6 3,123 2,776 428 2 7 8 — — 90 82 595 — — —

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Re-entry
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

4.1 Time to Reunification (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Less than 12 mos. 40.0 64.0 76.9 75.7
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. — 21.7 15.0 15.1
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. — 6.1 3.3 4.9
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. — 2.9 1.8 2.1
48 or more mos. 40.0 4.6 2.4 1.9
Missing data 20.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 5 2,825 3,224 2,833

Bar chart describing reunification percentages data in Table 4.1 above.

4.2 Children Who Entered Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children entering care for the first time 78.2 78.2 80.0 79.0
Children re-entering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode 12.7 13.8 12.4 12.4
Children re-entering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode 6.3 5.9 6.7 8.0
Missing data 2.8 2.1 0.9 0.6
Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 6,328 4,808 5,576 5,399

Bar chart describing re-entries into Foster Care within 12 months from data in Table 4.2 above.

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Less than 12 mos. — 3.7 3.3 4.6
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. — 19.1 20.2 20.7
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. — 27.2 25.2 32.1
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. — 16.3 15.6 15.9
48 or more mos. — 33.4 35.7 26.7
Missing data — 0.3 — —
Total (%) — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 734 1,080 1,115

Bar Chart describing Percentage of Adoptions Occurring in Less Than 24 or greater than 48 Months of Entry data from Table 5.1 above

6. Increase Placement Stability
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%) Year Children With 2 or Fewer Placements Children With 3 or More Placements Missing Data Total % Number
Less than 12 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 79.5
77.7
86.3
85.9		 20.4
22.0
13.5
14.0		 0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 7,102
5,411
6,438
6,245
At least 12 mos., but <24 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 66.9
59.6
62.6
64.8		 32.0
40.2
37.4
35.2		 1.1
0.1
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 2,396
2,814
2,174
2,606
At least 24 mos., but <36 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 62.4
50.2
48.0
50.4		 36.9
49.6
52.0
49.6		 0.7
0.2
—
0.1		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 1,568
1,465
1,335
1,511
At least 36 mos., but <48 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 61.4
45.1
41.6
42.0		 37.8
54.9
58.4
58.0		 0.8
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 1,027
943
728
860
48 or more mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 57.2
34.7
37.8
33.4		 42.2
65.1
62.2
66.7		 0.6
0.1
1.0
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 2,030
2,550
1,975
1,892
Missing data 1998
1999
2000
2001		 95.7
88.6
90.0
100.0		 3.2
4.5
10.0
—		 1.1
6.8
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 464
44
10
8

Bar chart describing foster care placements over time percentages data from Table 6.1 above.

7. Reduce Placements of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Group homes 1.5 2.2 3.4 1.4
Institutions 9.0 4.9 4.9 5.7
Other settings 66.3 92.0 91.5 92.6
Missing data 23.2 0.9 0.1 0.3
Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 3,925 3,432 3,804 3,875

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Indiana [ Federal Comment ]

The following discussion focuses on Indiana's performance with regard to each of the outcomes assessed in the Child Welfare Outcomes Annual Reports to Congress. The Indiana Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) was completed in fiscal year (FY) 2001, and compliance with the national standards was based on data from 1999. The final report for that review is available from Reports and Results of the Child and Family Service Reviews (CFSRs) . A discussion of the implications of CFSR findings for Indiana's performance on the Report to Congress Outcomes is provided in Child Welfare Outcomes 2000.

The State's performance is assessed by examining the percent change in the data for each outcome measure from 1999 to 2001. The percent change was calculated using data carried out to the second decimal point. However, with the exception of outcome measure 2.1, the data presented in the Report to Congress are rounded to one decimal for ease of reading the tables (measure 2.1 must be presented as two decimals because the national standard is less than one percent).

Outcome 1. Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect
In calendar year (CY) 2001, the rate of maltreatment recurrence in less than 6 months was 7.1 percent, which does not meet the national standard of 6.1 percent or less, but is lower than the national median of 8.0 percent. Performance on this measure improved from 1999 to 2001 (-8.4 percent change).

Outcome 2. Reduce incidence of maltreatment in foster care
In CY 2001, the incidence of maltreatment in foster care was 0.56 percent, which does not meet the national standard of 0.57 percent or less and is higher than the national median of 0.47 percent. Performance on this measure declined from 1999 to 2001 (+31.6 percent change).

Outcome 3. Increase permanency for children in foster care
In FY 2001, 89.0 percent of children leaving foster care were discharged to permanent homes (which is lower than the national median of 85.3 percent); 82.2 percent of children with a diagnosed disability who exited foster care were discharged to permanent homes (which is higher than the national median of 78.4 percent); and 76.9 percent of children exiting foster care who were older than age 12 at the time of entry into foster care were discharged to permanent homes (which is higher than the national median of 72.3 percent). However, 39.2 percent of the children who were emancipated from foster care in FY 2001 were 12 years old or younger at the time they entered foster care, which is greater than the national median of 28.0 percent. There were no substantive changes in performance from FY 1999 to FY 2001 for any of these measures.

Outcome 4. Reduce time to reunification without increasing re-entry
In FY 2001, the percentage of all reunifications occurring within 12 months of a child's entry into foster care was 75.7, which does not meet the national standard of 76.2 percent, but is greater than the national median of 69.2 percent. Performance on this measure improved from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (+18.2 percent change).

Indiana's performance in FY 2001 with regard to the percentage of re-entries into foster care within 12 months of discharge from a prior foster care episode was 12.4. This does not meet the national standard of 8.6 percent or less and is greater than the national median of 10.4 percent. Performance on this measure improved from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (-10.3 percent change).

Outcome 5. Reduce time in foster care to adoption
In FY 2001, the percentage of all adoptions finalized within 24 months of a child's entry into foster care was 25.3, which does not meet the national standard of 32.0 percent or more but exceeds the national median of 21.0 percent. Performance on this measure improved from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (+11.2 percent change).

Outcome 6. Increase placement stability
In FY 2001, the percentage of children who were in foster care for less than 12 months and experienced no more than 2 placements was 85.9, which does not meet the national standard of 86.7 percent or more but exceeds the national median of 83.3 percent. Performance on this measure improved from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (+10.5 percent change).

Outcome 7. Reduce placements of young children in group homes and institutions
In FY 2001, the percentage of children age 12 or younger placed in a group home or institution was 7.1, which is lower than the national median of 8.7 percent. There were no substantive changes in performance on this measure from FY 1999 to FY 2001.

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