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Home > Statistics & Research > Child Welfare Outcomes 2002 > Chapter Six > Montana

Montana

Context Data | Outcomes Data | Federal Comment

Montana [ Context Data ]

A. Key Context Statistics

General Population (Census Bureau) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total children under 18 years 223,819 223,630 220,254 216,320 Race/ethnicity (%)1, 2         Alaska Native/American Indian 10.4 9.2 9.4 9.6 Asian N/A 0.6 0.6 0.6 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.8 N/A N/A N/A Black 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A N/A 0 0 Hispanic 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 White 85.7 83.9 83.8 83.5 Two or more races N/A 2.6 2.4 2.4 Other N/A 0 0 0 % Child population in poverty 22 24.6 16.4 18 Child Welfare Summary 1999 2000 2002 2002 Child maltreatment victims3 3,414 2,431 1,935 1,995 Children in foster care on 9/30 2,156 2,180 2,008 1,912 Children adopted 187 238 275 247

1The convention for the data tables is the following: N/A in the data table means that the category was not applicable for the specific year. A dash (-) means that there is "no value" or the category is a true zero (that is, no children were reported as being in that category). A zero (0) means that there is a value for the category, but the value is less than 0.1 percent.Back

2The multiple and overlapping race categories in this and subsequent race tables are due to changes in the Census Bureau categories beginning in 2000. Because the reporting of these categories is a relatively new process for States, changes in percentages over time may be due to data quality issues.Back

3A child victim is a child who is the subject of a substantiated or indicated maltreatment report. Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS)

Number Rate Maltreatment Information Overview 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment 20,315 15,788 15,032 17,078 90.8 per 1,000 70.6 per 1,000 68.2 per 1,000 78.9 per 1,000 Child maltreatment victims 3,414 2,431 1,935 1,995 15.3 per 1,000 10.9 per 1,000 8.8 per 1,000 9.2 per 1,000 Child fatalities 4 1 4 4 1.8 per 100,000 0.4 per 100,000 1.8 per 100,000 1.9 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Under 1 Year 7 8.8 9.4 9 1-5 years 31.9 29.1 32.7 33 6-10 years 32 31.5 28 24.9 11-15 years 24.8 24.1 23 24 16+ years 4.2 3.4 3.7 4.8 Unknown / Missing data 0 3.2 3.2 4.3 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 3,414 2,431 1,935 1,995 Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Alaska Native/American Indian 24.9 25.4 21.4 21.8 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 Black 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.3 Hispanic 1.9 2.6 2.4 3.5 White 57.1 52.3 55.1 52.6 Two or more races 16.8 -- 1.9 2.5 Total %4 101.9 100 100 100 Number 3,414 2,431 1,935 1,995 Maltreatment Type of Child Victims (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Emotional Abuse 12.2 16 15.4 0.6 Medical Neglect 2.5 2.7 2 1.7 Neglect 62 43.4 37.3 34.5 Physical Abuse 9.2 44.8 53.2 67.6 Sexual Abuse 9.2 14.8 14.9 10.3 Unknown / Missing data 0 -- -- -- Other 4.9 0.4 1.1 11.2 Total %5 100 122.1 123.9 125.9 Number 3,414 2,431 1,935 1,995

4Percentages may total more than 100 percent because Hispanics may be counted both by Hispanic ethnicity and by race.Back

5Percentages may total more than 100 percent because children could have been victims of more than one type of maltreatment.Back

C. Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Number of Children In Care on 10/1 Entered Care Exited Care In Care on 9/30 Total Served FY1999 (10/1/98 - 9/30/99) 1,891 1,596 1,331 2,156 3,487 FY2000 (10/1/99 - 9/30/00) 1,918 1,588 1,327 2,180 3,506 FY2001 (10/1/00 - 9/30/01) 1,999 1,506 1,497 2,008 3,505 FY2002 (10/1/01 - 9/30/02) 1,886 1,306 1,280 1,912 3,192 Median Length of Stay (Months)   FY1999 (10/1/98 - 9/30/99) 18.6 N/A 4.5 15.6 N/A FY2000 (10/1/99 - 9/30/00) 15.9 N/A 5.1 16 N/A FY2001 (10/1/00 - 9/30/01) 17 N/A 6.3 16.2 N/A FY2002 (10/1/01 - 9/30/02) 17.5 N/A 7.6 16.5 N/A Age of Children in Foster Care (%) In Care On: 10/1/98 In Care On: 10/1/99 In Care On: 10/1/00 In Care On: 10/1/01 Entered Care During FY: 1999 Entered Care During FY: 2000 Entered Care During FY: 2001 Entered Care During FY: 2002 Exited Care During FY: 1999 Exited Care During FY: 2000 Exited Care During FY:2001 Exited Care During FY: 2002 In Care On: 9/30/99 In Care On: 9/30/00 In Care On: 9/30/01 In Care On: 9/30/02 Under 1 Year 5 4.7 4.5 4 13.1 13.7 13 14.2 7.4 7 6.7 5.2 4.6 4.7 4.1 4.8 1-5 years 24.1 24.9 25.7 25.5 27.2 29 30.3 34.9 27 30.4 30.7 32.8 24.3 25.9 25.9 27.7 6-10 years 27.2 27.7 27.3 26.2 26.7 25.8 25.4 21.8 26.1 24 25.5 24.6 26.9 26.7 25.9 24.3 11-15 years 28.8 29.7 29.3 31.7 25.8 23.7 24.6 23.1 22.7 23.4 22 24.2 29.7 28.9 31.2 29.6 16-18 years 14.8 12.9 13 12.6 7.1 7.9 6.7 5.9 15.7 14.5 14.1 12 14.4 13.6 12.6 13.3 19+ years 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 -- -- 1.1 0.7 1 1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 Unknown / Missing data -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number 1,891 1,918 1,999 1,886 1,596 1,588 1,506 1,306 1,331 1,327 1,497 1,280 2,156 2,180 2,008 1,912 Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%) In Care On: 10/1/98 In Care On: 10/1/99 In Care On: 10/1/00 In Care On: 10/1/01 Entered Care During FY: 1999 Entered Care During FY: 2000 Entered Care During FY: 2001 Entered Care During FY: 2002 Exited Care During FY: 1999 Exited Care During FY: 2000 Exited Care During FY:2001 Exited Care During FY: 2002 In Care On: 9/30/99 In Care On: 9/30/00 In Care On: 9/30/01 In Care On: 9/30/02 Alaska Native/American Indian 26.3 29.5 32.7 32.8 31 32.4 30.3 27.9 25.8 27.5 30.6 27.4 30.1 32.8 32.5 33.1 Asian N/A 0.3 0.3 0.2 N/A 0.4 0 0.2 N/A 0.6 0.1 0 N/A 0.2 0.2 0.3 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.4 N/A N/A N/A 0.6 N/A N/A N/A 0.7 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 N/A N/A N/A Black 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.4 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A -- -- -- N/A -- 0 -- N/A -- 0 -- N/A -- -- -- Hispanic 3.1 3.3 4.2 4.1 2.9 4.3 3.9 6 2.9 3.6 4.3 4.7 3.1 3.9 3.9 5.1 White 64.5 61.9 58.3 58.6 59 55.7 55.7 52.1 64.2 61 56.8 57.9 60.6 58 57.5 54.7 Two or more races N/A -- -- 0.5 N/A -- 0.7 3.8 N/A -- 0.2 2.3 N/A -- 0.3 1.6 Unknown / Missing data 3.9 3.4 3 2.6 5.2 5.9 8.2 8 5 5.7 6.2 6.2 4.1 3.8 4.5 3.9 Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number 1,891 1,918 1,999 1,886 1,596 1,588 1,506 1,306 1,331 1,327 1,497 1,280 2,156 2,180 2,008 1,912

D. Children Waiting to be Adopted (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)6

Overview 9/30/99 9/30/00 9/30/01 9/30/02 Children waiting to be adopted 780 854 752 692 Children whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR) 690 717 631 586 Age of Waiting Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Under 1 Year 2.4 3.4 1.9 2.2 1-5 years 24.9 24.7 24.5 23.4 6-10 years 27.8 29.3 29.8 27.2 11-15 years 32.6 31.1 32.2 32.5 16+ years 10.9 10 10.5 12.1 Unknown / Missing data 1.4 1.5 1.2 2.6 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 780 854 752 692 Race/Ethnicity of Waiting Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Alaska Native/American Indian 19 23.4 24.9 25.6 Asian N/A 0.2 0.3 0.3 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.5 N/A N/A N/A Black 2.1 2.6 1.9 2 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A -- -- -- Hispanic 3.8 4.4 4.5 4.5 White 70.3 65.9 65.3 64.2 Two or more races N/A -- -- 1.2 Unknown / Missing data 4.4 3.4 3.2 2.3 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 780 854 752 692

6Waiting children are children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR). Children 16 years and older with TPR, but with a goal of emancipation have been excluded from the waiting children and TPR populations.Back

E. Children Adopted (AFCARS Annual Adoption Database)

Age of Adopted Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Under 1 Year 1.6 1.3 2.5 0.4 1-5 years 46.5 52.5 42.2 44.5 6-10 years 30.5 28.6 32.7 36.4 11-15 years 18.7 15.5 19.3 17.8 16+ years 2.7 2.1 3.3 0.8 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 187 238 275 247 Race/Ethnicity of Adopted Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Alaska Native/American Indian 18.7 14.3 21.8 18.2 Asian N/A 0.4 -- -- Asian/Pacific Islander 1.1 N/A N/A N/A Black 1.1 0.4 3.6 2 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A -- -- -- Hispanic 2.1 6.7 7.3 8.1 White 73.3 71.8 67.3 71.3 Two or more races N/A -- -- 0.4 Unknown / Missing data 3.7 6.3 -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 187 238 275 247

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Montana [ Outcomes Data ]

1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children without a recurrence -- 86.9 89.4 88 Children with one or more recurrences -- 13.1 10.6 12 Total % -- 100 100 100 Number -- 1,112 871 934

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS, AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database Jan-Sept)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children maltreated while in foster care -- 0.2 0.2 0.6 Children not maltreated while in foster care -- 99.8 99.8 99.4 Total % -- 100 100 100 Number -- 3,221 3,116 2,869

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)

3.1 Exits from Foster Care (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 15.4 19.3 19.6 18.8 Guardianship 1.5 2 2.9 6.5 Reunification 60.8 57.5 58.6 59.4 Other 10.4 8.8 9.2 8 Missing data 11.9 12.4 9.8 7.3 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 1,331 1,327 1,497 1,280 Percent Exits from Foster Care 1999 2000 2001 2002   3.2 Exits of Disabled Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 28.2 38.5 39.2 31.6 Guardianship 5.1 1.5 2.4 3.1 Reunification 25.6 29.2 32 36.7 Other 23.1 15.4 19.2 23.5 Missing data 17.9 15.4 7.2 5.1 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 39 65 125 98 3.3 Exits of Children Over Age 12 at Entry (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 0.3 2.2 2.5 0.8 Guardianship 1.6 1.9 1.9 7.2 Reunification 52.5 47.4 46.2 46.6 Other 34 29.9 30.3 28.9 Missing data 11.6 18.7 19.1 16.5 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 318 321 314 249 3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children age 12 or younger at entry 27.3 18.9 34.3 32.9 Children older than 12 at entry 72.7 81.1 65.7 67.1 Missing data -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 99 90 99 82

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%) Alaska Native/A.I. Asian Asian/Pacific Islander Black Native Hawaiian/ Other P.I.   1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 11.4 9.9 13.3 12.5 N/A 12.5 -- -- 22.2 N/A N/A N/A 11.1 9.5 38.5 26.3 N/A -- -- -- Guardianship 1.7 1.4 4.4 10.5 N/A -- -- -- -- N/A N/A N/A -- -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- Reunification 61.8 64.9 62.9 63 N/A 25 50 -- 11.1 N/A N/A N/A 16.7 9.5 19.2 5.3 N/A -- 100 -- Other 4.7 5.2 4.6 3.7 N/A 25 -- -- -- N/A N/A N/A -- 14.3 7.7 5.3 N/A -- -- -- Missing data 20.4 18.6 14.8 10.3 N/A 37.5 50 100 N/A -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 N/A 100 100 100 100 N/A N/A N/A 100 100 100 100 N/A -- 100 -- Number 343 365 458 351 N/A 8 2 1 9 N/A N/A N/A 18 21 26 19 N/A -- 1 --     Hispanic White Unable to Determine Two or More Races Missing Data   1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 10.3 35.4 31.2 30 17 22.9 23.4 23.3 20 19.7 4.3 -- N/A -- -- 3.4 -- -- -- -- Guardianship 2.6 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.4 2.2 1.8 5.4 1.5 2.6 7.5 6.3 N/A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Reunification 66.7 52.1 48.4 55 59.2 54.1 55.5 53.6 67.7 61.8 78.5 88.6 N/A -- 66.7 93.1 100 -- -- -- Other -- 2.1 10.9 3.3 13.7 11 11.5 11.3 3.1 5.3 5.4 2.5 N/A -- 33.3 -- -- -- -- -- Missing data 20.5 8.3 7.8 10 8.8 9.8 7.8 6.3 7.7 10.5 4.3 2.5 N/A -- -- 3.4 -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N/A -- 100 100 100 -- -- -- Number 39 48 64 60 855 809 850 741 65 76 93 79 N/A -- 3 29 2 -- -- --

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Re-entry (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)

4.1 Time to Reunification (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Less than 12 mos. 83.4 87 84.7 80.5 At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 10.8 9.8 10.9 14.2 At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 2.8 1.4 3 3 At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 1 0.8 0.6 0.9 48 or more mos. 2 0.9 0.8 1.3 Missing data -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 809 763 877 760 4.2 Children Who Entered Foster Care (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children entering care for the first time 72 68.5 68.5 69.9 Children re-entering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode 16.8 20.2 19.1 16.1 Children re-entering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode 8.3 8.9 10.6 12.9 Missing data 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.1 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 1,596 1,588 1,506 1,306

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Less than 12 mos. 14.1 10.9 10.2 1.2 At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 19 31.2 21.8 32 At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 32.2 30.5 27.6 28.2 At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 19.5 13.3 19 17.8 48 or more mos. 15.1 13.3 21.4 20.7 Missing data -- 0.8 -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 205 256 294 241

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%) Year Children With 2 or Fewer Placements Children With 2 or Fewer Placements Missing Data Total % Number Less than 12 mos. 1999 81 19 -- 100 1,770 2000 80.8 19.2 -- 100 1,779 2001 81.3 18.7 -- 100 1,746 2002 84.1 15.9 -- 100 1,489 At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 1999 50.4 49.6 -- 100 607 2000 57.5 42.5 -- 100 669 2001 55.2 44.8 -- 100 629 2002 54.6 45.4 -- 100 663 At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 1999 50.3 49.7 -- 100 366 2000 41.7 58.3 -- 100 391 2001 47.3 52.7 -- 100 419 2002 41.5 58.5 -- 100 342 At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 1999 40.1 59.9 -- 100 252 2000 42.9 57.1 -- 100 212 2001 34.6 65.4 -- 100 240 2002 33.3 66.7 -- 100 234 48 or more mos. 1999 37 63 -- 100 487 2000 34.5 65.5 -- 100 452 2001 34.7 65.3 -- 100 470 2002 27.4 72.6 -- 100 463 Missing data 1999 100 -- -- 100 5 2000 100 -- -- 100 3 2001 100 -- -- 100 1 2002 -- 100 -- 100 1

7. Reduce Placements of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Group homes 8.6 11.9 11.8 9.4 Institutions 0.2 1 0.9 0.4 Other settings 91.2 87.1 87.2 90.3 Missing data -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 1,204 1,220 1,166 1,036

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Montana [ Federal Comment ]

The following discussion focuses on Montana’s performance with regard to each of the outcomes assessed in the Child Welfare Outcomes Annual Reports to Congress. The Montana Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) was completed in fiscal year (FY) 2002, and compliance with the national standards was based on data from 2000. The final report for that review is available from the Child Welfare Monitoring Documents Library. A discussion of the implications of CFSR findings for Montana’s performance on the Report to Congress Outcomes is provided in Child Welfare Outcomes 2000.

The Federal Comment includes an examination of State performance in 2002 and the percent change in performance from 1999 to 2002. A difference in percent change from 1999 to 2002 that was less than 5.0 in either direction was considered to represent “no change in performance.” With the exception of outcome measure 2.1, the data presented in the Report to Congress are rounded to one decimal. However, the percent change in performance was calculated using data rounded to two decimals. Measure 2.1 is rounded to two decimals because the national standard is less than one percent. Key findings of the analyses of national data pertaining to State variation in performance on the outcome measures are incorporated into a State’s Federal Comment when relevant.

Outcome 1. Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect
In calendar year (CY) 2002, Montana’s rate of maltreatment recurrence within 6 months was 12.0 percent, which is more than the national standard (6.1 percent or less) and the national median (7.5 percent). Performance on this measure improved from 2000 (which is the first year for which data are reported) to 2002 (-8.4 percent change).

Outcome 2. Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care
In CY 2002, Montana’s incidence of maltreatment in foster care was 0.63 percent, which is more than both the national standard (0.57 percent or less) and the national median (0.39 percent). Change in performance on this measure is difficult to interpret because only 8 children were reported as maltreated in foster care in FY 2000, while 18 children were reported as maltreated in foster care in FY 2002.

Outcome 3. Increase permanency for children in foster care
In FY 2002, 84.7 percent of children exiting foster care in Montana were discharged to a permanent home (which is less than the national median of 86.1 percent); 71.4 percent of children with a diagnosed disability who exited foster care were discharged to a permanent home (which is less than the national median of 79.8 percent); and 54.6 percent of children exiting foster care who were older than age 12 at entry into foster care were discharged to a permanent home (which is less than the national median of 72.0 percent). In addition, 32.9 percent of the children emancipated from foster care were age 12 or younger when they entered foster care, which is more than the national median of 26.9 percent. These findings suggest that the State experiences challenges in achieving permanency for children exiting foster care, particularly children who are age 13 or older when they entered foster care.

Montana’s performance improved from FY 1999 to FY 2002 with regard to: (1) the percentage of all children exiting foster care to a permanent home (+9.0 percent change), and (2) the percentage of children with a diagnosed disability who exited foster care to a permanent home (+21.1 percent change). Performance declined with regard to the percentage of children emancipated from foster care who were age 12 or younger when they entered foster care (+20.7 percent change for measure 3.4).

Outcome 4. Reduce time to reunification without increasing re-entry
In FY 2002, the percentage of all reunifications in Montana occurring within 12 months of a child’s entry into foster care was 80.5, which is more than both the national standard (76.2 percent or more) and the national median (68.0 percent). Performance with regard to reunifications within 12 months exhibited no change from FY 1999 to FY 2002.

Because the cross-State analysis found a substantial positive relationship between State percentages of reunifications within 12 months and the percentage of children entering foster care who were re-entering within 12 months of a prior episode, Montana’s performance in FY 2002 with regard to reunifications within 12 months must be considered in the context of its re-entry rate. For Montana, the percentage of children entering foster care in FY 2002 who were re-entering within 12 months of a discharge from a prior foster care episode was 16.1 percent, which is higher than both the national standard (8.6 percent or less) and the national median (9.9 percent). Thus, although Montana had a high percentage of reunifications in FY 2002 that occurred within 12 months of entry into foster care, the State also had a high percentage of children entering foster care who were re-entering within 12 months of a prior episode. Performance on the measure of foster care re-entry did not change from FY 1999 to FY 2002.

Outcome 5. Reduce time in foster care to adoption
In FY 2002, the percentage of all finalized adoptions occurring within 24 months of a child’s entry into foster care was 33.2, which is more than both the national standard (32.0 percent or more) and the national median (23.0 percent). Change in performance on this measure is assessed from FY 2000 to FY 2002 due to data quality issues for many States for this measure in FY 1999. Montana’s performance on this measure declined from FY 2000 to FY 2004 (-21.3 percent change).

Outcome 6. Increase placement stability
In FY 2002, the percentage of children who experienced no more than 2 placement settings during their first 12 months in foster care was 84.1, which does not meet the national standard (86.7 percent or more), but is equal to the national median (84.1 percent). Performance on this measure did not change from FY 1999 to FY 2002.

Outcome 7. Reduce placements of young children in group homes and institutions
In FY 2002, the percentage of children age 12 or younger placed in a group home or institution was 9.7, which is more than the national median of 8.6 percent. Montana’s performance on this measure declined from FY 1999 to FY 2002 (+10.7 percent change).

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