Pennsylvania
Context Data | Outcomes Data | State Comment | Federal Comment
Pennsylvania [ Context Data ]
A. Key Context Statistics
|
General Population |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Total children under 18 years |
2,859,828 |
2,852,520 |
2,922,221 |
2,880,499 |
|
Race/ethnicity (%)1 |
||||
|
Alaska Native/American Indian |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
Asian |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
2.0 |
|
Asian/Pacific Islander |
2.0 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
N/A |
|
Black |
12.1 |
12.2 |
12.7 |
13.0 |
|
Hawaiian Native/Other Pacific Islander |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
0.0 |
|
Hispanic |
4.1 |
4.3 |
5.1 |
5.2 |
|
White |
81.6 |
81.3 |
78.2 |
78.1 |
|
Two or more races |
N/A |
N/A |
1.8 |
1.6 |
|
Other |
N/A |
N/A |
0.2 |
N/A |
|
% Child population in poverty |
17.9 |
12.8 |
10.6 |
14.0 |
|
% Child population living in metropolitan areas |
84.8 |
90.0 |
84.8 |
84.1 |
|
Child Welfare |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Child maltreatment victims |
5,392 |
5,076 |
5,002 |
4,784 |
|
Children in foster care on 9/30 |
23,070 |
22,690 |
21,631 |
21,237 |
|
Children adopted |
1,516 |
1,454 |
1,712 |
1,564 |
1 The 2000 Census of the United States includes two new race catagories: (1) Persons of two or more races and (2) Other. Back
B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS)
|
|
Number |
Rate |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maltreatment Information Overview |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment |
22,589 |
22,437 |
22,694 |
23,012 |
7.9 per 1,000 |
7.9 per 1,000 |
7.8 per 1,000 |
7.9 per 1,000 |
|
Child maltreatment victims2 |
5,392 |
5,076 |
5,002 |
4,784 |
1.9 per 1,000 |
1.8 per 1,000 |
1.7 per 1,000 |
1.6 per 1,000 |
|
Child fatalities |
52 |
50 |
38 |
47 |
1.8 per 100,000 |
1.8 per 100,000 |
1.3 per 100,000 |
1.6 per 100,000 |
|
Age of Child Victims (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Under 1 year |
3.1 |
0.6 |
5.6 |
5.4 |
|
1-5 years |
22.5 |
21.0 |
21.5 |
21.1 |
|
6-10 years |
30.5 |
28.3 |
29.4 |
29.5 |
|
11-15 years |
32.1 |
32.5 |
32.8 |
33.5 |
|
16+ years |
11.8 |
17.6 |
10.5 |
10.5 |
|
Unknown |
- |
- |
0.2 |
- |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
5,392 |
5,076 |
5,002 |
4,784 |
|
Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Alaska Native/American Indian |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Asian/Pacific Islander |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Black |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Hispanic |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
White |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Two or more races |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Other/Unknown |
- |
- |
- |
100.0 |
|
Total %3 |
- |
- |
- |
100.0 |
|
Number |
- |
- |
- |
4,784 |
|
Maltreatment Type of Child Victims (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Emotional abuse |
1.9 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
|
Medical neglect |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
|
Neglect |
3.8 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
|
Physical abuse |
41.1 |
62.1 |
37.6 |
37.9 |
|
Sexual abuse |
46.4 |
80.4 |
49.9 |
48.6 |
|
Other |
5.8 |
1.8 |
6.3 |
6.4 |
|
Unknown |
- |
- |
0.0 |
1.0 |
|
Total %4 |
101.8 |
152.5 |
102.5 |
102.2 |
|
Number |
5,392 |
5,076 |
5,002 |
4,784 |
2 Children with more
than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be
counted more than once. Back
3 Percentages may total
more than 100 percent because Hispanics may be counted both by
Hispanic ethnicity and by race. Back
4 Percentages may total
more than 100 percent because children could have been victims of
more than one type of maltreatment. Back
C. Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)
|
Number of Children |
In Care on 10/1 |
Entered Care |
Exited Care |
In Care on 9/30 |
Total Served |
|
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98) |
20,983 |
13,019 |
10,933 |
23,070 |
34,002 |
|
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99) |
21,809 |
13,299 |
12,419 |
22,690 |
35,108 |
|
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00) |
21,322 |
12,235 |
11,926 |
21,631 |
33,557 |
|
FY2001 (10/1/00-9/30/01) |
20,544 |
12,420 |
11,730 |
21,237 |
32,964 |
|
Median Length of Stay (Months) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
FY1998 (10/1/97-9/30/98) |
23.6 |
N/A |
10.4 |
19.6 |
N/A |
|
FY1999 (10/1/98-9/30/99) |
20.5 |
N/A |
10.3 |
19.2 |
N/A |
|
FY2000 (10/1/99-9/30/00) |
20.3 |
N/A |
10.5 |
19.9 |
N/A |
|
FY2001 (10/1/00-9/30/01) |
20.8 |
N/A |
9.9 |
20.1 |
N/A |
|
Age of Children in Foster Care (%) |
In Care on 10/1/97 |
In Care on 10/1/98 |
In Care on 10/1/99 |
In Care on 10/1/00 |
Entered Care During FY 1998 |
Entered Care During FY 1999 |
Entered Care During FY 2000 |
Entered Care During FY 2001 |
Exited Care During FY 1998 |
Exited Care During FY 1999 |
Exited Care During FY 2000 |
Exited Care During FY 2001 |
In Care on 9/30/98 |
In Care on 9/30/99 |
In Care on 9/30/00 |
In Care on 9/30/01 |
|
Under 1 year |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
11.4 |
10.7 |
10.6 |
10.1 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
|
1-5 years |
22.8 |
21.1 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
18.8 |
18.8 |
18.5 |
16.7 |
20.0 |
18.9 |
18.6 |
18.5 |
21.3 |
20.5 |
20.5 |
19.4 |
|
6-10 years |
25.0 |
23.9 |
24.2 |
23.6 |
16.2 |
16.8 |
17.0 |
15.8 |
17.6 |
16.7 |
17.5 |
16.8 |
23.3 |
23.4 |
23.3 |
21.5 |
|
11-15 years |
30.0 |
30.7 |
31.6 |
33.1 |
34.4 |
34.6 |
36.2 |
38.3 |
27.3 |
26.9 |
27.7 |
29.5 |
30.3 |
31.3 |
33.1 |
34.1 |
|
16-18 years |
17.5 |
19.5 |
18.3 |
18.4 |
19.1 |
18.9 |
17.6 |
19.0 |
29.2 |
31.6 |
30.1 |
29.0 |
19.5 |
19.3 |
18.4 |
20.1 |
|
19+ years |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
|
Unknown |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
20,983 |
21,809 |
21,322 |
20,544 |
13,019 |
13,299 |
12,235 |
12,420 |
10,933 |
12,419 |
11,926 |
11,730 |
23,070 |
22,690 |
21,631 |
21,237 |
|
Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)5 |
In Care on 10/1/97 |
In Care on 10/1/98 |
In Care on 10/1/99 |
In Care on 10/1/00 |
Entered Care During FY 1998 |
Entered Care During FY 1999 |
Entered Care During FY 2000 |
Entered Care During FY 2001 |
Exited Care During FY 1998 |
Exited Care During FY 1999 |
Exited Care During FY 2000 |
Exited Care During FY 2001 |
In Care on 9/30/98 |
In Care on 9/30/99 |
In Care on 9/30/00 |
In Care on 9/30/01 |
|
Alaska Native/American Indian |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
Asian |
- |
- |
0.5 |
0.4 |
- |
- |
0.3 |
0.6 |
- |
- |
0.5 |
0.6 |
- |
- |
0.4 |
0.4 |
|
Asian/Pacific Islander |
0.4 |
0.5 |
- |
- |
0.7 |
0.7 |
- |
- |
0.5 |
0.7 |
- |
- |
0.6 |
0.5 |
- |
- |
|
Black |
54.5 |
52.4 |
53.3 |
52.4 |
41.4 |
40.9 |
40.2 |
38.8 |
43.8 |
42.6 |
42.9 |
41.3 |
52.2 |
51.0 |
51.6 |
50.6 |
|
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Hispanic |
9.7 |
10.7 |
8.5 |
8.9 |
11.0 |
11.1 |
9.2 |
9.5 |
9.6 |
10.5 |
8.2 |
9.2 |
10.5 |
11.0 |
9.1 |
9.2 |
|
White |
34.8 |
36.0 |
37.3 |
37.7 |
46.3 |
46.9 |
49.4 |
50.2 |
45.5 |
45.6 |
47.7 |
48.2 |
36.2 |
37.1 |
38.4 |
39.2 |
|
Two or more races |
- |
- |
- |
0.0 |
- |
- |
0.1 |
0.2 |
- |
- |
0.0 |
0.1 |
- |
- |
0.0 |
0.1 |
|
Unknown |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
20,983 |
21,809 |
21,322 |
20,544 |
13,019 |
13,299 |
12,235 |
12,420 |
10,933 |
12,419 |
11,926 |
11,730 |
23,070 |
22,690 |
21,631 |
21,237 |
5 In this and subsequent race/ethnicity tables, data for two or more races may be provided for 1998 and 1999 because of States' resubmissions. However, data for 1998 and 1999 may not capture all children of two or more races and therefore may not be comparable to the 2000 data pertaining to two or more races. Back
D. Children Waiting to Be Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)6
|
Overview |
9/30/98 |
9/30/99 |
9/30/00 |
9/30/01 |
|
Children waiting to be adopted |
4,768 |
4,891 |
5,210 |
4,808 |
|
Children whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR) |
739 |
846 |
1,008 |
942 |
|
Age of Waiting Children (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Under 1 year |
2.6 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
1-5 years |
35.9 |
32.1 |
30.6 |
30.3 |
|
6-10 years |
37.2 |
37.5 |
36.7 |
35.1 |
|
11-15 years |
20.7 |
24.1 |
26.4 |
27.7 |
|
16+ years |
3.3 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
4.8 |
|
Unknown |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
4,768 |
4,891 |
5,210 |
4,808 |
|
Race/Ethnicity of Waiting Children (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Alaska Native/American Indian |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
Asian |
- |
- |
0.5 |
0.4 |
|
Asian/Pacific Islander |
0.4 |
0.5 |
- |
- |
|
Black |
58.2 |
54.3 |
57.2 |
55.7 |
|
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Hispanic |
11.1 |
12.4 |
9.5 |
10.3 |
|
White |
29.7 |
32.4 |
32.3 |
33.0 |
|
Two or more races |
- |
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Unknown |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
4,768 |
4,891 |
5,210 |
4,808 |
6 Waiting children are children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parentsÂ’ rights have been terminated. Children 16 years and older with TPR, but with a goal of emancipation, have been excluded from the waiting children and TPR populations. Back
E. Children Adopted
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)
|
Age of Adopted Children (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Under 1 year |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.9 |
|
1-5 years |
44.2 |
43.6 |
40.3 |
43.0 |
|
6-10 years |
38.9 |
38.2 |
38.5 |
33.4 |
|
11-15 years |
14.2 |
14.9 |
18.0 |
19.4 |
|
16+ years |
2.0 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
|
Unknown |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
1,516 |
1,454 |
1,712 |
1,564 |
|
Race/Ethnicity of Adopted Children (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Alaska Native/American Indian |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
Asian |
- |
- |
0.2 |
0.6 |
|
Asian/Pacific Islander |
0.2 |
0.1 |
- |
- |
|
Black |
62.1 |
57.4 |
55.6 |
45.7 |
|
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Hispanic |
4.6 |
4.7 |
6.5 |
9.1 |
|
White |
30.3 |
36.5 |
37.0 |
44.1 |
|
Two or more races |
- |
- |
- |
0.2 |
|
Unknown |
2.7 |
1.2 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
1,516 |
1,454 |
1,712 |
1,564 |
Pennsylvania [ Outcomes Data ]
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect
(NCANDS)
|
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Children without a recurrence |
97.2 |
97.5 |
96.5 |
97.2 |
|
Children with one or more recurrences |
2.8 |
2.5 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
2,755 |
2,522 |
2,606 |
2,421 |
2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster
Care
(NCANDS, AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database Jan —Sept)
|
2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Children maltreated while in foster care |
- |
- |
0.2 |
0.24 |
|
Children not maltreated while in foster care |
- |
- |
99.70 |
99.76 |
|
Total % |
- |
- |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
- |
- |
30,739 |
30,568 |
3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care
(AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)
|
3.1 Exits from Foster Care (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Adoption |
12.1 |
12.4 |
13.9 |
14.9 |
|
Guardianship |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
|
Reunification |
70.9 |
71.2 |
70.8 |
67.8 |
|
Other |
15.4 |
15.0 |
14.0 |
15.8 |
|
Missing data |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
10,933 |
12,419 |
11,926 |
11,730 |
|
3.2 Exits of Disabled Children (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Adoption |
14.9 |
16.7 |
19.4 |
20.5 |
|
Guardianship |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
|
Reunification |
64.8 |
60.3 |
58.7 |
54.8 |
|
Other |
18.9 |
21.6 |
20.0 |
23.0 |
|
Missing data |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
2,035 |
2,526 |
2,396 |
2,317 |
|
3.3 Exits of Children Over Age 12 at Entry (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Adoption |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
|
Guardianship |
1.1 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
|
Reunification |
75.9 |
77.0 |
77.6 |
74.1 |
|
Other |
21.8 |
21.3 |
20.6 |
23.9 |
|
Missing data |
1.0 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
4,688 |
5,761 |
5,295 |
5,251 |
|
3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%) |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Children age 12 or younger at entry |
33.8 |
30.6 |
31.5 |
32.9 |
|
Children older than 12 at entry |
66.1 |
68.9 |
68.5 |
67.1 |
|
Missing data |
0.2 |
0.4 |
- |
- |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Number |
634 |
702 |
688 |
680 |
|
3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%) |
Alaska Native/A.I. |
Asian |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
Black |
Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Adoption |
9.1 |
- |
12.5 |
18.2 |
- |
- |
6.6 |
15.1 |
7.8 |
3.3 |
- |
- |
16.0 |
16.4 |
17.1 |
17.3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Guardianship |
- |
- |
12.5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4.1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Reunification |
81.8 |
87.5 |
75.0 |
63.6 |
- |
- |
68.9 |
60.3 |
62.7 |
71.7 |
- |
- |
63.8 |
64.2 |
64.6 |
60.7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Other |
9.1 |
12.5 |
- |
18.2 |
- |
- |
24.6 |
20.5 |
27.5 |
25.0 |
- |
- |
18.3 |
17.9 |
16.7 |
20.3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Missing data |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2.0 |
- |
- |
- |
1.0 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
- |
- |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
- |
- |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Number |
11 |
16 |
8 |
11 |
- |
- |
61 |
73 |
51 |
92 |
- |
- |
4,793 |
5,296 |
5,116 |
4,839 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
Hispanic |
White |
Unable to Determine |
Two or More Races |
Missing Data |
|||||||||||||||
|
|
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
|
Adoption |
12.4 |
10.0 |
13.8 |
13.9 |
8.4 |
9.5 |
11.1 |
13.2 |
5.3 |
13.3 |
14.5 |
6.0 |
- |
- |
- |
20.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Guardianship |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1.8 |
2.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Reunification |
64.3 |
68.9 |
68.3 |
64.0 |
79.2 |
78.2 |
76.8 |
74.4 |
82.5 |
77.8 |
73.7 |
85.1 |
- |
- |
100.0 |
80.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Other |
21.1 |
19.5 |
16.7 |
20.2 |
11.3 |
11.2 |
11.1 |
11.3 |
10.5 |
6.7 |
10.5 |
9.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Missing data |
1.1 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
- |
- |
1.3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Total % |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
- |
- |
100.0 |
100.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |