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Home > Statistics & Research > Child Welfare Outcomes 2001 > Chapter Four > New York

 

New York

Context Data | Outcomes Data | State Comment | Federal Comment

New York [ Context Data ]

A. Key Context Statistics

General Population 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total children under 18 years 4,502,611 4,440,924 4,690,107 4,634,371
Race/ethnicity (%)1
   Alaska Native/American Indian 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
   Asian N/A N/A N/A 5.4
   Asian/Pacific Islander 5.6 5.8 5.0 N/A
   Black 16.8 16.7 17.8 18.2
   Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A N/A N/A 0.0
   Hispanic 19.2 19.5 19.0 19.6
   White 58.2 57.8 54.6 54.6
   Two or more races N/A N/A 2.6 1.9
   Other N/A N/A 0.5 N/A
% Child population in poverty 26.2 21.8 19.5 20.0
% Child population living in metropolitan areas 90.7 92.2 92.3 90.8
Child Welfare 1998 1999 2000 2001
Child maltreatment victims 83,537 64,045 74,064 77,860
Children in foster care on 9/30 53,555 51,159 47,208 43,365
Children adopted 4,819 4,864 4,234 3,934

1 The 2000 Census of the United States includes two new race categories: (1) Persons of two or more races and (2) Other. Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS)

blank cell Number Rate
Maltreatment Information Overview 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment 240,655 186,002 230,449 251,164 53.4 per 1,000 41.9 per 1,000 49.1 per 1,000 53.7 per 1,000
Child maltreatment victims2 83,537 64,045 74,065 77,860 18.6 per 1,000 14.4 per 1,000 15.8 per 1,000 16.6 per 1,000
Child fatalities 61 79 79 78 1.4 per 100,000 1.8 per 100,000 1.7 per 100,000 1.7 per 100,000
Age of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year — 5.1 9.1 8.8
1-5 years — 26.2 27.4 27.7
6-10 years — 29.7 30.6 30.8
11-15 years — 25.3 27.0 27.1
16+ years — 9.2 5.8 5.6
Unknown — 4.5 0.1 0.1
Total % — 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number — 64,045 74,065 77,860
Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian — 0.2 0.3 0.4
Asian/Pacific Islander — 0.1 0.8 0.8
Black — 31.0 32.3 31.3
Hispanic — 18.4 18.0 18.4
White — 38.0 41.5 42.2
Two or more races — — — —
Other/Unknown — 30.7 7.1 6.8
Total %3 — 118.4 100.0 100.0
Number — 64,045 74,065 77,860
Maltreatment Type of Child Victims (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Emotional abuse 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.1
Medical neglect 5.0 6.2 3.7 3.6
Neglect 19.0 23.3 89.5 90.0
Physical abuse 21.9 24.8 13.9 13.0
Sexual abuse 5.3 5.6 4.1 3.8
Other 148.2 182.9 22.8 24.4
Unknown — — — —
Total %4 200.9 244.6 135.2 135.9
Number 83,537 64,045 74,065 77,860

2 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once. Back
3 Percentages may total more than 100 percent because Hispanics may be counted both by Hispanic ethnicity and by race. Back
4 Percentages may total more than 100 percent because children could have been victims of more than one type of maltreatment. Back

C. Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Number of Children In Care on 10/1 Entered Care Exited Care In Care on 9/30 Total Served
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98) 54,102 19,749 20,324 53,555 73,851
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99) 53,483 18,172 20,497 51,159 71,655
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00) 50,847 16,605 20,337 47,118 67,452
FY2001 (10/1/00-9/30/01) 46,932 15,135 18,703 43,365 62,067
Median Length of Stay (Months)          
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98) 32.1 N/A 20.9 28.6 N/A
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99) 28.7 N/A 22.5 28.3 N/A
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00) 28.6 N/A 22.4 29.9 N/A
FY2001 (10/1/00-9/30/01) 30.3 N/A 23.3 30.9 N/A
Age of Children in Foster Care (%) In Care on 10/1/97 In Care on 10/1/98 In Care on 10/1/99 In Care on 10/1/00 Entered Care During FY 1998 Entered Care During FY 1999 Entered Care During FY 2000 Entered Care During FY 2001 Exited Care During FY 1998 Exited Care During FY 1999 Exited Care During FY 2000 Exited Care During FY 2001 In Care on 9/30/98 In Care on 9/30/99 In Care on 9/30/00 In Care on 9/30/01
Under 1 year 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.1 15.5 15.4 14.8 14.0 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.9
1-5 years 27.5 26.7 26.1 25.3 23.9 22.9 22.2 21.8 22.8 21.6 22.1 23.2 26.6 26.1 25.4 24.2
6-10 years 28.2 27.8 27.1 26.1 21.1 21.2 20.0 19.9 24.0 24.6 24.0 23.4 27.8 27.2 26.1 24.7
11-15 years 25.3 25.8 26.6 27.6 32.7 33.7 35.9 36.4 25.8 26.3 26.8 26.8 26.4 27.1 28.1 29.0
16-18 years 12.6 13.1 13.5 14.1 6.7 6.7 7.1 7.9 18.3 18.3 18.2 17.4 12.8 13.2 13.8 14.9
19+ years 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 5.4 5.6 4.8 5.0 2.7 2.9 3.4 4.1
Unknown 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 54,102 53,483 50,847 46,932 19,749 18,172 16,605 15,135 20,324 20,497 20,337 18,703 53,555 51,159 47,118 43,365
Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)5 In Care on 10/1/97 In Care on 10/1/98 In Care on 10/1/99 In Care on 10/1/00 Entered Care During FY 1998 Entered Care During FY 1999 Entered Care During FY 2000 Entered Care During FY 2001 Exited Care During FY 1998 Exited Care During FY 1999 Exited Care During FY 2000 Exited Care During FY 2001 In Care on 9/30/98 In Care on 9/30/99 In Care on 9/30/00 In Care on 9/30/01
Alaska Native/American Indian 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
Asian — — 0.3 0.3 — — 0.6 0.8 — — 0.5 0.5 — — 0.3 0.4
Asian/Pacific 0.3 0.2 — — 0.4 0.4 — — 0.4 0.3 — — 0.2 0.3 — —
Black 48.8 46.6 44.9 44.6 34.1 33.8 38.8 43.0 41.3 40.1 40.3 40.9 46.2 44.7 44.7 45.7
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hispanic 14.8 15.0 15.3 15.7 13.5 13.6 15.8 19.7 13.6 13.5 14.7 17.0 14.8 15.1 15.7 16.5
White 13.2 13.5 13.9 15.0 21.5 23.2 25.0 27.7 19.7 20.5 20.3 21.5 13.8 14.1 15.1 16.6
Two or more races — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unknown 22.9 24.5 25.4 24.1 30.2 28.6 19.4 8.5 24.7 25.3 23.9 19.8 24.9 25.7 24.0 20.5
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 54,102 53,483 50,847 46,932 19,749 18,172 16,605 15,135 20,324 20,497 20,337 18,703 53,555 51,159 47,118 43,365

5 In this and subsequent race/ethnicity tables, data for two or more races may be provided for 1998 and 1999 because of States' resubmissions. However, data for 1998 and 1999 may not capture all children of two or more races and therefore may not be comparable to the 2000 data pertaining to two or more races. Back

D. Children Waiting to Be Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)6

Overview 9/30/98 9/30/99 9/30/00 9/30/01
Children waiting to be adopted 17,818 18,762 17,325 14,840
Children whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR) 13,596 14,707 12,519 8,559
Age of Waiting Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year 0.9 2.4 1.6 0.7
1-5 years 29.6 31.9 31.6 30.0
6-10 years 37.8 35.5 35.3 34.5
11-15 years 27.4 26.4 27.8 30.0
16+ years 3.3 2.8 2.8 3.5
Unknown 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 17,818 18,762 17,325 14,840
Race/Ethnicity of Waiting Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asian — — 0.2 0.2
Asian/Pacific Islander 0.1 0.2 — —
Black 51.1 48.7 47.9 48.2
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander — — — —
Hispanic 14.0 14.3 14.8 15.3
White 9.9 11.5 11.8 11.2
Two or more races — — — —
Unknown 24.9 25.3 25.1 25.0
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 17,818 18,762 17,325 14,840

6 Waiting children are children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parentsÂ’ rights have been terminated. Children 16 years and older with TPR, but with a goal of emancipation, have been excluded from the waiting children and TPR populations. Back

E. Children Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Age of Adopted Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Under 1 year 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.5
1-5 years 31.7 28.4 31.6 34.2
6-10 years 42.0 41.4 38.1 36.7
11-15 years 21.4 25.3 25.6 24.7
16+ years 4.4 4.7 4.3 3.9
Unknown — 0.0 — —
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 4,819 4,864 4,234 3,934
Race/Ethnicity of Adopted Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Alaska Native/American Indian 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2
Asian — — 0.2 0.1
Asian/Pacific Islander 0.1 0.1 — —
Black 52.1 50.3 46.5 46.3
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander — — — —
Hispanic 14.1 13.6 12.5 13.9
White 10.4 10.5 11.8 13.0
Two or more races — — — —
Unknown 23.2 25.4 28.9 26.5
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 4,819 4,864 4,234 3,934

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New York [ Outcomes Data ]

1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect
(NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children without a recurrence 86.1 86.5 87.1 85.9
Children with one or more recurrences 13.9 13.5 12.9 14.1
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 33,579 33,687 32,876 34,768

Bar chart describing Percentage of Children With One or More Recurrences of Maltreatment within 6 months data from Table 1.1 above.

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care
(NCANDS, AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database Jan —Sept)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children maltreated while in foster care 0.70 1.12 0.77 0.98
Children not maltreated while in foster care 99.30 98.88 99.23 99.02
Total % 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Number 69,304 67,155 62,873 57,405

Bar chart describing Percentage of Children Maltreated While in Foster Care data from Table 2.1 above.

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

3.1 Exits from Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption 23.7 23.7 20.8 21.0
Guardianship — — — —
Reunification 59.0 60.7 63.5 65.1
Other 13.4 12.7 13.4 11.7
Missing data 4.0 2.9 2.3 2.2
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 20,324 20,497 20,337 18,703

Pie Charts describing data from Table 3.1 above.

3.2 Exits of Disabled Children (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption — — — —
Guardianship — — — —
Reunification — — — —
Other — — — —
Missing data — — — —
Total % — — — —
Number — — — —
3.3 Exits of Children Over Age 12 at Entry (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7
Guardianship — — — —
Reunification 64.9 68.5 66.6 70.9
Other 28.1 27.2 29.4 25.3
Missing data 6.4 4.0 3.5 3.1
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 5,890 5,773 5,743 5,275
3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children age 12 or younger at entry 47.5 46.7 46.0 44.6
Children older than 12 at entry 51.9 53.2 53.9 55.4
Missing data 0.6 0.1 0.1 —
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 1,491 1,543 1,568 1,324
3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)
blank cell Alaska Native/A.I. Asian Asian/Pacific Islander Black Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption 2.0 6.1 6.6 10.2 — — 8.6 5.3 11.2 9.2 — — 30.6 29.8 24.0 23.8 — — — —
Guardianship — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Reunification 87.8 79.6 86.9 83.1 — — 74.2 80.9 57.3 73.8 — — 51.4 53.3 60.1 61.4 — — — —
Other 10.2 8.2 6.6 5.1 — — 16.1 11.7 28.1 15.4 — — 14.4 14.0 13.7 12.8 — — — —
Missing data — 6.1 — 1.7 — — 1.1 2.1 3.4 1.5 — — 3.6 2.9 2.2 2.0 — — — —
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — — —
Number 49 49 61 59 — — 9. 94 89 65 — — 8,388 8,212 8,201 7,643 — — — —
blank cell Hispanic White Unable to Determine Two or More Races Missing Data
1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
Adoption 25.4 23.8 17.8 17.1 12.3 12.1 12.0 12.7 20.6 23.8 25.1 28.1 — — — — — — — —
Guardianship — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Reunification 58.2 60.0 67.5 70.8 70.5 75.5 74.6 75.2 62.7 60.4 56.9 56.4 — — — — — — — —
Other 12.6 12.8 12.0 10.0 12.5 10.1 11.1 10.1 12.7 12.9 15.8 12.8 — — — — — — — —
Missing data 3.9 3.4 2.6 2.2 4.8 2.2 2.3 2.0 4.0 3.0 2.2 2.7 — — — — — — — —
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 — — — — — — — —
Number 2,767 2,777 2,983 3,180 4,005 4,203 4,138 4,029 5,026 5,191 4,861 3,698 — — — — — — — —

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Re-entry
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

4.1 Time to Reunification (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Less than 12 mos. 56.7 54.7 49.7 48.9
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 19.1 19.9 20.5 20.0
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 8.0 10.7 11.2 11.9
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 4.5 4.5 6.6 7.3
48 or more mos. 9.9 9.7 10.4 10.4
Missing data 1.9 0.5 1.6 1.6
Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 11,990 12,439 12,914 12,181

Bar chart describing reunification percentages data in Table 4.1 above.

4.2 Children Who Entered Foster Care (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Children entering care for the first time 78.8 78.8 78.5 76.7
Children re-entering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode 8.9 8.7 9.3 10.6
Children re-entering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode 12.0 12.5 12.2 12.6
Missing data 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1
Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 19,749 18,172 16,605 15,135

Bar chart describing re-entries into Foster Care within 12 months from data in Table 4.2 above.

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Less than 12 mos. 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.3
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 2.3 2.5 3.9 4.5
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 8.7 10.1 11.4 12.5
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 12.9 11.7 15.8 17.8
48 or more mos. 75.3 75.2 68.2 64.0
Missing data 0.1 0.0 0.0 —
Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 4,808 4,860 4,230 3,926

Bar Chart describing Percentage of Adoptions Occurring in Less Than 24 or greater than 48 Months of Entry data from Table 5.1 above

6. Increase Placement Stability
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%) Year Children With 2 or Fewer Placements Children With 3 or More Placements Missing Data Total % Number
Less than 12 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
88.9
90.8
91.6		 —
9.7
9.2
8.4		 —
1.4
—
—		 —
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
20,348
18,660
17,120
At least 12 mos., but <24 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
74.5
75.5
75.3		 —
25.5
24.0
24.1		 —
—
0.5
0.6		 —
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
12,833
11,607
10,360
At least 24 mos., but <36 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
65.5
65.3
66.7		 —
34.5
33.5
31.9		 —
—
1.2
1.4		 —
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
9,435
9,426
8,097
At least 36 mos., but <48 mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
57.9
58.5
59.3		 —
42.1
40.1
39.1		 —
—
1.4
1.7		 —
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
6,697
7,071
6,896
48 or more mos. 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
44.0
44.0
43.2		 —
56.0
55.1
55.6		 —
—
0.9
1.1		 —
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
22,197
20,419
19,354
Missing data 1998
1999
2000
2001		 —
93.1
96.3
95.8		 —
6.9
3.7
4.2		 —
—
—
—		 —
100.0
100.0
100.0		 —
145
269
240

Bar chart describing foster care placements over time percentages data from Table 6.1 above.

7. Reduce Placements of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001
Group homes 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6
Institutions 5.5 5.8 6.3 7.1
Other settings 93.0 92.5 92.2 91.2
Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number 13,456 12,251 10,791 9,699

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New York [ State Comment ]

William F. Baccaglini, Director
Strategic Planning & Policy Development
New York State Office of Children and Family Services
518-473-1776

New York's comments on State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 2001: Report to Congress are the following:

New York's SACWIS system, Connections, is partially implemented. Child protective data and facility and resource information are operational. Currently, NCANDS data are being submitted through the SACWIS system; AFCARS data continue to be reported through the legacy systems and are unable to meet some reporting requirements. Significant efforts are being made to support the production of outcome measures until full SACWIS implementation. Data to support the reporting of the outcomes will be enhanced in future submissions. For Outcome Measure 3.2, the SACWIS functionality that supports this reporting is not yet operational.

NYS objects to the use of outcome measures presented in this report to construct national standards for the Child and Family Services Review, against which state performance is judged. Comparisons across states on these outcome measures are invalidated by extensive inter-state variation in the way events and populations are defined and counted, in case volume and composition, and in data quality. In addition, many states concede that the data submitted to support the standards is flawed. OCFS does not believe that the federal measures of "time to reunification" and "time to adoption" will accurately reflect the progress anticipated in New York over the next two years because of the exit cohort methodology used for these measures. Efforts to reduce a backlog of cases in foster care for an extended period can actually increase time to reunification or adoption among exit cohorts because the cohorts discharged after this programmatic shift contain a higher concentration of children who had been in foster care a long time.

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New York [ Federal Comment ]

The following discussion focuses on New York's performance with regard to each of the outcomes assessed in the Child Welfare Outcomes Annual Reports to Congress. The New York Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) was completed in fiscal year (FY) 2001, and compliance with the national standards was based on data from 1999. The final report for that review is available from Reports and Results of the Child and Family Service Reviews (CFSRs) . A discussion of the implications of CFSR findings for New York's performance on the Report to Congress Outcomes is provided in Child Welfare Outcomes 2000.

The State's performance is assessed by examining the percent change in the data for each outcome measure from 1999 to 2001. The percent change was calculated using data carried out to the second decimal point. However, with the exception of outcome measure 2.1, the data presented in the Report to Congress are rounded to one decimal for ease of reading the tables (measure 2.1 must be presented as two decimals because the national standard is less than one percent).

Outcome 1. Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect
In calendar year (CY) 2001, the rate of maltreatment recurrence in 6 months was 14.1 percent, which is higher than the national standard of 6.1 percent or less and was the highest rate reported nationally. According to information provided in the CFSR Final Report, the State believes that the actual maltreatment recurrence rate is lower than the reported rate because the State's information system records all maltreatment reports as new reports, even if they involve the same incident. Performance on this measure did not change substantively from 1999 to 2001.

Outcome 2. Reduce incidence of maltreatment in foster care
In CY 2001, the incidence of maltreatment in foster care was 0.98 percent, which is higher than the national standard of 0.57 percent or less and the national median of 0.47 percent. Performance on this measure improved from 1999 to 2001 (-13.0 percent change).

Outcome 3. Increase permanency for children in foster care
In FY 2001, 86.1 percent of children exiting foster care were discharged to permanent homes, which exceeds the national median of 85.3 percent. However, only 71.6 percent of children exiting foster care who were older than age 12 at entry into foster care were discharged to permanent homes, which is lower than the national median of 72.3 percent. In addition, 44.6 percent of the children exiting foster care through emancipation were age 12 or younger at the time of entry into care, which is higher than the national median of 28.0 percent. These data suggest that the State is not consistently successful in attaining permanency for children in foster care and ensuring that children do not "grow up" in foster care. There was no substantive change on any of these measures from FY 1999 to FY 2001.

Outcome 4. Reduce time to reunification without increasing re-entry
In FY 2001, the percentage of all reunifications occurring within 12 months of children's entry into foster care was 48.9, which is lower than the national standard of 76.2 percent or more and the national median of 69.2 percent. New York's performance on this measure declined from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (-10.6 percent change).

Also in FY 2001, the percentage of children re-entering foster care within 12 months of discharge from a prior foster care episode was 10.6, which is higher than the national standard of 8.6 percent or less and slightly higher than the national median of 10.4 percent. Performance on this measure declined continuously from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (+22.7 percent change).

Outcome 5. Reduce time in foster care to adoption
In FY 2001, the percentage of all finalized adoptions occurring within 24 months of a child's entry into foster care was 5.8, which does not meet the national standard of 32.0 percent or more and is less than the national median of 21.0 percent. New York exhibited improvement in performance from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (+94.3 percent change).

Outcome 6. Increase placement stability
In FY 2001, the percentage of children who experienced no more than 2 placements during their first 12 months in foster care was 91.6, which exceeds both the national median of 83.3 percent and the national standard of 86.7 percent or more. New York's performance on this measure did not change substantively from FY 1999 to FY 2001.

Outcome 7. Reduce placements of young children in group homes and institutions
In FY 2001, the percentage of children age 12 or younger placed in a group home or institution was 8.7, which is equal to the national median. Performance on this measure declined from FY 1999 to FY 2001 (+17.2 percent change).

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