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Home > Statistics & Research > Child Welfare Outcomes 2001 > Chapter Four > New Hampshire

 

New Hampshire

Context Data | Outcomes Data | Federal Comment

New Hampshire [ Context Data ]

A. Key Context Statistics

General Population 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total children under 18 years 298,610 304,436 309,562 307,717
Race/ethnicity (%)1
   Alaska Native/American Indian 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
   Asian N/A N/A N/A 1.4
   Asian/Pacific Islander 1.3 1.4 1.3 N/A
   Black 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0
   Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A N/A N/A 0.0
   Hispanic 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6
   White 95.7 95.5 93.4 93.2
   Two or more races N/A N/A 1.6 1.5
   Other N/A N/A 0.2 N/A
% Child population in poverty 14.6 8.1 7.7 8.2
% Child population living in metropolitan areas 67.3 63.4 61.7 64.7
Child Welfare 1998 1999 2000 2001
Child maltreatment victims 1,159 926 811 1,102
Children in foster care on 9/30 — 1,385 1,311 1,288
Children adopted 51 62 97 95

1 The 2000 Census of the United States includes two new race categories: (1) Persons of two or more races and (2) Other. Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS)

 

 Number Rate
Maltreatment Information Overview 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment 8,974 8,833 8,120 12,132 30.1 per 1,000 29.0 per 1,000 26.2 per 1,000 38.6 per 1,000
Child maltreatment victims2 1,159 926 811 1,102 3.9 per 1,000 3.0 per 1,000 2.6 per 1,000 3.5 per 1,000
Child fatalities 1 3 9 1 0.3 per 100,000 1.0 per 100,000 2.9 per 100,000 0.3 per 100,000
Age of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year — — 7.8 9.4
1-5 years — — 27.2 27.2
6-10 years — — 28.9 28.9
11-15 years — — 31.5 31.5
16+ years — — 4.0 4.0
Unknown — — 1.1 1.1
Total % — — 100.0 100.0
Number — — 842 842
Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian — — — 0.3
Asian/Pacific Islander — — 0.5 0.6
Black — — 2.2 3.0
Hispanic — — 5.3 3.6
White — — 65.7 79.4
Two or more races — — 1.0 1.5
Other/Unknown — — 25.3 11.5
Total %3 — — 100.0 100.0
Number — — 811 1,102
Maltreatment Type of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Emotional 3.9 5.3 2.6 3.6
Medical neglect — 1.9 2.6 1.8
Neglect 66.3 65.2 64.4 63.4
Physical abuse 27.4 27.5 18.9 19.2
Sexual abuse 27.8 25.7 20.3 21.4
Other — — — —
Unknown — — — —
Total %4 125.4 125.7 108.8 109.4
Number 1,159 926 811 1,102

2 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once. Back
3 Percentages may total more than 100 percent because Hispanics may be counted both by Hispanic ethnicity and by race. Back
4 Percentages may total more than 100 percent because children could have been victims of more than one type of maltreatment. Back

C. Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Number of Children In Care on 10/1 Entered Care Exited Care In Care on 9/30 Total Served
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98) — — — — —
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99) 1,264 522 401 1,385 1,786
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00) 1,317 484 491 1,311 1,801
FY2001 (10/1/00-9/30/01) 1,222 534 468 1,288 1,756
Median Length of Stay (Months)          
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98) — N/A — — N/A
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99) 20.9 N/A 15.4 23.5 N/A
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00) 24.6 N/A 18.3 26.1 N/A
FY2001 (10/1/00-9/30/01) 27.6 N/A 20.3 25.2 N/A
Age of Children in Foster Care (%) In Care on 10/1/97 In Care on 10/1/98 In Care on 10/1/99 In Care on 10/1/00 Entered Care During FY 1998 Entered Care During FY 1999 Entered Care During FY 2000 Entered Care During FY 2001 Exited Care During FY 1998 Exited Care During FY 1999 Exited Care During FY 2000 Exited Care During FY 2001 In Care on 9/30/98 In Care on 9/30/99 In Care on 9/30/00 In Care on 9/30/01
Under 1 year — 2.4 2.6 1.9 — 11.1 10.3 10.7 — 3.2 2.9 3.4 — 2.6 2.0 2.1
1-5 years — 22.2 21.0 20.1 — 24.9 25.2 29.2 — 25.2 25.3 25.2 — 20.6 20.1 21.4
6-10 years — 26.9 29.2 26.6 — 25.1 22.5 21.5 — 15.7 25.9 20.7 — 28.2 25.7 24.5
11-15 years — 30.3 30.8 35.3 — 32.6 32.6 28.5 — 20.9 17.1 22.6 — 31.8 35.7 35.3
16-18 years — 16.3 15.0 15.0 — 6.3 9.1 9.6 — 28.9 23.8 22.6 — 15.3 15.5 15.5
19+ years — 1.9 1.4 1.1 — — — — — 5.5 3.7 4.3 — 1.4 1.1 1.3
Unknown — 0.1 0.1 — — — 0.2 0.6 — 0.5 1.4 1.1 — 0.1 — —
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 1,264 1,317 1,222 — 522 484 534 — 401 491 468 — 1,385 1,311 1,288
Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)5 In Care on 10/1/97 In Care on 10/1/98 In Care on 10/1/99 In Care on 10/1/00 Entered Care During FY 1998 Entered Care During FY 1999 Entered Care During FY 2000 Entered Care During FY 2001 Exited Care During FY 1998 Exited Care During FY 1999 Exited Care During FY 2000 Exited Care During FY 2001 In Care on 9/30/98 In Care on 9/30/99 In Care on 9/30/00 In Care on 9/30/01
Alaska Native/American Indian — 0.3 0.2 0.2 — — — 0.4 — 0.2 — 0.2 — 0.2 0.2 0.3
Asian — — 0.2 0.2 — — 0.4 0.2 — — 0.6 0.2 — — 0.2 0.2
Asian/Pacific Islander — 0.2 — — — 0.4 — — — 0.2 — — — 0.3 — —
Black — 1.7 1.9 2.6 — 2.1 4.3 3.2 — 1.5 2.9 1.3 — 1.9 2.4 3.3
Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander — — 0.1 0.1 — — — — — — — — — — 0.1 0.1
Hispanic — 3.9 5.2 4.7 — 7.5 5.2 5.6 — 4.0 5.9 4.7 — 5.2 4.9 5.0
White — 89.7 87.7 87.4 — 82.2 82.4 85.6 — 86.8 83.1 89.1 — 87.7 87.5 86.0
Two or more races — 3.5 3.5 4.1 — 2.3 2.7 2.2 — 2.0 1.4 2.8 — 3.5 4.0 3.8
Unknown — 0.7 1.2 0.7 — 5.6 5.0 2.8 — 5.2 6.1 1.7 — 1.2 0.8 1.2
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 1,264 1,317 1,222 — 522 484 534 — 401 491 468 — 1,385 1,311 1,288

5 In this and subsequent race/ethnicity tables, data for two or more races may be provided for 1998 and 1999 because of States' resubmissions. However, data for 1998 and 1999 may not capture all children of two or more races and therefore may not be comparable to the 2000 data pertaining to two or more races. Back

D. Children Waiting to Be Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)6

Overview 9/30/98 9/30/99 9/30/00 9/30/01
Children waiting to be adopted — 289 283 230
Children whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR) — 257 195 122
Age of Waiting Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year — 4.5 1.8 1.7
1-5 years — 44.6 38.9 32.2
6-10 years — 39.8 42.1 39.1
11-15 years — 10.0 16.3 24.4
16+ years — 1.0 0.7 2.6
Unknown — — 0.4 —
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 289 283 230
Race/Ethnicity of Waiting Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian — 0.7 0.7 0.9
Asian — — — —
Asian/Pacific Islander — — — —
Black — 2.1 1.4 1.3
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander — — — —
Hispanic — 3.1 5.3 6.5
White — 89.3 86.9 86.1
Two or more races — 4.8 5.7 5.2
Unknown — — — —
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 289 283 230

6 Waiting children are children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parentsÂ’ rights have been terminated. Children 16 years and older with TPR, but with a goal of emancipation, have been excluded from the waiting children and TPR populations. Back

E. Children Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Age of Adopted Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year — — 1.0 —
1-5 years 51.0 48.4 44.3 47.4
6-10 years 33.3 40.3 45.4 40.0
11-15 years 13.7 9.7 8.2 11.6
16+ years 2.0 1.6 1.0 1.1
Unknown — — — —
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 51 62 97 95
Race/Ethnicity of Adopted Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian 2.0 — — —
Asian — — — —
Asian/Pacific Islander — — — —
Black 7.8 — 2.1 3.2
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander — — 3.1 1.1
Hispanic 5.9 6.5 8.2 5.3
White 84.3 87.1 85.6 88.4
Two or more races — 4.8 — 2.1
Unknown — 1.6 1.0 —
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 51 62 97 95

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New Hampshire [ Outcomes Data ]

1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect
(NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children without a recurrence — — 92.0 91.7
Children with one or more recurrences — — 8.0 8.3
Total % — — 100.0 100.0
Number — — 289 384

Bar chart describing Percentage of Children With One or More Recurrences of Maltreatment within 6 months data from Table 1.1 above.

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care
(NCANDS, AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database Jan —Sept)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children maltreated while in foster care — — — 0.12
Children not maltreated while in foster care — — 100.00 99.88
Total % — — 100.00 100.00
Number — — 1,693 1,631

Bar chart describing Percentage of Children Maltreated While in Foster Care data from Table 2.1 above.

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

3.1 Exits from Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 11.0 118.3 16.7
Guardianship — 2.7 5.5 4.1
Reunification — 45.9 47.7 55.1
Other — 21.7 19.3 18.8
Missing data — 18.7 9.2 5.3
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 401 491 468

Pie Charts describing data from Table 3.1 above.

3.2 Exits of Disabled Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 27.1 44.3 33.3
Guardianship — 3.5 3.2 1.4
Reunification — 34.1 31.6 44.7
Other — 24.7 15.8 14.9
Missing data — 10.6 5.1 5.7
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 85 158 141
3.3 Exits of Children Over Age 12 at Entry (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — — — 0.8
Guardianship — 1.5 1.4 3.2
Reunification — 45.6 52.8 44.4
Other — 34.6 35.9 45.2
Missing data — 18.4 9.9 6.3
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 136 142 126
3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children age 12 or younger at entry — 45.3 45.6 33.3
Children older than 12 at entry — 54.7 54.4 66.7
Missing data — — — —
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 64 57 54
3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
blank cell Alaska Native/A.I. Asian Asian/Pacific Islander Black Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 21.4 33.3 — — — —
Guardianship — — — 100.0 — — — — — — — — — — 21.4 — — — — —
Reunification — — — — — — 33.3 — — 100.0 — — — 50.0 35.7 33.3 — — — —
Other — — — — — — — 100.0 — — — — — — 21.4 16.7 — — — —
Missing data — 100.0 — — — — 66.7 — — — — — — 50.0 — 16.7 — — — —
Total % — 100.0 — 100.0 — — 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 — — — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — — —
Number — 1 — 1 — — 3 1 — 1 — — — 6 14 6 — — — —
blank cell Hispanic White Unable to Determine Two or More Races Missing Data
1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — 12.5 10.3 22.7 — 11.5 20.6 15.3 — 25.0 — — — 12.5 — 53.8 — — — —
Guardianship — — 3.4 — — 3.2 5.6 4.1 — — — — — — — — — — — 16.7
Reunification — 43.8 58.6 68.2 — 45.4 46.1 56.6 — 50.0 60.0 100.0 — 50.0 42.9 15.4 — 52.9 68.0 16.7
Other — 18.8 13.8 9.1 — 22.7 19.6 18.5 — — 20.0 — — 25.0 42.9 30.8 — 17.6 16.0 50.0
Missing data — 25.0 13.8 — — 17.2 8.1 5.5 — 25.0 20.0 — — 12.5 14.3 — — 29.4 16.0 16.7
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0 — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 16 29 22 — 348 408 417 — 4 5 2 — 8 7 13 — 17 25 6

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Re-entry
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

4.1 Time to Reunification (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Less than 12 mos. — 55.4 58.5 48.8
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. — 28.3 22.6 26.4
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. — 5.4 9.8 8.5
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. — 2.2 4.3 6.2
48 or more mos. — 6.5 3.4 9.7
Missing data — 2.2 1.3 0.4
Total (%) — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 184 234 258

Bar chart describing reunification percentages data in Table 4.1 above.

4.2 Children Who Entered Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children entering care for the first time — 73.0 69.4 71.9
Children re-entering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode — 11.1 13.4 13.3
Children re-entering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode — 4.0 5.4 5.6
Missing data — 11.9 11.8 9.2
Total (%) — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 522 484 534

Bar chart describing re-entries into Foster Care within 12 months from data in Table 4.2 above.

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Less than 12 mos. — 2.3 3.3 2.6
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. — 9.1 10.0 2.6
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. — 22.7 18.9 21.8
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. — 15.9 30.0 43.6
48 or more mos. — 50.0 37.8 29.5
Missing data — — — —
Total (%) — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 44 90 78

Bar Chart describing Percentage of Adoptions Occurring in Less Than 24 or greater than 48 Months of Entry data from Table 5.1 above

6. Increase Placement Stability
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%) Year Children With 2 or Fewer Placements Children With 3 or More Placements Missing Data Total % Number
Less than 12 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
85.3
85.8
88.7		 —
14.7
14.2
11.3

 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
578
557
576
At least 12 mos., but <24 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
64.5
60.6
63.4

 —
35.5
39.4
36.6		 —
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
372
335
306
At least 24 mos., but <36 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
58.8
54.6
53.8

 —
41.2
45.4
46.2		 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
274
260
210
At least 36 mos., but <48 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
50.0
53.4
49.0		 —
50.0
46.6
51.0

 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
168
221
198
48 or more mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
36.2
34.2
34.7

 —
63.8
65.8
65.3		 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
389
421
464
Missing data 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
—
—
—		 —
—
—
—		 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
5
7
2

Bar chart describing foster care placements over time percentages data from Table 6.1 above.

7. Reduce Placements of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Group homes — 10.7 9.4 7.3
Institutions — 1.1 0.3 —
Other settings — 88.2 90.3 92.7
Missing data — — — —
Total (%) — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 355 329 371

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New Hampshire [ Federal Comment ]

The following discussion focuses on New Hampshire's performance with regard to each of the outcomes assessed in the Child Welfare Outcomes Annual Reports to Congress. The New Hampshire Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) was completed in fiscal year (FY) 2003, and compliance with the national standards was based on data from 2001. The final report for that review is available from Reports and Results of the Child and Family Service Reviews (CFSRs) . A discussion of the implications of CFSR findings for New Hampshire's performance on the Report to Congress Outcomes is provided below.

The State's performance is assessed by examining the percent change in the data for each outcome measure from 1999 to 2001. The percent change was calculated using data carried out to the second decimal point. However, with the exception of outcome measure 2.1, the data presented in the Report to Congress are rounded to one decimal for ease of reading the tables (measure 2.1 must be presented as two decimals because the national standard is less than one percent).

Outcome 1. Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect
In calendar year (CY) 2001, the rate of maltreatment recurrence in less than 6 months was 8.3 percent, which does not meet the national standard of 6.1 percent or less and is greater than the national median of 8.0 percent. Change in performance on this measure from 1999 to 2001 cannot be evaluated because the State did not provide data for 1999 to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) for calculating this outcome. Performance on this measure did not change substantively from 2000 to 2001. The CFSR Final Report suggests that performance on this measure may be attributed to inconsistencies in the assessment of underlying family issues resulting in a lack of appropriate service provision.

Outcome 2. Reduce incidence of maltreatment in foster care
In CY 2001, the incidence of maltreatment in foster care was 0.12 percent, which meets the national standard of 0.57 percent or less and is less than the national median of 0.47 percent. Change in performance on this measure from 1999 to 2001 cannot be evaluated because the State did not provide data for 1999 or 2000 NCANDS for calculating this measure. Information from the CFSR Final Report suggests that performance on this measure may be attributed in part to the following: (1) the provision of comprehensive preplacement training for foster parents; (2) the availability of a variety of ongoing training opportunities for foster parents and staff of care facilities; and (3) strict adherence to State licensing and certification standards.

Outcome 3. Increase permanency for children in foster care
In FY 2001, 75.9 percent of children exiting foster care were discharged to permanent homes (which is lower than the national median of 85.3 percent), and 48.4 percent of children exiting foster care who were older than age 12 at entry into foster care were discharged to permanent homes (which is considerably lower than the national median of 72.3 percent). However, 79.4 percent of children with a diagnosed disability exiting foster care were discharged to permanent homes (which is greater than the national median of 78.4 percent). These data suggest that the State has not been effective overall in achieving permanency for children in foster care, particularly children who enter foster care after age 12. New Hampshire's performance related to attaining permanency for children in foster care, including disabled children, improved from FY 1999 to FY 2001.

In FY 2001, 33.3 percent of children exiting foster care through emancipation were age 12 or younger at the time of entry into foster are, which is higher than the national median of 28.0 percent. This suggests that New Hampshire has not been successful in ensuring that children do not "grow up" in foster care. However, performance on this measure improved from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (-26.4 percent change).

Information in the CFSR Final Report suggests that performance related to attainment of permanency for children exiting foster care may be attributed at least in part to: (1) inconsistent efforts to establish appropriate permanency goals, and (2) inappropriate use of the goal of long-term foster care (i.e., for young children).

Outcome 4. Reduce time to reunification without increasing re-entry
In FY 2001, the percentage of reunifications occurring within 12 months of a child's entry into foster care was 48.8, which is lower than the national standard of 76.2 percent or more and the national median of 69.2 percent. New Hampshire's performance related to time to reunification declined from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (-11.9 percent change). Information in the CFSR Final Report identifies the following as potential barriers to timely reunification: (1) high worker caseloads; (2) lack of adequate services; and (3) inconsistency with regard to involvement of parents in case planning.

Also, New Hampshire's data regarding re-entries into foster care indicate that in FY 2001, the percentage of children re-entering foster care within 12 months of discharge from a prior foster care episode was 13.3, which is greater than both the national standard of 8.6 percent or less and the national median of 10.4 percent. Performance on this measure declined from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (+19.7 percent change). The CFSR Final Report notes that a large percentage of children re-entering foster care are under the supervision of the Division for Juvenile Justice Services, and that some of the re-entries are actually short-term placements in the child's home while awaiting an opening in a group home or treatment facility.

Outcome 5. Reduce time in foster care to adoption
In FY 2001, the percentage of all reported finalized adoptions occurring within 24 months of a child's entry into foster care was 5.2, which is lower than the national standard of 32.0 percent or more. Performance on this measure declined from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (-54.9 percent change). Information in the CFSR Final Report identifies the following as potential barriers to timely adoptions: (1) inconsistent efforts to file for termination of parental rights (TPR) in a timely manner; (2) delays in scheduling TPR hearings (hearings are scheduled based on the time of the adjudication hearing rather than entry into foster care); and (3) delays in finalizing adoptions due to court-related scheduling problems.

Outcome 6. Increase placement stability
In FY 2001, the percentage of children who experienced no more than 2 placements during their first 12 months in foster care was 88.7, which meets the national standard of 86.7 percent or more and is greater than the national median of 83.3 percent. Performance on this measure did not change substantively from FY 1999 to FY 2001.

Outcome 7. Reduce placements of young children in group homes and institutions
In FY 2001, the percentage of children age 12 or younger placed in a group home or institution was 7.3, which is less than the national median of 8.7 percent. New Hampshire's performance on this measure improved continuously from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (-38.5 percent change).

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