Michigan
Context Data | Outcomes Data | State Comment | Federal Comment
Michigan [ Context Data ]
A. Context Statistics
| General Child Population (Census Bureau) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total children under 18 years | 2,593,056 | 2,571,436 | 2,558,635 | 2,538,920 |
| Race/Ethnicity (%)1 | ||||
| Alaska Native/American Indian | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Asian | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 17.3 | 17.5 | 17.0 | 17.1 |
| Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander | 0.0 | <.1 | <.1 | <.1 |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.8 |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 72.4 | 72.6 | 73.3 | 73.1 |
| Two or more races | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| % Child population in poverty | 13.8 | 13.0 | 15.0 | 14.6 |
| Child Welfare Summary | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child maltreatment victims2 | 26,680 | 28,475 | 28,830 | 28,690 |
| Children in foster care on 9/30 | 20,034 | 20,896 | 21,251 | 21,376 |
| Children adopted | 2,804 | 2,980 | 2,848 | 2,622 |
B. Child Maltreatment Data [National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS)]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overview Maltreatment Information | Number | Rate | Number | Rate | Number | Rate | Number | Rate |
| Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment | 164,369 | 63.4 per 1,000 | 172,281 | 67.0 per 1,000 | 190,164 | 74.3 per 1,000 | 195,583 | 77.0 per 1,000 |
| Total child maltreatment victims3 | 26,680 | 10.3 per 1,000 | 28,475 | 11.1 per 1,000 | 28,830 | 11.3 per 1,000 | 28,690 | 11.3 per 1,000 |
| Child fatalities | 49 | 1.9 per 100,000 | — | — per 100,000 | — | — per 100,000 | — | — per 100,000 |
1 Race/ethnicity data for 2001, 2002, and 2003 represent population estimates. Back
2 A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a substantiated or indicated maltreatment report. Back
3 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once. Back
| Age of Child Victims (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 year | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 |
| 1-5 years | 27.9 | 27.2 | 28.0 | 28.5 |
| 6-10 years | 30.6 | 29.7 | 28.4 | 26.9 |
| 11-15 years | 24.0 | 25.6 | 26.0 | 27.0 |
| 16+ years | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.4 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Number | 26,680 | 28,475 | 28,830 | 28,690 |
| Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)4 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska Native/American Indian | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Asian | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 39.7 | 38.9 | 35.8 | 34.7 |
| Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.0 |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 2.2 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.2 |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 53.7 | 55.0 | 57.9 | 59.1 |
| Two or more races | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Unknown | 3.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.9 |
| Number | 26,680 | 28,475 | 28,830 | 28,690 |
| Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)5 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional abuse | 7.3 | 7.5 | 5.4 | 4.1 |
| Medical neglect | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
| Neglect | 68.7 | 66.3 | 69.2 | 70.5 |
| Physical abuse | 22.7 | 21.3 | 19.8 | 20.1 |
| Sexual abuse | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.5 |
| Unknown/missing data | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Other | 0.0 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.2 |
| Number | 26,680 | 28,475 | 28,830 | 28,690 |
4 Percentages may total more than 100 because Hispanics may be counted by Hispanic ethnicity and race. Back
5 Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. Back
C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care [Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS): Foster Care File]
| In Foster Care on 10/1 FY | Entered Foster Care in FY | Exited Foster Care in FY | In Foster Care on 9/30 FY | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | |
| Total Number | 17,108 | 16,909 | 21,052 | 20,705 | 10,707 | 12,283 | 10,019 | 9,650 | 7,802 | 8,312 | 9,827 | 8,979 | 20,034 | 20,896 | 21,251 | 21,376 |
| Median length of stay (months) | 14.5 | 14.4 | 15.3 | 16.1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 15.3 | 14.8 | 18.2 | 20.6 | 14.7 | 12.7 | 15.6 | 15.6 |
| In Foster Care on 10/1 FY | Entered Foster Care in FY | Exited Foster Care in FY | In Foster Care on 9/30 FY | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
| <1 year | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 5.0 |
| 1 year | 5.4 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 6.0 |
| 2 years | 5.2 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
| 3 years | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 5.0 |
| 4 years | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.7 |
| 5 years | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 |
| 6 years | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.3 |
| 7 years | 4.9 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
| 8 years | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.1 |
| 9 years | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.4 |
| 10 years | 4.5 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.6 |
| 11 years | 4.1 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.0 |
| 12 years | 4.2 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.1 |
| 13 years | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 6.0 |
| 14 years | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.2 |
| 15 years | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.9 |
| 16 years | 8.2 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 7.8 |
| 17 years | 6.7 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 8.9 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 6.9 |
| 18 years | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 7.3 | 6.1 | 8.1 | 9.9 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 3.9 |
| 19 years | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.0 | <.1 | 0.1 | <.1 | <.1 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
| 20 years | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | <.1 | <.1 | <.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| Missing data | 0.7 | 0.3 | <.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | <.1 | 0.0 |
| In Foster Care on 10/1 FY | Entered Foster Care in FY | Exited Foster Care in FY | In Foster Care on 9/30 FY | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
| Alaska Native/American Indian | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 | — | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| Asian | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | <.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | — | <.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 52.7 | 52.3 | 0.0 | 8.7 | 43.9 | 43.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 45.0 | 46.5 | — | 5.1 | 52.1 | 50.7 |
| Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander | 0.0 | 0.0 | <.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | <.1 | 0.1 | — | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | — | 0.4 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 39.3 | 39.4 | 0.0 | 8.3 | 46.3 | 46.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 45.4 | 43.8 | — | 4.9 | 39.8 | 40.6 |
| Two or more races | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 3.8 | — | 0.3 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | <.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | — | <.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Missing data | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 81.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 89.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption"6 (AFCARS: Foster Care File)
| Waiting for Adoption | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total waiting children | 7,742 | 7,815 | 6,862 | 7,129 |
| Numbers of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated | 5,197 | 6,056 | 6,706 | 6,729 |
| Age (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 year | 5.7 | 5.6 | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| 1 year | 7.2 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 5.5 |
| 2 years | 7.1 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
| 3 years | 6.5 | 6.6 | 5.6 | 5.3 |
| 4 years | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 4.8 |
| 5 years | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 4.9 |
| 6 years | 6.0 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 |
| 7 years | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 4.2 |
| 8 years | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 4.6 |
| 9 years | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 5.4 |
| 10 years | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 5.9 |
| 11 years | 5.8 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 6.2 |
| 12 years | 5.0 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.4 |
| 13 years | 4.8 | 4.8 | 6.6 | 6.9 |
| 14 years | 4.2 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 6.8 |
| 15 years | 4.1 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 6.8 |
| 16 years | 2.6 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 5.8 |
| 17 years | 1.5 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 4.7 |
| 18 years | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 2.3 |
| 19 years | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| 20+ years | <.1 | 0.1 | <.1 | 0.0 |
| Missing data | — | — | — | — |
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska Native/American Indian | 0.0 | <.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| Asian | 0.0 | 0.0 | <.1 | 0.2 |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 0.0 | 4.1 | 59.8 | 57.9 |
| Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander | 0.0 | 0.0 | <.1 | <.1 |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 3.4 |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 0.0 | 3.8 | 32.9 | 34.4 |
| Two or more races | 0.0 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 2.8 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Missing data | 100.0 | 91.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
6 There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the table above includes children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A State's own definition may differ from that used here. Furthermore, some numbers in this table may be lower than the numbers reported in the prior Child Welfare Outcomes reports. Only children with terminations prior to the end of the fiscal year of interest are included in the current table. Back
E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS: Adoption File)
| Adoptions | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total children adopted | 2,804 | 2,980 | 2,848 | 2,622 |
| Age (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 year | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| 1 year | 8.2 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 8.5 |
| 2 years | 10.8 | 9.8 | 10.2 | 10.3 |
| 3 years | 9.3 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 9.0 |
| 4 years | 7.5 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 7.8 |
| 5 years | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 6.4 |
| 6 years | 7.3 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 7.6 |
| 7 years | 7.4 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 6.5 |
| 8 years | 7.2 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 7.3 |
| 9 years | 7.3 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 |
| 10 years | 7.6 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 6.3 |
| 11 years | 4.9 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.7 |
| 12 years | 3.7 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 5.3 |
| 13 years | 3.2 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
| 14 years | 2.8 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
| 15 years | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.2 |
| 16 years | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.1 |
| 17 years | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| 18 years | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| 19 years | <.1 | <.1 | 0.0 | <.1 |
| 20+ years | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Missing data | — | — | — | — |
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska Native/American Indian | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Asian | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | <.1 |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 49.5 | 48.5 | 43.3 | 46.3 |
| Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander | <.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | <.1 |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 5.0 |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 41.0 | 40.3 | 45.7 | 41.8 |
| Two or more races | 4.2 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.1 |
| Unknown | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Missing data | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Michigan [ Outcomes Data ]
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
| 1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children without a recurrence | 96.7 | 96.4 | 92.2 | 93.0 |
| Children with one or more recurrences | 3.3 | 3.6 | 7.8 | 7.0 |
| Number | 13,482 | 14,171 | 14,334 | 12,705 |
2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS: Foster Care File, Jan.-Sept.)
| 2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children maltreated while in foster care | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.38 |
| Children not maltreated while in foster care | 99.67 | 99.66 | 99.75 | 99.62 |
| Number | 26,044 | 27,359 | 28,779 | 28,081 |
3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS: Foster Care File)
| 3.1 Exits of Children from Foster Care (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adoption | 21.8 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 28.4 |
| Guardianship | 1.2 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 4.3 |
| Reunification | 56.2 | 56.7 | 61.0 | 54.8 |
| Other | 20.7 | 17.9 | 12.3 | 11.8 |
| Missing data | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Number | 7,802 | 8,312 | 9,827 | 8,979 |
| 3.2 Exits of Children with a Diagnosed Disability (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adoption | — | — | 36.2 | 39.3 |
| Guardianship | — | — | 2.5 | 2.8 |
| Reunification | — | — | 45.0 | 38.5 |
| Other | — | — | 15.7 | 18.2 |
| Missing data | — | — | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| Number | — | — | 1,532 | 1,375 |
| 3.3 Exits of Children Older than Age 12 at Entry into Foster Care (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adoption | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 3.0 |
| Guardianship | 1.1 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 4.4 |
| Reunification | 53.6 | 54.5 | 59.8 | 58.7 |
| Other | 43.4 | 41.1 | 32.1 | 31.6 |
| Missing data | 0.5 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| Number | 2,812 | 2,532 | 2,987 | 2,391 |
| 3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children age 12 or younger at entry | 23.9 | 24.3 | 20.4 | 28.6 |
| Children older than 12 at entry | 75.5 | 75.5 | 79.6 | 71.2 |
| Missing data | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| Number | 564 | 485 | 607 | 664 |
| 3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%) | Alaska Native/Am. In. | Asian | Black (non-Hispanic) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | |
| Adoption | — | — | 14.9 | 33.6 | — | — | 5.3 | 0.0 | — | — | 20.4 | 27.6 |
| Guardianship | — | — | 3.0 | 0.9 | — | — | 0.0 | 9.1 | — | — | 3.5 | 4.2 |
| Reunification | — | — | 74.6 | 59.3 | — | — | 78.9 | 63.6 | — | — | 61.1 | 55.0 |
| Other | — | — | 7.5 | 5.3 | — | — | 15.8 | 27.3 | — | — | 14.1 | 12.6 |
| Missing data | — | — | 0.0 | 0.9 | — | — | 0.0 | 0.0 | — | — | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Number | — | — | 134 | 113 | — | — | 38 | 11 | — | — | 4,427 | 4,173 |
| |
||||||||||||
| Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. | Hispanic (of any race) | White (non-Hispanic) | ||||||||||
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | |
| Adoption | — | — | 0.0 | 30.0 | — | — | 23.1 | 31.2 | — | — | 23.6 | 28.2 |
| Guardianship | — | — | 0.0 | 0.0 | — | — | 4.0 | 4.4 | — | — | 3.6 | 4.4 |
| Reunification | — | — | 50.0 | 60.0 | — | — | 60.9 | 56.2 | — | — | 60.8 | 54.6 |
| Other | — | — | 50.0 | 10.0 | — | — | 11.5 | 7.9 | — | — | 11.1 | 11.7 |
| Missing data | — | — | 0.0 | 0.0 | — | — | 0.5 | 0.3 | — | — | 0.8 | 1.1 |
| Number | — | — | 2 | 10 | — | — | 399 | 365 | — | — | 4,465 | 3,933 |
| |
||||||||||||
| Unable to Determine | Two or more Races | Missing Data | ||||||||||
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | |
| Adoption | — | — | 29.2 | 13.8 | — | — | 35.2 | 36.5 | 21.8 | 22.4 | 0.0 | <.1 |
| Guardianship | — | — | 4.2 | 0.0 | — | — | 3.0 | 5.5 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 0.0 | <.1 |
| Reunification | — | — | 62.5 | 72.4 | — | — | 55.3 | 49.9 | 56.2 | 56.7 | 0.0 | <.1 |
| Other | — | — | 4.2 | 10.3 | — | — | 5.9 | 8.1 | 20.7 | 17.9 | 0.0 | <.1 |
| Missing data | — | — | 0.0 | 3.4 | — | — | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | <.1 |
| Number | — | — | 24 | 29 | — | — | 338 | 345 | 7,802 | 8,312 | 0 | 0 |
4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Re-entry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
| 4.1 Time to Reunification (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 12 mos. | 52.9 | 56.6 | 38.8 | 40.6 |
| At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. | 28.1 | 28.2 | 39.6 | 36.9 |
| At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. | 7.1 | 8.1 | 13.3 | 13.7 |
| At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. | 3.0 | 2.2 | 5.2 | 4.7 |
| 48 or more mos. | 2.2 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 3.9 |
| Missing data | 6.8 | 3.2 | <.1 | 0.2 |
| Number | 4,383 | 4,713 | 5,994 | 4,920 |
| 4.2 Children Re-entering Foster Care (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children entering care for the first time | 90.0 | 90.9 | 90.5 | 93.9 |
| Children re-entering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode | 5.0 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 3.1 |
| Children re-entering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode | 4.6 | 3.6 | 1.1 | 2.1 |
| Missing data | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
| Number | 10,707 | 12,283 | 10,019 | 9,650 |
5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)
| 5.1 Time to Adoption (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 12 mos. | 12.6 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 3.9 |
| At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. | 22.4 | 21.7 | 30.3 | 23.4 |
| At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. | 31.0 | 32.0 | 32.6 | 35.9 |
| At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. | 16.0 | 18.3 | 15.9 | 19.1 |
| 48 or more mos. | 17.8 | 14.8 | 9.8 | 17.4 |
| Missing data | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Number | 1,699 | 1,860 | 2,199 | 2,546 |
6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)
| 6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%) | In Care less than 12 Months | In Care at Least 12 Months but less than 24 Months | In Care for 24 Months or Longer | Missing Time in Care | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | |
| Children with 2 or fewer placements | 86.2 | 87.8 | 85.3 | 84.5 | 65.8 | 69.6 | 67.2 | 65.0 | 49.7 | 50.3 | 35.5 | 36.2 | 97.2 | 97.3 | 85.4 | 70.2 |
| Children with 3 or more placements | 13.8 | 12.2 | 14.7 | 15.5 | 34.2 | 30.4 | 32.8 | 35.0 | 50.3 | 49.7 | 64.5 | 63.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 14.6 | 29.8 |
| Number | 11,588 | 13,416 | 11,663 | 10,967 | 6,997 | 6,955 | 8,433 | 8,082 | 8,819 | 8,577 | 10,941 | 11,227 | 432 | 260 | 41 | 84 |
7. Reduce Placements of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Foster Care File)
| 7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group homes | <.1 | <.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Institutions | 5.7 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| Other settings | 94.3 | 95.9 | 97.6 | 97.6 |
| Missing data | <.1 | <.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Number | 7,623 | 8,525 | 6,999 | 6,577 |
Michigan [ State Comment ]
Laura J. Champagne
Chief Deputy Director
Michigan Department of Human Services
The following are Michigan's comments on the State's data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 2003: Report to Congress.
Section B (Maltreatment Information Overview): The total number of child fatalities as a result of abuse and or neglect was 46 for FY 2003. This is compared to 52 child fatalities for FY 2002.
Section C (Children in Foster Care): There were 21,251 children in foster care on September 30, 2002, compared to 20,710 on October 1, 2002, a difference of 541 children. This discrepancy was caused by several circumstances: (1) DHS has 'dropped' cases where children had been discharged on or before 9/30/02 (captured in our November 2002 submission), but the transaction was not recorded on the system until after the November submission. (2) Also, included on 9/30/02 (November 2002 submission) were children on 'trial home visits' whose cases were closed prior to 9/30/2002; however, the transaction was not recorded on the system until after the November submission. DHS programmers were not using transaction dates as criteria to determine if children should have been included in the next submission. (3) the County of Wayne (not the DHS Wayne County office) was supposed to be reporting on the delinquency population for this submission. Thus far, the County of Wayne system does not hold the episode begin date and discharge dates. When the child's file is updated, that transaction date is the recorded date (in other words, the previous dates are over written). We are attempting to address this with the County.
Outcome Measure 3.4 (Exits to Emancipation): The data for outcome measure 3.4 indicate that in FY 2003, 664 children were emancipated from foster care. However, the data in Section C, Age of children in Foster Care, indicate that 13.2 percent (1,185 children) of the children exiting foster care were age 18 and older at the time of the exit. The children exiting foster care who were 18 and older could have had outcomes other than emancipation, such as reunification, living with a relative, absent without leave (AWOL), or discharged to another agency or program such as: Dept of Corrections or Adult Services.
Outcome Measure 4.1 (Time to Reunification): The percentage of reunifications that occurred within 12 months of a child's entry into foster care decreased from FY2000 (52.9 percent) to FY2003 (40.6 percent). The national median in FY 2003 was 71.2 percent. Data from FY 2000 were not accurate because the Foster Care part of SACWIS was not in place. Also, it appears that children coming into care now have more difficult home situations and thus will be more likely to need a living arrangement other than reunification. Finally, due to the success of our programs to prevent removal, fewer children are coming into care.
Outcome Measure 5.1 (Time to Adoption): There was a substantial decline in the percentage of adoptions occurring within 24 months of a child's entry into foster care from FY 2002 (41.6 percent) to FY 2003 (27.3 percent). The national median for FY 2003 was 22.9 percent. This may have occurred for the following reasons: (1) The decrease in the percentage of adoptions occurring within 24 months of a child's entry into foster care in FY 2003 may have been effected by a significant turnover in DHS agency staff caused by an early retirement for state employees. The fact that DHS was only allowed to fill one-fourth of the retiring staff slowed the rate in which adoptions could be completed. Also, new policy was issued in August 2002 which modified the eligibility criteria for Adoption Support Subsidy. These two issues coupled with an increase in court involvement in adoption cases have appeared to extend the length of time children were in foster care between entry and adoption in FY 2003.
Michigan [ Federal Comment ]
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
The following is a discussion of Michigan's performance on the national outcomes established for the Report to Congress. The discussion focuses on the State's performance in 2003 and on change in performance over time. Change over time was determined by calculating the percent change in performance from 2000 to 2003. A percent change that was less than 5.0 in either direction (i.e., positive or negative) was considered to represent "no change in performance."
Outcome 1. Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect
In 2003, 7.0 percent of the children in Michigan who were victims of maltreatment during the first 6 months of the year experienced another maltreatment incident within a 6-month period (measure 1.1). This percent is about equal to the national median of 7.1 percent but it represents a considerable decline in performance from 2000 to 2003 (+112.1 percent change).
In 2003, the rate of child maltreatment victims was 11.3 child victims per 1,000 children in the State population, which is slightly higher than the national median of 10.6 child victims per 1,000 children in the population. The 2003 Michigan rate represents an increase over the 2000 child victim rate of 10.3 child victims per 1,000 children in the State population.
Outcome 2. Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care
In 2003, 0.38 percent of the children in foster care were found to be maltreated by a foster parent or facility staff member (measure 2.1). Although this percentage is about equal to the national median of 0.39 percent, it represents a decline in performance from 2000 to 2003 (-15.2 percent change).
Outcome 3. Increase permanency for children in foster care
In 2003, 87.5 percent of children exiting foster care (measure 3.1) were discharged to a permanent home, which is close to the national median of 86.3 percent. Similarly, 80.6 percent of children exiting foster care who had a diagnosed disability (measure 3.2) were discharged to a permanent home, which is about equal to the national median of 79.5 percent. However, 66.1 percent of the children exiting foster care who were older than age 12 when they entered foster care (measure 3.3) were discharged to a permanent home, which is less than the national median of 72.2 percent.
In 2003, 28.6 percent of the children reported as emancipated from foster care (either through legal action or because they reach the age of majority) entered foster care when they were age 12 or younger (measure 3.4). Although this percent is about equal to the national median of 29.6 percent, it represents a decline in performance from 2000 to 2003 (+19.7 percent change).
In Michigan, many children who exit foster care at age 18 or older have a discharge reason other than emancipation. In 2003, the number of children who were reported as exiting to emancipation in 2003 (664 children) was considerably less than the number of children exiting foster care in 2003 who were age 18 or older at the time of exit (1,185 children).
There were no real differences with regard to exits to permanency as a function of children's race or ethnicity (measure 3.5). (This was assessed only when a particular race or ethnicity accounted for at least 10 percent of the exits from foster care.) White (non-Hispanic) children exiting foster care were as likely to be discharged to a permanent home (87.2 percent) as were Black (non-Hispanic) children exiting foster care (86.8 percent). However, the percent of Black (non-Hispanic) children in the foster care population (50.7 percent) was almost three times the percent of Black (non-Hispanic) children in the State's child population (17.1 percent).
Outcome 4. Reduce time in foster care to reunification without increasing re-entry
In 2003, only 40.6 percent of all reunifications occurred within 12 months of a child's entry into foster care (measure 4.1). This percent not only is less than the national median of 72.0 percent, but also represents a performance decline from 2000 to 2003 (-23.3 percent change). Also in 2003, 8.6 percent of reunifications occurred after the child had been in foster care for at least 36 months, which exceeds the national median of 3.5 percent.
Although Michigan had a relatively low percentage of reunifications occurring within 12 months of a child's entry into foster care, the State also had a relatively low percentage of foster care re-entries. In 2003, only 3.1 percent of the children entering foster care were re-entering within 12 months of a prior episode (measure 4.2). This percent not only is less than the national median of 9.5 percent, but also represents an improvement in performance on the measure from 2000 to 2003 (-38.0 percent change). In addition, only 2.1 percent of the children entering foster care were entering more than 12 months after a prior foster care episode. Consequently, only 5.2 percent of all children entering foster care in 2003 had been in foster care at a prior time, which is the lowest re-entry percentage in the nation.
Outcome 5. Reduce time in foster care to adoption
In 2003, 27.3 percent of all finalized adoptions occurred within 24 months of a child's entry into foster care (measure 5.1). Although this percent exceeds the national median of 23.9 percent, it represents a decline in performance from 2000 to 2003 (-22 percent change).
Outcome 6. Increase placement stability
In 2003, 84.5 percent of the children in foster care in Michigan for less than 12 months experienced no more than two placement settings (measure 6.1), which is about equal to the national median of 84.2 percent. However, in 2003, 65.0 percent of the children in foster care for at least 12 months, but less than 24 months, experienced no more than two placement settings, which exceeds the national median of 59.1 percent.
Outcome 7. Reduce placements of young children in group homes and institutions
In 2003, 2.4 percent of the children entering foster care in Michigan who were age 12 or younger were placed in a group home or institution (measure 7.1). This percentage not only is less than the national median of 8.3 percent, but also represents a substantial improvement in performance on this measure from 2000 to 2003 (-57.9 percent change).
