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Home > Statistics & Research > Child Welfare Outcomes 2001 > Chapter Four > Nebraska

 

Nebraska

Context Data | Outcomes Data | State Comment | Federal Comment

Nebraska [ Context Data ]

A. Key Context Statistics

General Population 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total children under 18 years 445,642 443,800 450,242 442,774
Race/ethnicity (%)1
   Alaska Native/American Indian 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2
   Asian N/A N/A N/A 1.4
   Asian/Pacific Islander 1.7 1.7 1.3 N/A
   Black 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.5
   Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A N/A N/A 0.1
   Hispanic 6.5 6.9 8.3 8.6
   White 85.6 85.0 81.8 81.3
   Two or more races N/A N/A 2.1 2.0
   Other N/A N/A 0.2 N/A
% Child population in poverty 12.9 11.5 11.4 13.5
% Child population living in metropolitan areas 55.6 53.4 52.7 60.2
Child Welfare 1998 1999 2000 2001
Child maltreatment victims 4,219 3,474 3,612 3,314
Children in foster care on 9/30 — 5,146 5,674 6,254
Children adopted — 279 293 292

1 The 2000 Census of the United States includes two new race catagories: (1) Persons of two or more races and (2) Other. Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS)

blank cell Number Rate
Maltreatment Information Overview 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment 14,641 13,582 9,997 10,707 32.9 per 1,000 30.6 per 1,000 22.2 per 1,000 23.8 per 1,000
Child maltreatment victims2 4,219 3,474 3,612 3,314 9.5 per 1,000 7.8 per 1,000 8.0 per 1,000 7.4 per 1,000
Child fatalities — 1 3 2 —- per 100,000 0.2 per 100,000 0.7 per 100,000 0.4 per 100,000
Age of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year 6.2 8.4 9.5 9.5
1-5 years 33.1 31.3 31.2 31.4
6-10 years 31.1 31.0 30.1 30.1
11-15 years 24.5 22.3 22.6 23.0
16+ years 5.0 4.3 4.6 4.6
Unknown — 2.7 2.1 1.3
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 4,219 3,474 3,612 3,314
Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian — 4.6 6.1 6.1
Asian/Pacific Islander — 0.8 0.6 0.6
Black — 12.4 12.9 12.9
Hispanic — — 6.8 6.8
White — 66.1 66.6 66.6
Two or more races N/A N/A 0.0 0.0
Other/Unknown — 16.1 7.0 7.0
Total %3 — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 3,474 3,701 3,701
Maltreatment Type of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Emotional — 3.9 5.1 6.7
Medical neglect — 0.2 0.1 0.1
Neglect 66.4 64.5 70.8 68.7
Physical abuse 29.2 21.6 23.6 26.1
Sexual abuse 11.4 9.8 10.4 11.5
Other — — — —
Unknown — — — —
Total %4 106.9 100.0 110.0 113.2
Number 4,219 3,474 3,612 3,314

2 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once. Back
3 Percentages may total more than 100 percent because Hispanics may be counted both by Hispanic ethnicity and by race. Back
4 Percentages may total more than 100 percent because children could have been victims of more than one type of maltreatment. Back

C. Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Number of Children In Care on 10/1 Entered Care Exited Care In Care on 9/30 Total Served
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98) — — — — —
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99) 4,440 2,806 2,100 5,146 7,246
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00) 5,054 3,134 2,514 5,674 8,188
FY2001 (10/1/00-9/30/01) 5,540 3,350 2,636 6,254 8,890
Median Length of Stay (Months)          
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98) — N/A — — N/A
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99) 9.2 N/A 11.0 14.8 N/A
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00) 14.6 N/A 14.3 14.4 N/A
FY2001 (10/1/00-9/30/01) 14.3 N/A 14.9 15.0 N/A
Age of Children in Foster Care (%) In Care on 10/1/97 In Care on 10/1/98 In Care on 10/1/99 In Care on 10/1/00 Entered Care During FY 1998 Entered Care During FY 1999 Entered Care During FY 2000 Entered Care During FY 2001 Exited Care During FY 1998 Exited Care During FY 1999 Exited Care During FY 2000 Exited Care During FY 2001 In Care on 9/30/98 In Care on 9/30/99 In Care on 9/30/00 In Care on 9/30/01
Under 1 year — 2.3 2.5 2.7 — 7.6 7.6 7.6 — 2.4 1.8 1.8 — 2.4 2.6 2.4
1-5 years — 20.2 17.5 18.5 — 17.0 19.4 17.9 — 21.6 18.2 18.2 — 16.8 17.8 18.6
6-10 years — 22.8 19.4 18.9 — 16.1 17.1 17.5 — 23.6 19.2 17.1 — 18.7 18.1 18.1
11-15 years — 33.7 34.7 33.1 — 37.3 35.0 35.7 — 22.9 23.6 25.5 — 33.8 31.9 30.5
16-18 years — 20.9 25.9 26.8 — 21.9 21.0 21.4 — 29.5 37.2 37.3 — 28.3 29.6 30.4
19+ years — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unknown — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 4,440 5,054 5,540 — 2,806 3,134 3,350 — 2,100 2,514 2,636 — 5,146 5,674 6,254
Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)5 In Care on 10/1/97 In Care on 10/1/98 In Care on 10/1/99 In Care on 10/1/00 Entered Care During FY 1998 Entered Care During FY 1999 Entered Care During FY 2000 Entered Care During FY 2001 Exited Care During FY 1998 Exited Care During FY 1999 Exited Care During FY 2000 Exited Care During FY 2001 In Care on 9/30/98 In Care on 9/30/99 In Care on 9/30/00 In Care on 9/30/01
Alaska Native/American Indian — 7.5 7.8 8.2 — 8.1 7.1 6.2 — 8.3 7.2 8.8 — 7.5 7.7 6.9
Asian — — 0.3 0.5 — — 0.8 0.5 — — 0.6 0.8 — — 0.4 0.3
Asian/Pacific Islander — 0.2 — — — 0.6 — — — 0.5 — — — 0.3 — —
Black — 16.8 16.5 16.6 — 13.0 14.4 13.7 — 13.2 13.5 12.4 — 16.2 16.6 16.8
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hispanic — 7.2 7.6 7.6 — 9.5 8.6 9.6 — 9.5 8.9 9.3 — 7.5 7.5 8.0
White — 66.3 66.0 65.5 — 67.4 67.8 67.9 — 66.8 67.9 67.2 — 66.7 66.1 66.1
Two or more races — 0.2 0.2 0.1 — 0.1 0.1 0.4 — 0.1 0.1 0.2 — 0.2 0.1 0.1
Unknown — 1.8 1.6 1.3 — 1.3 1.3 1.07 — 1.6 1.8 1.3 — 1.7 1.4 1.6
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 4,400 5,054 5,540 — 2,806 3,134 3,350 — 2,100 2,514 2,636 — 5,146 5,674 6,254

5 In this and subsequent race/ethnicity tables, data for two or more races may be provided for 1998 and 1999 because of States' resubmissions. However, data for 1998 and 1999 may not capture all children of two or more races and therefore may not be comparable to the 2000 data pertaining to two or more races. Back

D. Children Waiting to Be Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)6

Overview 9/30/98 9/30/99 9/30/00 9/30/01
Children waiting to be adopted — 437 488 352
Children whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR) — 231 258 199
Age of Waiting Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year — 3.9 4.1 1.7
1-5 years — 38.9 35.0 33.0
6-10 years — 35.2 36.5 38.6
11-15 years — 19.0 20.5 22.2
16+ years — 2.7 2.3 4.0
Unknown — 0.2 1.6 0.6
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 437 488 352
Race/Ethnicity of Waiting Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian — 5.3 7.8 8.5
Asian — — 0.2 0.3
Asian/Pacific Islander — 0.2 — —
Black — 17.4 19.7 21.6
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander — — — —
Hispanic — 10.8 10.0 9.7
White — 64.1 60.5 58.0
Two or more races — 0.2 0.2 —
Unknown — 2.1 1.6 2.0
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 437 488 352

6 Waiting children are children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parentsÂ’ rights have been terminated. Children 16 years and older with TPR, but with a goal of emancipation, have been excluded from the waiting children and TPR populations. Back

E. Children Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Age of Adopted Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year — 1.1 — 1.4
1-5 years — 43.4 41.7 42.8
6-10 years — 40.9 41.0 33.9
11-15 years — 12.5 16.0 19.2
16+ years — 2.2 2.0 2.7
Unknown — — — —
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 279 293 292
Race/Ethnicity of Adopted Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian — 2.2 4.3 4.8
Asian — — — 0.3
Asian/Pacific Islander — — — —
Black — 19.4 21.8 16.1
Hispanic — 6.8 3.8 7.9
White — 70.3 68.3 69.2
Two or more races — — — 0.7
Unknown — 1.4 1.7 1.0
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 279 293 292

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Nebraska [ Outcomes Data ]

1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect
(NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children without a recurrence 93.8 95.2 91.9 94.5
Children with one or more recurrences 6.2 4.8 8.1 5.5
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 613 1,118 1,445 1,427

Bar chart describing Percentage of Children With One or More Recurrences of Maltreatment within 6 months data from Table 1.1 above.

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care
(NCANDS, AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database Jan —Sept)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children maltreated while in foster care — — 0.04 0.08
Children not maltreated while in foster care — — 99.96 99.92
Total % — — 100.00 100.00
Number — — 7,637 8,310

Bar chart describing Percentage of Children Maltreated While in Foster Care data from Table 2.1 above.

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

3.1 Exits from Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 6.6 7.1 0.7
Guardianship — 3.3 2.9 0.5
Reunification — 65.9 62.6 80.3
Other — 0.6 0.8 0.2
Missing data — 23.6 26.6 18.2
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 2,100 2,514 2,636

Pie Charts describing data from Table 3.1 above.

3.2 Exits of Disabled Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 6.7 10.3 —
Guardianship — — — 2.3
Reunification — 66.7 65.5 76.7
Other — — — —
Missing data — 26.7 24.1 20.9
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 15 29 43
3.3 Exits of Children Over Age 12 at Entry (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — — 0.1 —
Guardianship — 1.8 1.3 0.1
Reunification — 76.7 72.8 82.2
Other — 0.2 0.7 0.1
Missing data — 21.2 25.1 17.7
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 825 1,191 1,234
3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children age 12 or younger at entry — 50.0 50.0 —
Children older than 12 at entry — 50.0 50.0 —
Missing data — — — —
Total % — 100.0 100.0 —
Number — 2 2 —
3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
blank cell Alaska Native/A.I. Asian Asian/Pacific Islander Black Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 1.7 2.8 0.4 — — — — — — — — — 5.4 10.6 1.5 — — — —
Guardianship — 1.1 1.7 2.4 — — — — — — — — — 4.0 5.3 0.3 — — — —
Reunification — 55.4 56.4 71.2 — — 71.4 100.0 — 81.8 — — — 61.7 56.2 76.5 — — — —
Other — — 2.8 — — — — — — — — — — 1.4 0.9 0.3 — — — —
Missing data — 41.7 36.5 26.2 — — 28.6 — — 18.2 — — — 27.4 27.1 21.3 — — — —
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 — — — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — — —
Number — 175 181 233 — — 14 21 — 11 — — — 277 340 328 — — — —
blank cell Hispanic White Unable to Determine Two or More Races Missing Data
1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 7.5 2.7 — — 7.4 7.5 0.7 — 3.0 9.1 — — — — — — — — —
Guardianship — 2.5 3.1 — — 3.7 2.5 0.5 — — 2.3 — — — — — — — — —
Reunification — 58.3 61.8 72.5 — 68.6 64.6 83.0 — 78.8 65.9 90.9 — 100.0 50.0 60.0 — — — —
Other — 0.5 — — — 0.5 0.6 0.2 — — 2.3 — — — — — — — — —
Missing data — 31.2 32.4 27.5 — 19.7 24.8 15.7 — 18.2 20.5 9.1 — — 50.0 40.0 — — — —
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — — —
Number — 199 225 244 — 1,403 1,708 1,772 — 33 44 33 — 3 2 5 — — — —

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Re-entry
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

4.1 Time to Reunification (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Less than 12 mos. — 52.6 44.4 40.3
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. — 26.4 30.7 27.2
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. — 9.2 12.4 15.6
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. — 5.3 5.8 9.3
48 or more mos. — 6.5 6.7 7.6
Missing data — — — —
Total (%) — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 1,384 1,575 2,118

Bar chart describing reunification percentages data in Table 4.1 above.

4.2 Children Who Entered Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children entering care for the first time — 91.8 92.9 90.0
Children re-entering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode — 3.1 3.5 4.8
Children re-entering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode — 0.2 2.1 3.9
Missing data — 4.9 1.5 1.3
Total (%) — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 2,806 3,134 3,350

Bar chart describing re-entries into Foster Care within 12 months from data in Table 4.2 above.

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Less than 12 mos. — 18.1 — —
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. — 24.6 17.9 5.3
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. — 10.9 26.3 15.8
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. — 21.7 21.8 21.1
48 or more mos. — 24.6 34.1 57.9
Missing data — — — —
Total (%) — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 138 179 19

Bar Chart describing Percentage of Adoptions Occurring in Less Than 24 or greater than 48 Months of Entry data from Table 5.1 above

6. Increase Placement Stability
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%) Year Children With 2 or Fewer Placements Children With 3 or More Placements Missing Data Total % Number
Less than 12 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
87.4
83.4
80.4		 —
12.6
16.6
19.6		 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
3,321
3,575
3,775
At least 12 mos., but <24 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
72.7
56.8
50.8		 —
27.3
43.2
49.2		 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
2,111
2,097
2,320
At least 24 mos., but <36 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
77.1
52.3
33.6		 —
22.9
47.7
66.4		 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
699
1,347
1,272
At least 36 mos., but <48 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
81.4
59.8
36.6		 —
18.6
40.2
63.4		 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
414
440
858
48 or more mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
81.9
62.1
41.9		 —
18.1
37.9
58.1		 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
691
728
664
Missing data 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
—
—
—		 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
10
1
1

Bar chart describing foster care placements over time percentages data from Table 6.1 above.

7. Reduce Placements of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Group homes — 2.8 3.0 2.6
Institutions — 8.3 6.6 6.0
Other settings — 89.0 90.4 91.4
Missing data — — — —
Total (%) — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 1,307 1,586 1,642

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Nebraska [ State Comment ]

Dawn Swanson, Administrator
Office of Protection and Safety
Nebraska Health and Human Services System
402-471-3121

Nebraska's comments on the State's data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 2001: Report to Congress are the following:

Data related to 'Discharge from Foster Care' was skewed for Nebraska in FY2001. Nebraska had a technical systems error in which discharge data was stored erroneously. The discharge reason stored was a generic code that does not translate to child welfare discharge reasons. We were also unable to systematically convert this information, and manual changes were not feasible. This problem has subsequently been fixed, but because of this issue, data for the outcome measures 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1 and 5.1 will be inaccurate. Even with the missing discharge reason data, 80.3% of our youth were reunified in FY2001.

The data in Section E show 292 children being adopted, which is in direct opposition to outcome measures 3.1 and 5.1. The Section E data would be correct, as we pull the Adoption Finalization information from a table other than the discharge reasons.

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Nebraska [ Federal Comment ]

The following discussion focuses on Nebraska's performance with regard to each of the outcomes assessed in the Child Welfare Outcomes Annual Reports to Congress. The Nebraska Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) was completed in fiscal year (FY) 2002, and compliance with the national standards was based on data from 2000. The final report for that review is available from Reports and Results of the Child and Family Service Reviews (CFSRs) . A discussion of the implications of CFSR findings for Nebraska's performance on the Report to Congress Outcomes is provided in Child Welfare Outcomes 2000.

The State's performance is assessed by examining the percent change in the data for each outcome measure from 1999 to 2001. The percent change was calculated using data carried out to the second decimal point. However, with the exception of outcome measure 2.1, the data presented in the Report to Congress are rounded to one decimal for ease of reading the tables (measure 2.1 must be presented as two decimals because the national standard is less than one percent).

Outcome 1. Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect
In calendar year (CY) 2001, the State's rate of maltreatment recurrence within 6 months was 5.5 percent, which meets the national standard of 6.1 percent or less and is lower than the national median of 8.0 percent. Information from the CFSR Final Report suggests that the reported rate of maltreatment recurrence may be less than the actual rate, because maltreatment reports on families with open child welfare cases are not always investigated as new reports and therefore are not always entered into the State's automated information system. Nebraska's performance on this measure declined from 1999 to 2001 (+15.4 percent change).

Outcome 2. Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care
In CY 2001, the incidence of maltreatment in foster care was 0.08 percent, which is lower that both the national standard of 0.57 percent and the national median of 0.47 percent. Change in performance on this measure from 1999 to 2001 cannot be evaluated because Nebraska did not provide data for 1999 to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) for this measure.

Outcome 3. Increase permanency for children in foster care
The State's performance relevant to this outcome cannot be assessed because 18.2 percent of children who exited foster care in FY 2001 did not report "reason for discharge" information to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS). Consequently, the percentage of children achieving permanency at exit from foster care cannot be determined. The State's comment letter describes the data error that resulted in this problem.

Outcome 4. Reduce time to reunification without increasing re-entry
In FY 2001, the percentage of all reported reunifications occurring within 12 months of children's entry into foster care was 40.3, which is lower than the national standard of 76.2 percent and the national median of 69.2 percent. However, because "reason for discharge" information was not reported to AFCARS for over 18 percent of children exiting foster care in FY 2001, the current data pertaining to the time to reunification cannot be interpreted.

Nebraska's data regarding re-entries into foster care indicate that in FY 2001, the percentage of children re-entering foster care within 12 months of discharge from a prior foster care episode was 4.8, which is lower than both the national standard of 8.6 percent or less and the national median of 10.4 percent. However, Nebraska's performance on this measure declined from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (+56.0 percent change).

Outcome 5. Reduce time in foster care to adoption
In FY 2001, the percentage of all reported finalized adoptions occurring within 24 months of a child's entry into foster care was 5.3, which is lower than the national standard of 32.0 percent or more and close to the lowest rate reported nationally. However, Nebraska's data pertaining to time in foster care to finalized adoption cannot be meaningfully interpreted because of the following data quality issues: (1) "reason for discharge" information was not reported to AFCARS for over 18 percent of the children exiting foster care in FY 2001; and (2) the State reported 292 finalized adoptions to the AFCARS Adoption Database (Section E), but only 19 exits to a finalized adoption to the AFCARS Foster Care Database (Outcome measures 3.1 and 5.1). Consequently, the time to adoption data pertains to only 6.5 percent of the finalized adoptions. The State's comment letter describes the data error that resulted in these discrepancies.

Outcome 6. Increase placement stability
In FY 2001, the percentage of children who experienced no more than 2 placements during their first 12 months in foster care was 80.4, which is lower than both the national standard of 86.7 percent or more and the national median of 83.3 percent. Nebraska's performance on this measure declined continuously from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (-8.0 percent change).

Outcome 7. Reduce placements of young children in group homes and institutions
In FY 2001, the percentage of children age 12 or younger placed in a group home or institution was 8.6, which is slightly under the national median of 8.7. Nebraska's performance on this measure improved from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (-21.5 percent change).

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