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Home > Statistics & Research > Child Welfare Outcomes 2002 > Chapter Six > Virginia

Viriginia

Context Data | Outcomes Data | Federal Comment

Virginia [ Context Data ]

A. Key Context Statistics

General Population (Census Bureau) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total children under 18 years 1,664,810 1,749,002 1,761,515 1,779,408 Race/ethnicity (%)1, 2         Alaska Native/American Indian 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 Asian N/A 3.5 3.7 3.8 Asian/Pacific Islander 4.1 N/A N/A N/A Black 23.1 23.1 23.2 23.1 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A N/A 0 0 Hispanic 5.1 5.9 6.2 6.4 White 67.5 64 64.1 63.7 Two or more races N/A 2.9 2.6 2.6 Other N/A 0.4 0 0 % Child population in poverty 11 7.8 8.4 13.8 Child Welfare Summary 1999 2000 2002 2002 Child maltreatment victims3 8,199 7,416 9,873 7,571 Children in foster care on 9/30 6,778 6,789 6,866 7,109 Children adopted 326 448 495 424

1The convention for the data tables is the following: N/A in the data table means that the category was not applicable for the specific year. A dash (-) means that there is "no value" or the category is a true zero (that is, no children were reported as being in that category). A zero (0) means that there is a value for the category, but the value is less than 0.1 percent.Back

2The multiple and overlapping race categories in this and subsequent race tables are due to changes in the Census Bureau categories beginning in 2000. Because the reporting of these categories is a relatively new process for States, changes in percentages over time may be due to data quality issues.Back

3A child victim is a child who is the subject of a substantiated or indicated maltreatment report. Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS)

Number Rate Maltreatment Information Overview 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment 53,462 40,799 37,988 40,552 32.1 per 1,000 23.3 per 1,000 21.6 per 1,000 22.8 per 1,000 Child maltreatment victims 8,199 7,416 9,873 7,571 4.9 per 1,000 4.2 per 1,000 5.6 per 1,000 4.2 per 1,000 Child fatalities 36 31 36 22 2.2 per 100,000 1.8 per 100,000 2.0 per 100,000 1.2 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Under 1 Year 3.9 9.4 10.4 12.2 1-5 years 30.4 30.6 29.6 29.9 6-10 years 31.8 31.1 30.3 28.5 11-15 years 24.7 23.2 23.7 23.4 16+ years 8.4 5.6 5.8 5.8 Unknown / Missing data 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.2 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 8,199 7,416 9,873 7,571 Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Alaska Native/American Indian 0.1 0 0.1 0 Asian/Pacific Islander 1.1 1.4 1 0.9 Black 39.3 36.7 37.3 36.9 Hispanic 3.1 6.4 6.3 6.1 White 51.6 49.7 48.6 47.8 Two or more races 2.6 3 3.4 4.4 Total %4 103.1 100 100 100 Number 8,199 7,416 9,873 7,571 Maltreatment Type of Child Victims (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Emotional Abuse 3.4 1.8 1.6 1.8 Medical Neglect 1 2.4 2.4 2.5 Neglect 64.7 58.6 58.8 59.1 Physical Abuse 31.1 28.5 28 27.1 Sexual Abuse 14.4 11 12.2 13.2 Unknown / Missing data 0.1 -- -- -- Other 0 -- -- -- Total %5 114.6 102.3 103 103.7 Number 8,199 7,416 9,873 7,571

4Percentages may total more than 100 percent because Hispanics may be counted both by Hispanic ethnicity and by race.Back

5Percentages may total more than 100 percent because children could have been victims of more than one type of maltreatment.Back

C. Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

Number of Children In Care on 10/1 Entered Care Exited Care In Care on 9/30 Total Served FY1999 (10/1/98 - 9/30/99) 5,804 2,683 1,715 6,778 8,487 FY2000 (10/1/99 - 9/30/00) 5,871 2,738 1,826 6,789 8,609 FY2001 (10/1/00 - 9/30/01) 6,055 2,904 2,096 6,866 8,959 FY2002 (10/1/01 - 9/30/02) 6,139 3,274 2,307 7,109 9,413 Median Length of Stay (Months)   FY1999 (10/1/98 - 9/30/99) 23.7 N/A 14.2 22.3 N/A FY2000 (10/1/99 - 9/30/00) 22.9 N/A 17.5 21.8 N/A FY2001 (10/1/00 - 9/30/01) 22.2 N/A 16.2 20.5 N/A FY2002 (10/1/01 - 9/30/02) 20.8 N/A 15.5 19.3 N/A Age of Children in Foster Care (%) In Care On: 10/1/98 In Care On: 10/1/99 In Care On: 10/1/00 In Care On: 10/1/01 Entered Care During FY: 1999 Entered Care During FY: 2000 Entered Care During FY: 2001 Entered Care During FY: 2002 Exited Care During FY: 1999 Exited Care During FY: 2000 Exited Care During FY:2001 Exited Care During FY: 2002 In Care On: 9/30/99 In Care On: 9/30/00 In Care On: 9/30/01 In Care On: 9/30/02 Under 1 Year 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 11.2 11.3 10.7 11.3 4 4.1 3 4.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 1-5 years 19.2 17.9 17.7 17.3 21.9 22.2 23.2 19.4 19.8 21.1 23.1 22.9 19 18.4 18.2 16.9 6-10 years 22.8 23.1 22.3 20.2 20.8 21.5 19.6 19.6 17.8 19.2 19.1 18.7 23.1 22.2 20.4 18.4 11-15 years 35.4 35.6 36.5 37.6 34.2 33.9 33.4 35.1 18.9 17.5 18.9 21.7 34.5 35.3 36.1 36.5 16-18 years 20.3 20.9 21 22.4 11.9 11 13.1 14.6 38.8 36.3 33.9 30.6 20.9 21.5 22.6 25.3 19+ years -- -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- 0.7 1.8 1.9 2 -- -- -- -- Unknown / Missing data 0 -- -- -- 0 -- 0.1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number 5,804 5,871 6,055 6,139 2,683 2,738 2,904 3,274 1,715 1,826 2,096 2,307 6,778 6,789 6,866 7,109 Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%) In Care On: 10/1/98 In Care On: 10/1/99 In Care On: 10/1/00 In Care On: 10/1/01 Entered Care During FY: 1999 Entered Care During FY: 2000 Entered Care During FY: 2001 Entered Care During FY: 2002 Exited Care During FY: 1999 Exited Care During FY: 2000 Exited Care During FY:2001 Exited Care During FY: 2002 In Care On: 9/30/99 In Care On: 9/30/00 In Care On: 9/30/01 In Care On: 9/30/02 Alaska Native/American Indian 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0.3 0 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.1 Asian N/A 0.6 0.4 0.3 N/A 0.5 0.2 0.5 N/A 1 0.4 0.7 N/A 0.4 0.3 0.3 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.8 N/A N/A N/A 0.6 N/A N/A N/A 1 N/A N/A N/A 0.7 N/A N/A N/A Black 53.4 53.9 51.8 50.3 46.1 39.9 40.9 40.4 46.2 45.6 44.2 43.7 52.3 50.5 49.5 47.9 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A 0 0 -- N/A 0 -- 0 N/A 0 0 -- N/A 0 -- 0 Hispanic 3.1 3.6 3.8 3.8 5.3 4.4 4.8 5.8 4.3 3.4 5 6.3 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 White 41.3 40.3 41.5 42.2 46 50.3 48.2 47.4 47.3 46.9 46.6 44.9 41.7 42.5 42.8 43.7 Two or more races N/A 1 1.9 2.8 N/A 4.1 4.5 4.9 N/A 2.2 3.1 3.4 N/A 1.9 2.7 3.5 Unknown / Missing data 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.7 1 0.8 1 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number 5,804 5,871 6,055 6,139 2,683 2,738 2,904 3,274 1,715 1,826 2,096 2,307 6,778 6,789 6,866 7,109

D. Children Waiting to be Adopted (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)6

Overview 9/30/99 9/30/00 9/30/01 9/30/02 Children waiting to be adopted 2,178 2,132 1,947 1,489 Children whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR) 749 640 484 54 Age of Waiting Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Under 1 Year 4.3 4.9 4.1 2.6 1-5 years 38.4 36 34.4 30.1 6-10 years 40.5 40.1 37.6 34.7 11-15 years 15.8 18.2 22.9 29.6 16+ years 1 0.8 1 3 Unknown / Missing data -- 0 -- 0.1 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 2,178 2,132 1,947 1,489 Race/Ethnicity of Waiting Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Alaska Native/American Indian 0 0 0.1 0 Asian N/A 0.3 0.3 0 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.6 N/A N/A N/A Black 54.2 53 54.2 53.9 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A 0 -- -- Hispanic 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 White 38.9 39.4 37.4 37.3 Two or more races N/A 2.2 3.1 3.8 Unknown / Missing data 2 0.7 0.6 0.6 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 2,178 2,132 1,947 1,489

6Waiting children are children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents' rights have been terminated (TPR). Children 16 years and older with TPR, but with a goal of emancipation have been excluded from the waiting children and TPR populations.Back

E. Children Adopted (AFCARS Annual Adoption Database)

Age of Adopted Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Under 1 Year 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 1-5 years 45.7 36.2 39.8 41.3 6-10 years 37.4 42 40 34.9 11-15 years 15.3 18.8 17.2 21.7 16+ years -- 2.9 2.6 1.9 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 326 448 495 424 Race/Ethnicity of Adopted Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Alaska Native/American Indian -- -- -- -- Asian N/A 0.4 0.6 -- Asian/Pacific Islander 1.8 N/A N/A N/A Black 45.1 45.8 41 51.2 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander N/A -- -- -- Hispanic 5.8 4.7 4.8 4 White 45.4 44.4 45.5 38.7 Two or more races N/A 4 7.9 6.1 Unknown / Missing data 0.3 0.7 0.2 -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 326 448 495 424

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Virginia [ Outcomes Data ]

1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children without a recurrence -- -- -- 97.8 Children with one or more recurrences -- -- -- 2.2 Total % -- -- -- 100 Number -- -- -- 3,507

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS, AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database Jan-Sept)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children maltreated while in foster care -- -- -- 0.3 Children not maltreated while in foster care -- -- -- 99.7 Total % -- -- -- 100 Number -- -- -- 8,883

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)

3.1 Exits from Foster Care (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 12.1 19.6 20 19.6 Guardianship -- -- -- -- Reunification 53.4 47.3 48.8 53.8 Other 34.5 33.1 31.2 26.6 Missing data -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 1,715 1,826 2,096 2,307 Percent Exits from Foster Care 1999 2000 2001 2002   3.2 Exits of Disabled Children (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 13.1 19 20.5 21.4 Guardianship -- -- -- -- Reunification 42 38.9 32.5 39.3 Other 44.9 42.2 47 39.3 Missing data -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 336 453 453 486 3.3 Exits of Children Over Age 12 at Entry (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.6 Guardianship -- -- -- -- Reunification 36.9 35.3 36.7 43.6 Other 62.9 64.4 62.5 55.7 Missing data -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 674 660 774 795 3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children age 12 or younger at entry 26.3 29.9 24.3 26.9 Children older than 12 at entry 73.3 69.9 75.7 73.1 Missing data 0.4 0.2 -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 520 542 556 510

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%) Alaska Native/A.I. Asian Asian/Pacific Islander Black Native Hawaiian/ Other P.I.   1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption -- -- -- 33.3 N/A 15.8 25 25 -- N/A N/A N/A 11 18.6 19.1 21.6 N/A -- 50 -- Guardianship -- -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- -- N/A N/A N/A -- -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- Reunification 50 -- 33.3 66.7 N/A 26.3 25 37.5 52.9 N/A N/A N/A 36.9 38.3 34 28.2 N/A 100 -- -- Other 50 100 66.7 -- N/A 57.9 50 37.5 -- N/A N/A N/A -- -- -- -- N/A -- 50 -- Missing data -- -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 N/A 100 100 100 100 N/A N/A N/A 100 100 100 100 N/A 100 100 -- Number 2 1 3 3 N/A 19 8 16 17 N/A N/A N/A 792 833 926 1,009 N/A 1 2 --     Hispanic White Unable to Determine Two or More Races Missing Data   1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 Adoption 11 24.2 21.9 15.2 13.4 20.6 21.3 18.5 11.1 38.5 -- 10 100 7.3 13.8 17.9 -- -- -- -- Guardianship -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Reunification 67.1 48.4 53.3 61.4 53.4 50.1 48.4 54.6 66.7 53.8 100 90 N/A 80.5 70.8 69.2 -- -- -- -- Other 21.9 27.4 24.8 23.4 33.2 29.3 30.3 26.8 22.2 7.7 -- -- N/A 12.2 15.4 12.8 -- -- -- -- Missing data -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- N/A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 -- -- -- -- Number 73 62 105 145 811 856 976 1,036 18 13 11 20 2 41 65 78 -- -- -- --

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Re-entry (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)

4.1 Time to Reunification (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Less than 12 mos. 71.2 72.2 73.6 67.4 At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 17.1 18.1 15.8 21.8 At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 6.3 5.3 6.2 6.5 At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 1.2 1.9 2.4 1.7 48 or more mos. 2.7 1.9 1.7 1.5 Missing data 1.4 0.7 0.4 1 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 916 864 1,022 1,241 4.2 Children Who Entered Foster Care (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Children entering care for the first time 94.6 92.1 93 91 Children re-entering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode 3.3 3.9 3.5 5.1 Children re-entering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode 0.7 1.5 1.7 2.2 Missing data 1.4 2.6 1.8 1.7 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 2,683 2,738 2,904 3,274

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database:  Fiscal Year Data)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Less than 12 mos. 1.4 3.1 1 2 At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 11.1 17.4 16.9 17.2 At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 23.1 26.1 29.3 24.5 At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 25.5 18.8 18.6 21.6 48 or more mos. 38.9 34.2 34.3 34.7 Missing data -- 0.6 -- -- Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 208 357 420 453

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%) Year Children With 2 or Fewer Placements Children With 2 or Fewer Placements Missing Data Total % Number Less than 12 mos. 1999 88.6 10.6 0.8 100 2,893 2000 85.8 13 1.2 100 2,947 2001 84.8 14.4 0.7 100 3,205 2002 85.7 14.1 0.3 100 3,549 At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. 1999 76.3 22.9 0.8 100 1,733 2000 70.4 29.2 0.4 100 1,717 2001 67 32.4 0.6 100 1,800 2002 63.7 36 0.3 100 1,909 At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. 1999 79 20.4 0.6 100 1,049 2000 62.3 37.3 0.4 100 1,177 2001 54.9 44.9 0.2 100 1,204 2002 54.7 45.2 0.2 100 1,229 At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 1999 79.7 19.5 0.8 100 728 2000 65.6 34.1 0.3 100 756 2001 51 48.7 0.4 100 781 2002 43.5 56.4 0.1 100 795 48 or more mos. 1999 88.1 11.4 0.5 100 2,065 2000 75.7 23.9 0.4 100 2,007 2001 65.8 34 0.3 100 1,965 2002 54.4 45.3 0.3 100 1,906 Missing data 1999 84.2 -- 15.8 100 19 2000 60 -- 40 100 5 2001 50 -- 50 100 4 2002 84 4 12 100 25

7. Reduce Placements of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 Group homes 0.7 0.6 0.6 1 Institutions 5.9 5.4 5.8 7.6 Other settings 92.7 93.1 93.4 91.2 Missing data 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 Total % 100 100 100 100 Number 1,653 1,712 1,768 1,883

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Virginia [ Federal Comment ]

The following discussion focuses on Virginia’s performance with regard to each of the outcomes assessed in the Child Welfare Outcomes Annual Reports to Congress. The Virginia Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) was completed in fiscal year (FY) 2003, and compliance with the national standards was based on data from 2001. The final report for that review is available from the Child Welfare Monitoring Documents Library. A discussion of the implications of CFSR findings for Virginia’s performance on the Report to Congress Outcomes is provided in Child Welfare Outcomes 2001.

The Federal Comment includes an examination of State performance in 2002 and the percent change in performance from 1999 to 2002. A difference in percent change from 1999 to 2002 that was less than plus or minus 5.0 was considered to represent “no change in performance.” With the exception of outcome measure 2.1, the data presented in the Report to Congress are rounded to one decimal. However, the percent change in performance was calculated using data rounded to two decimals. Measure 2.1 is rounded to two decimals because the national standard is less than one percent. Key findings of the analyses of national data pertaining to State variation in performance on the outcome measures are incorporated into a State’s Federal Comment when relevant.

Outcome 1. Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect
In calendar year (CY) 2002, Virginia’s rate of maltreatment recurrence within 6 months was 2.2 percent, which is less than both the national standard of 6.1 percent or less and the national median of 7.5 percent. Change in performance on this measure cannot be assessed because 2002 was the first year the State reported these data to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS).

The cross-State analyses found a substantial positive relationship between State variation in performance on this outcome measure and State variation in the rate of child victims (i.e., the number of child victims per 1,000 children in the population). For Virginia, both the incidence of maltreatment recurrence (2.2 percent) and the rate of child victims (4.2 per 1,000 children in the population) were in the bottom quartile of the State rankings. This suggests that State definitions and laws pertaining to what constitutes maltreatment and what is necessary for substantiation may be related to State performance on the measure of maltreatment recurrence.

Outcome 2. Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care
In CY 2002, Virginia’s incidence of maltreatment in foster care was 0.29 percent, which is less than both the national standard of 0.57 percent or less and the national median of 0.39 percent. Change in performance on this measure cannot be assessed because 2002 was the first year that the State reported data for this measure to NCANDS.

Outcome 3. Increase permanency for children in foster care
In FY 2002, 73.4 percent of children exiting foster care in Virginia were discharged to a permanent home (which is less than the national median of 86.1 percent); 60.7 percent of children with a diagnosed disability who exited foster care were discharged to a permanent home (which is less than the national median of 79.8 percent); and 44.3 percent of children exiting foster care who were older than age 12 at entry into foster care were discharged to a permanent home (which is considerably less than the national median of 72.0 percent). In addition, 26.9 percent of the children exiting foster care through emancipation were age 12 or younger at the time of entry into foster care, which is equal to the national median of 26.9 percent. These data suggest that the State experiences challenges in achieving permanency for children exiting foster care. However, performance on the measures of outcome 3 generally improved from FY 1999 to FY 2002.

Outcome 4. Reduce time to reunification without increasing re-entry
In FY 2002, the percentage of all reunifications in Virginia occurring within 12 months of a child’s entry into foster care was 67.4, which does not meet the national standard of 76.2 percent or more, but is about equal to the national median of 68.0 percent. Performance with regard to reunifications within 12 months declined slightly from FY 1999 to FY 2002 (-5.4 percent change).

Because the cross-State analyses found a substantial positive relationship between State variation in the percentage of reunifications occurring within 12 months of a child’s entry into foster care and State variation in the percentage of children entering foster care who were re-entering within 12 months of a prior episode, Virginia’s performance with regard to reunifications within 12 months must be considered in the context of its re-entry rate. For Virginia, the percentage of children entering foster care in FY 2002 who were re-entering within 12 months of a prior foster care episode was 5.1, which is less than both the national standard of 8.6 percent or less and the national median of 9.9 percent. Thus, while Virginia exhibited a relatively low percentage of reunifications within 12 months, it also exhibited a relatively low rate of re-entry into foster care within 12 months. State performance on the measure of foster care re-entry declined from FY 1999 to FY 2002 (+55.5 percent change).

Outcome 5. Reduce time in foster care to adoption
In FY 2002, the percentage of all finalized adoptions occurring within 24 months of a child’s entry into foster care was 19.2, which is less than both the national standard of 32.0 percent or more and the national median of 23.0 percent. Change in performance on this measure is assessed from FY 2000 to FY 2002 due to data quality issues for many States for this measure in FY 1999. Virginia’s performance on this measure declined slightly from FY 2000 to FY 2002 (-6.1 percent change).

Outcome 6. Increase placement stability
In FY 2002, the percentage of children who experienced no more than 2 placement settings during their first 12 months in foster care was 85.7, which does not meet the national standard of 86.7 percent or more, but is more than the national median of 84.1 percent. Performance on this measure did not change from FY 1999 to FY 2002.

Outcome 7. Reduce placements of young children in group homes and institutions
In FY 2002, the percentage of children age 12 or younger placed in a group home or institution was 8.6, which is equal to the national median of 8.6 percent. Virginia’s performance on this measure declined from FY 1999 to FY 2002 (+29.3 percent change).

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