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Home > Statistics & Research > Child Welfare Outcomes 2002 > Chapter Six > New York

New York

Context Data | Outcomes Data | State Comment | Federal Comment

New York [ Context Data ]

A. Key Context Statistics

General Population (Census Bureau) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total children under 18 years 4,440,924 4,618,595 4,634,371 4,613,251 Race/ethnicity (%)1, 2         Alaska Native/American Indian 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 Asian N/A 5 5.4 5.6 Asian/Pacific Islander 5.8 N/A N/A N/A Black 16.7 17.8 18.2 18.2 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A N/A 0 0 Hispanic 19.5 19 19.6 20 White 57.8 54.6 54.6 53.8 Two or more races N/A 2.6 1.9 2 Other N/A 0.5 0 0 % Child population in poverty 22 19.5 20 20.4 Child Welfare Summary 1999 2000 2002 2002 Child maltreatment victims3 64,045 74,065 77,860 79,049 Children in foster care on 9/30 51,159 47,118 43,365 40,753 Children adopted 4,864 4,234 3,934 3,791

1The convention for the data tables is the following: N/A in the data table means that the category was not applicable for the specific year. A dash (-) means that there is "no value" or the category is a true zero (that is, no children were reported as being in that category). A zero (0) means that there is a value for the category, but the value is less than 0.1 percent.Back

2The multiple and overlapping race categories in this and subsequent race tables are due to changes in the Census Bureau categories beginning in 2000. Because the reporting of these categories is a relatively new process for States, changes in percentages over time may be due to data quality issues.Back

3A child victim is a child who is the subject of a substantiated or indicated maltreatment report. Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS)

Number Rate Maltreatment Information Overview 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment 186,002 230,449 251,164 262,643 41.9 per 1,000 49.9 per 1,000 54.2 per 1,000 56.9 per 1,000 Child maltreatment victims 64,045 74,065 77,860 79,049 14.4 per 1,000 16.0 per 1,000 16.8 per 1,000 17.1 per 1,000 Child fatalities 79 79 78 68 1.8 per 100,000 1.7 per 100,000 1.7 per 100,000 1.5 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Under 1 Year 5.1 9.1 8.8 8.3 1-5 years 26.2 27.4 27.7 27.3 6-10 years 29.7 30.6 30.8 29.3 11-15 years 25.3 27 27.1 28.5 16+ years 9.2 5.8 5.6 6.4 Unknown / Missing data 4.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 64,045 74,065 77,860 79,049 Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Alaska Native/American Indian 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.4 Black 31 32.3 31.3 29 Hispanic 18.4 18 18.4 18.9 White 38 41.5 42.2 41.2 Two or more races 22.7 -- -- 2.6 Total %4 118.4 100 100 100 Number 64,045 74,065 77,860 79,049 Maltreatment Type of Child Victims (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Emotional Abuse 1.7 1.1 1.1 1 Medical Neglect 6.2 3.7 3.6 3.7 Neglect 23.3 89.5 90 90.1 Physical Abuse 24.8 13.9 13 12.9 Sexual Abuse 5.6 4.1 3.8 4 Unknown / Missing data 0 -- -- -- Other 182.9 22.8 24.3 24.5 Total %5 244.6 135.1 135.8 136.2 Number 64,045 74,065 77,860 79,049

4Percentages may total more than 100 percent because Hispanics may be counted both by Hispanic ethnicity and by race.Back

5Percentages may total more than 100 percent because children could have been victims of more than one type of maltreatment.Back

C. Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Number of Children In Care on 10/1 Entered Care Exited Care In Care on 9/30 Total Served FY1999 (10/1/98 - 9/30/99) 53,483 18,172 20,497 51,159 71,655 FY2000 (10/1/99 - 9/30/00) 50,847 16,605 20,337 47,118 67,452 FY2001 (10/1/00 - 9/30/01) 46,932 15,135 18,703 43,365 62,067 FY2002 (10/1/01 - 9/30/02) 43,228 15,432 17,970 40,753 58,660 Median Length of Stay (Months)   FY1999 (10/1/98 - 9/30/99) 28.7 N/A 22.5 28.3 N/A FY2000 (10/1/99 - 9/30/00) 28.6 N/A 22.4 29.9 N/A FY2001 (10/1/00 - 9/30/01) 30.3 N/A 23.3 30.9 N/A FY2002 (10/1/01 - 9/30/02) 30.3 N/A 21.7 28.5 N/A Age of Children in Foster Care (%) In Care On: 10/1/98 In Care On: 10/1/99 In Care On: 10/1/00 In Care On: 10/1/01 Entered Care During FY: 1999 Entered Care During FY: 2000 Entered Care During FY: 2001 Entered Care During FY: 2002 Exited Care During FY: 1999 Exited Care During FY: 2000 Exited Care During FY:2001 Exited Care During FY: 2002 In Care On: 9/30/99 In Care On: 9/30/00 In Care On: 9/30/01 In Care On: 9/30/02 Under 1 Year 3.6 3.4 3.1 2.9 15.4 14.8 14 13.4 3.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.9 1-5 years 26.7 26.1 25.3 23.8 22.9 22.2 21.8 21.2 21.6 22.1 23.2 21.4 26.1 25.4 24.2 23 6-10 years 27.8 27.1 26.1 24.2 21.2 20 19.9 18.9 24.6 24 23.4 21.4 27.2 26.1 24.7 23.1 11-15 years 25.8 26.6 27.6 28.8 33.7 35.9 36.4 37.4 26.3 26.8 26.8 27.4 27.1 28.1 29 29.6 16-18 years 13.1 13.5 14.1 15.9 6.7 7.1 7.9 8.9 18.3 18.2 17.4 19 13.2 13.8 14.9 16.8 19+ years 3 3.2 3.7 4.4 0 0 0.1 0.1 5.6 4.8 5 7.2 2.9 3.4 4.1 4.5 Unknown / Missing data 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number 53,483 50,847 46,932 43,228 18,172 16,605 15,135 15,432 20,497 20,337 18,703 17,970 51,159 47,118 43,365 40,753 Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%) In Care On: 10/1/98 In Care On: 10/1/99 In Care On: 10/1/00 In Care On: 10/1/01 Entered Care During FY: 1999 Entered Care During FY: 2000 Entered Care During FY: 2001 Entered Care During FY: 2002 Exited Care During FY: 1999 Exited Care During FY: 2000 Exited Care During FY:2001 Exited Care During FY: 2002 In Care On: 9/30/99 In Care On: 9/30/00 In Care On: 9/30/01 In Care On: 9/30/02 Alaska Native/American Indian 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Asian N/A 0.3 0.3 0.4 N/A 0.6 0.8 0.6 N/A 0.5 0.5 0.6 N/A 0.3 0.4 0.4 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.2 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 N/A N/A N/A 0.3 N/A N/A N/A 0.3 N/A N/A N/A Black 46.6 44.9 44.6 46.6 33.8 38.8 43 44.7 40.1 40.3 40.9 42 44.7 44.7 45.7 47.9 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- Hispanic 15 15.3 15.7 16.9 13.6 15.8 19.7 19.9 13.5 14.7 17 17.5 15.1 15.7 16.5 17.7 White 13.5 13.9 15 16.5 23.2 25 27.7 26.8 20.5 20.3 21.5 22.2 14.1 15.1 16.6 17.8 Two or more races N/A -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- Unknown / Missing data 24.5 25.4 24.1 19.5 28.6 19.4 8.5 7.5 25.3 23.9 19.8 17.4 25.7 24 20.5 15.9 Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number 53,483 50,847 46,932 43,228 18,172 16,605 15,135 15,432 20,497 20,337 18,703 17,970 51,159 47,118 43,365 40,753

D. Children Waiting to be Adopted (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)6

Overview 9/30/99 9/30/00 9/30/01 9/30/02 Children waiting to be adopted 18,762 17,325 14,840 14,760 Children whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR) 14,707 12,519 8,559 10,622 Age of Waiting Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Under 1 Year 2.4 1.6 0.6 1.1 1-5 years 31.9 31.6 30 30.2 6-10 years 35.5 35.3 34.5 32.9 11-15 years 26.4 27.8 30 30.4 16+ years 2.8 2.8 3.5 4.1 Unknown / Missing data 1 1 1.3 1.3 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 18,762 17,325 14,840 14,760 Race/Ethnicity of Waiting Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Alaska Native/American Indian 0 0 0 0.1 Asian N/A 0.2 0.2 0.3 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.2 N/A N/A N/A Black 48.7 47.9 48.2 48.8 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A -- -- -- Hispanic 14.3 14.8 15.3 15.7 White 11.5 11.8 11.2 14 Two or more races N/A -- -- -- Unknown / Missing data 25.3 25.1 25 21.1 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 18,762 17,325 14,840 14,760

6Waiting children are children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR). Children 16 years and older with TPR, but with a goal of emancipation have been excluded from the waiting children and TPR populations.Back

E. Children Adopted (AFCARS Annual Adoption Database)

Age of Adopted Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Under 1 Year 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 1-5 years 28.4 31.6 34.2 33 6-10 years 41.4 38.1 36.7 37.2 11-15 years 25.3 25.6 24.7 24.8 16+ years 4.7 4.3 3.9 4.5 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 4,864 4,234 3,934 3,791 Race/Ethnicity of Adopted Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Alaska Native/American Indian 0 0 0.2 0 Asian N/A 0.2 0.1 0.2 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.1 N/A N/A N/A Black 50.3 46.5 46.3 45.4 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A -- -- -- Hispanic 13.6 12.5 13.9 14.6 White 10.5 11.8 13 15 Two or more races N/A -- -- -- Unknown / Missing data 25.4 28.9 26.5 24.7 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 4,864 4,234 3,934 3,791

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New York [ Outcomes Data ]

1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children without a recurrence 86.5 87.1 85.9 86.3 Children with one or more recurrences 13.5 12.9 14.1 13.7 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 33,687 32,876 34,768 34,528

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS, AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database Jan-Sept)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children maltreated while in foster care 1.1 0.8 1 0.9 Children not maltreated while in foster care 98.9 99.2 99 99.1 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 66,252 62,873 57,405 54,375

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)

3.1 Exits from Foster Care (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 23.7 20.8 21 21.1 Guardianship -- -- -- -- Reunification 60.7 63.5 65.1 63.1 Other 12.7 13.4 11.7 13.5 Missing data 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.2 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 20,497 20,337 18,703 17,970 Percent Exits from Foster Care 1999 2000 2001 2002   3.2 Exits of Disabled Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption -- -- -- -- Guardianship -- -- -- -- Reunification -- -- -- -- Other -- -- -- -- Missing data -- -- -- -- Total % -- -- -- -- Number         3.3 Exits of Children Over Age 12 at Entry (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 Guardianship -- -- -- -- Reunification 68.5 66.6 70.9 68.8 Other 27.2 29.4 25.3 27.1 Missing data 4 3.5 3.1 3.4 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 5,773 5,743 5,275 5,519 3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children age 12 or younger at entry 46.7 46 44.6 44.5 Children older than 12 at entry 53.2 53.9 55.4 53.7 Missing data 0.1 0.1 -- 1.8 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 1,543 1,568 1,324 1,498

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%) Alaska Native/A.I. Asian Asian/Pacific Islander Black Native Hawaiian/ Other P.I.   1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 6.1 6.6 10.2 1.8 N/A 8.6 5.3 8.5 9.2 N/A N/A N/A 29.8 24 23.8 22.8 N/A -- -- -- Guardianship -- -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- -- N/A N/A N/A -- -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- Reunification 79.6 86.9 83.1 85.5 N/A 74.2 80.9 67 15.4 N/A N/A N/A 14 13.7 12.8 14.6 N/A -- -- -- Other 8.2 6.6 5.1 10.9 N/A 16.1 11.7 21.7 1.5 N/A N/A N/A 2.9 2.2 2 2.1 N/A -- -- -- Missing data 6.1 -- 1.7 1.8 N/A 1.1 2.1 2.8 N/A -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 N/A 100 100 100 100 N/A N/A N/A 100 100 100 100 N/A -- -- -- Number 49 61 59 55 N/A 93 94 106 65 N/A N/A N/A 8,212 8,201 7,643 7,548 N/A -- -- --     Hispanic White Unable to Determine Two or More Races Missing Data   1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 23.8 17.8 17.1 17.6 12.1 12 12.7 14.2 23.8 25.1 28.1 30 N/A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Guardianship -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Reunification 60 67.5 70.8 66.4 75.5 74.6 75.2 74.1 60.4 56.9 56.4 52 N/A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Other 12.8 12 10 13.2 10.1 11.1 10.1 10 12.9 15.8 12.8 15.5 N/A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Missing data 3.4 2.6 2.2 2.7 2.2 2.3 2 1.8 3 2.2 2.7 2.5 N/A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N/A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Number 2,777 2,983 3,180 3,140 4,203 4,138 4,029 3,997 5,191 4,861 3,698 3,124 N/A -- -- -- -- -- -- --

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Re-entry (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)

4.1 Time to Reunification (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Less than 12 mos. 54.7 49.7 48.9 53.3 At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 19.9 20.5 20 19.9 At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 10.7 11.2 11.9 9.4 At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 4.5 6.6 7.3 6.4 48 or more mos. 9.7 10.4 10.4 10.7 Missing data 0.5 1.6 1.6 0.3 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 12,439 12,914 12,181 11,347 4.2 Children Who Entered Foster Care (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children entering care for the first time 78.8 78.5 76.7 76.2 Children re-entering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode 8.7 9.3 10.6 10.2 Children re-entering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode 12.5 12.2 12.6 13.6 Missing data 0 0 0.1 0.1 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 18,172 16,605 15,135 15,432

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Less than 12 mos. 0.5 0.7 1.3 0.9 At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 2.5 3.9 4.5 4.3 At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 10.1 11.4 12.5 13.6 At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 11.7 15.8 17.8 17.5 48 or more mos. 75.2 68.2 64 63.5 Missing data 0 0 -- 0.2 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 4,860 4,230 3,926 3,790

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%) Year Children With 2 or Fewer Placements Children With 2 or Fewer Placements Missing Data Total % Number Less than 12 mos. 1999 88.9 9.7 1.4 100 20,348 2000 90.8 9.2 -- 100 18,660 2001 91.6 8.4 -- 100 17,120 2002 91.4 8.6 -- 100 17,593 At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 1999 74.5 25.5 -- 100 12,833 2000 75.5 24 0.5 100 11,607 2001 75.3 24.1 0.6 100 10,360 2002 76.3 23.7 -- 100 9,971 At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 1999 65.5 34.5 -- 100 9,435 2000 65.3 33.5 1.2 100 9,426 2001 66.7 31.9 1.4 100 8,097 2002 66.9 33.1 -- 100 7,106 At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 1999 57.9 42.1 -- 100 6,697 2000 58.5 40.1 1.4 100 7,071 2001 59.3 39.1 1.7 100 6,896 2002 61.7 38.3 -- 100 5,813 48 or more mos. 1999 44 56 -- 100 22,197 2000 44 55.1 0.9 100 20,419 2001 43.2 55.6 1.1 100 19,354 2002 42.5 57.5 -- 100 18,113 Missing data 1999 93.1 6.9 -- 100 145 2000 96.3 3.7 -- 100 269 2001 95.8 4.2 -- 100 240 2002 100 -- -- 100 64

7. Reduce Placements of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Group homes 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.9 Institutions 5.8 6.3 7.1 6.4 Other settings 92.5 92.2 91.2 91.1 Missing data 0 0 0 0.5 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 12,251 10,791 9,699 9,551

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New York [ State Comment ]

Nancy W. Martinez, Acting Director
Strategic Planning and Policy Development
New York State Office of Children and Family Services
518-473-7793

The following are New York’s comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 2002: Report to Congress:

New York’s State Automated Child Welfare Information System (SACWIS), CONNECTIONS, is partly implemented. Child protective data and facility and resource information are operational. Currently, NCANDS data are submitted through the SACWIS system; AFCARS data continue to be reported through the legacy systems and we are unable to meet some reporting requirements. Significant efforts are being made to support the production of outcome measures pending full SACWIS implementation. Data to support the reporting of the outcomes will be enhanced in future submissions. For Outcome Measure 3.2, the SACWIS functionality that supports this reporting is not yet operational.

New York State, along with many other states, objects to the use of outcome measures presented in this report to construct national standards for the Child and Family Services Review, against which state performance is judged. Comparisons across states on these outcome measures are invalidated by extensive inter-state variation in the way events and populations are defined and counted, in case volume and composition, and in data quality. Further, these standards are based on the aspirational goals that all states meet the criterion that is currently not being met in most states nationwide. In addition, many states concede that the data submitted to support the standards is flawed. OCFS does not believe that the federal measures of “time to reunification” and “time to adoption” will accurately reflect the progress anticipated in New York over the next two years because of the exit cohort methodology used for these measures. Efforts to reduce a backlog of cases in foster care for an extended period can actually increase time to reunification or adoption among exit cohorts because the cohorts discharged after this programmatic shift contain a higher concentration of children who had been in foster care a long time.

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New York [ Federal Comment ]

The following discussion focuses on New York’s performance with regard to each of the outcomes assessed in the Child Welfare Outcomes Annual Reports to Congress. The New York Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) was completed in fiscal year (FY) 2001, and compliance with the national standards was based on data from 1999. The final report for that review is available from the Child Welfare Monitoring Documents Library. A discussion of the implications of CFSR findings for New York’s performance on the Report to Congress Outcomes is provided in Child Welfare Outcomes 2000.

The Federal Comment includes an examination of State performance in 2002 and the percent change in performance from 1999 to 2002. A difference in percent change from 1999 to 2002 that was less than 5.0 in either direction was considered to represent “no change in performance.” With the exception of outcome measure 2.1, the data presented in the Report to Congress are rounded to one decimal. However, the percent change in performance was calculated using data rounded to two decimals. Measure 2.1 is rounded to two decimals because the national standard is less than one percent. Key findings of the analyses of national data pertaining to State variation in performance on the outcome measures are incorporated into a State’s Federal Comment when relevant.

Outcome 1. Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect
In calendar year (CY) 2002, New York’s rate of maltreatment recurrence within 6 months was 13.7 percent, which is more than both the national standard (6.1 percent or less) and the national median (7.5 percent). Performance on this measure exhibited no change from 1999 to 2002.

The cross-State analyses of this measure found a substantial positive relationship between State performance on this outcome measure and the State rate of child victims (i.e., the number of child victims per 1,000 children in the population). States with a relatively high rate of child victims tended to have a relatively high rate of maltreatment recurrence. For New York, both the incidence of maltreatment recurrence (13.7 percent) and the rate of child victims (17.1 per 1,000 children in the population) were in the top quartile of the State rankings.

The cross-State analyses also found a small, but definite, positive relationship between State performance on this outcome measure and the percentage of child victims experiencing neglect. States with a relatively high percentage of child victims experiencing neglect tended to have a relatively high percentage of maltreatment recurrence. For New York, both the incidence of maltreatment recurrence (13.7 percent) and the percentage of child victims experiencing neglect (90.1 percent) were in the top quartile of the State rankings. These findings suggests that a State’s definitions and laws pertaining to what constitutes maltreatment and what is necessary for substantiation may be related to its performance on the outcome measure of maltreatment recurrence.

Outcome 2. Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care
In CY 2002, New York’s incidence of maltreatment in foster care was 0.87 percent, which is more than both the national standard (0.57 percent or less) and the national median (0.39 percent). Performance on this measure improved from 1999 to 2002 (-23.56 percent change).

Outcome 3. Increase permanency for children in foster care
In FY 2002, 84.2 percent of children exiting foster care in New York were discharged to a permanent home (which is less than the national median of 86.1 percent), and 69.5 percent of children exiting foster care who were older than age 12 at entry into foster care were discharged to a permanent home (which is less than the national median of 72.0 percent). In addition, 44.5 percent of the children emancipated from foster care were age 12 or younger when they entered foster care, which is more than the national median of 26.9 percent. (No data are available with regard to children exiting foster care who have a diagnosed disability.) These findings suggest that the State is not consistently successful in achieving permanency for children exiting foster care. New York’s performance on these measures did not change from FY 1999 to FY 2002.

Outcome 4. Reduce time to reunification without increasing re-entry
In FY 2002, the percentage of all reunifications in New York occurring within 12 months of a child’s entry into foster care was 53.3, which is less than both the national standard (76.2 percent or more) and the national median (68.0 percent). Performance with regard to reunifications within 12 months exhibited no change from FY 1999 to FY 2002.

New York’s performance in FY 2002 with regard to the percent of re-entries into foster care within 12 months of a discharge from a prior foster care episode was 10.2 percent, which is more than both the national standard (8.6 percent or less) and the national median (9.9 percent). Performance on this measure declined from FY 1999 to 2002 (+17.4 percent change).

Outcome 5. Reduce time in foster care to adoption
In FY 2002, the percentage of all finalized adoptions occurring within 24 months of a child’s entry into foster care was 5.2, which is considerably less than both the national standard (32.0 percent or more) and the national median (23.0 percent). Change in performance on this measure is assessed from FY 2000 to FY 2002 due to data quality issues for many States for this measure in FY 1999. New York’s performance on this measure improved from FY 2000 to FY 2002 (+13.3 percent change).

Outcome 6. Increase placement stability
In FY 2002, the percentage of children who experienced no more than 2 placement settings during their first 12 months in foster care was 91.4, which is more than both the national standard (86.7 percent or more) and the national median (84.1 percent). New York’s performance on this measure did not change from FY 1999 to FY 2002.

Outcome 7. Reduce placements of young children in group homes and institutions
In FY 2002, the percentage of children age 12 or younger placed in a group home or institution was 8.4, which is about equal to the national median of 8.6 percent. New York’s performance on this measure declined from FY 1999 to FY 2002 (+11.9 percent change).

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