Tennessee

Context Data | Outcomes Data | State Comment | Federal Comment

Tennessee [Context Data]

A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total children under 18 years	1,404,661	1,394,479	1,391,289	1,390,522
Race/ethnicity (%)2
Alaska Native/American Indian	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2
Black (non-Hispanic)	21.4	21.4	21.4	21.3
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	<.1	<.1	<.1	<.1
Hispanic (of any race)	3.3	3.5	3.9	4.2
White (non-Hispanic)	72.5	72.1	71.7	71.3
Two or More Races	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7
Child population in poverty (%)	20.0	18.7	20.4	19.5

Child Welfare Summary
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Child maltreatment victims3	8,494	9,421	14,840	18,376
Children in foster care on 9/30	9,359	9,487	9,590	9,017
Children adopted	922	954	891	1,114

B. Child Maltreatment Data [National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS)]

Overview Maltreatment Information4
	2002		2003		2004		2005
	Number	Rate	Number	Rate	Number	Rate	Number	Rate
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment	37,525	26.7 per 1,000	46,522	33.4 per 1,000	74,835	53.8 per 1,000	94,469	67.9 per 1,000
Total child maltreatment victims5	8,494	6.1 per 1,000	9,421	6.8 per 1,000	14,840	10.7 per 1,000	18,376	13.2 per 1,000
Child fatalities	18	1.3 per 100,000	24	1.7 per 100,000	15	1.1 per 100,000	34	2.5 per 100,000

1 A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau (in Section A. Context Statistics) and the 2002 data only from NCANDS (in Section B. Child Maltreatment Data). All other data on this page are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. Back
2 Race/ethnicity data represent population estimates from the Census Bureau. Child poverty data are from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey (CPS). Back
3 A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a substantiated or indicated maltreatment report. Back
4 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. Back
5 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once. Back

B. Child Maltreatment Data (Continued)

Age of Child Victims (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Under 1 year	10.3	12.3	12.9	12.8
1-5 years	30.8	30.4	30.4	31.2
6-10 years	27.9	27.4	25.8	25.8
11-15 years	24.5	24.0	24.6	23.8
16+ years	6.4	5.5	6.2	6.1
Unknown	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Number	8,494	9,421	14,840	18,376

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Alaska Native/American Indian	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Asian	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
Black (non-Hispanic)	27.8	25.6	26.7	24.7
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	N/A	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic (of any race)	2.4	3.1	3.2	3.0
White (non-Hispanic)	60.0	57.4	58.0	62.6
Two or More Races	--	--	--	--
Unknown	9.3	13.5	11.4	9.2
Number	8,494	9,421	14,840	18,376

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)6
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Emotional abuse	1.4	0.6	0.4	0.5
Medical neglect	7.2	2.1	2.2	2.0
Neglect	45.0	49.3	51.9	53.3
Physical abuse	34.0	32.7	31.6	33.3
Sexual abuse	26.2	24.6	24.1	20.4
Unknown	--	--	--	--
Other	6.0	0.3	--	--
Number	8,494	9,421	14,840	18,376

Time to Investigation (in hours)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Mean	--	51.3	139.4	23.7
Median	--	<24	>24, but <48	<24

6 Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. Back

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) Foster Care File)

	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY				Entered Foster Care in FY				Exited Foster Care in FY				In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total number	8,755	7,470	7,752	8,382	6,047	6,305	6,715	7,056	5,443	4,288	4,877	6,421	9,359	9,487	9,590	9,017
Median length of stay (months)	16.5	15.8	12.9	12.9	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	11.7	12.3	10.4	10.2	13.2	11.4	12.0	11.3

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)
	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY				Entered Foster Care in FY				Exited Foster Care in FY				In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005
Under 1 year	2.8	3.6	4.2	4.3	9.4	9.3	11.1	11.1	3.6	3.5	5.6	4.6	3.3	3.8	4.1	4.4
1 year	3.3	4.0	4.6	4.9	3.7	4.3	5.2	5.2	3.5	4.4	4.8	5.5	3.5	4.2	4.8	5.4
2 years	3.8	4.0	4.6	4.6	3.5	4.5	4.1	4.2	3.6	4.0	4.8	4.8	3.5	4.1	4.4	4.1
3 years	3.8	4.1	4.6	4.2	3.2	3.8	4.2	3.5	3.5	4.1	5.1	4.1	3.7	4.1	4.2	4.3
4 years	3.6	3.9	4.2	4.2	2.9	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.9	4.1	3.9
5 years	3.5	3.5	3.8	3.8	2.7	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.1	4.0	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.8	3.9
6 years	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.6	2.3	3.1	3.3	2.9	3.1	3.9	3.8	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.6	3.7
7 years	3.3	3.3	3.6	3.4	2.2	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.8	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.3
8 years	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.3	2.1	3.1	2.4	2.4	2.6	3.5	3.1	2.8	2.9	3.3	3.2	3.2
9 years	4.1	4.0	3.4	3.2	2.6	3.0	2.8	2.2	2.9	3.4	3.0	2.6	3.6	2.9	3.1	2.9
10 years	4.3	4.1	4.0	3.0	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.5	3.4	3.4	3.6	2.4	3.6	3.6	3.1	3.2
11 years	4.1	4.6	4.3	3.4	3.0	3.4	3.0	2.5	2.9	3.5	3.3	2.2	3.9	3.8	3.4	3.2
12 years	4.8	5.0	4.8	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.2	3.9	3.0	3.7	3.5	3.0	4.4	4.5	4.3	3.8
13 years	5.6	6.3	6.0	5.6	5.6	5.8	5.6	5.4	3.2	4.5	3.7	3.9	5.9	5.6	5.5	5.1
14 years	7.2	7.3	7.3	6.9	9.3	8.1	7.6	7.9	5.4	4.2	4.9	4.8	7.4	7.5	6.9	7.2
15 years	10.6	9.1	8.8	9.5	12.2	11.0	10.2	10.9	7.5	5.6	5.6	6.9	9.7	10.1	9.6	9.7
16 years	12.6	11.8	10.8	11.2	14.7	12.6	12.2	13.3	10.7	6.9	6.6	8.9	13.2	12.4	12.0	12.8
17 years	12.9	12.2	12.2	13.9	13.2	10.5	10.8	11.7	17.5	20.6	12.8	11.3	14.4	13.7	13.6	13.3
18 years	2.5	2.2	1.9	2.6	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.7	12.8	9.4	14.2	17.6	4.2	2.8	2.9	2.8
19 years	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.3	0.7	1.0	1.5	<.1	<.1	<.1	0.0
20+ years	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Continued)

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)
	In Foster Care on 10/1 FY				Entered Foster Care in FY				Exited Foster Care in FY				In Foster Care on 9/30 FY
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005
Alaska Native/American Indian	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	<.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	<.1	<.1
Asian	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black (non-Hispanic)	36.2	35.1	33.8	33.7	27.4	27.1	27.3	26.4	29.8	27.8	27.5	29.1	34.2	33.1	32.5	31.2
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	<.1	0.0	0.0	<.1	<.1
Hispanic (of any race)	2.2	2.9	2.9	3.6	3.6	3.7	4.6	4.2	3.0	4.2	4.2	4.2	2.7	2.8	3.5	3.7
White (non-Hispanic)	58.6	59.0	59.4	58.8	66.2	65.2	63.8	64.3	64.2	65.1	63.8	62.5	60.2	60.4	60.3	60.5
Two or More Races	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3	1.4	1.4	1.8	2.4	1.6	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.6
Unknown	0.2	0.3	1.2	1.3	0.9	2.3	1.7	2.4	0.8	0.7	1.6	1.8	0.3	1.5	1.4	1.8
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	<.1	0.0	0.0	0.0

D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption"7 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total waiting children	2,336	1,964	1,775	1,717
Number of waiting children whose parents' rights have been terminated	435	460	484	743

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Under 1 year	1.8	1.2	0.7	1.7
1 year	3.1	3.3	3.6	4.9
2 years	4.5	4.8	4.4	4.0
3 years	5.5	4.6	4.6	5.3
4 years	5.6	5.0	5.2	4.3
5 years	5.7	4.6	4.7	4.9
6 years	5.4	5.0	3.9	4.5
7 years	5.6	4.8	4.1	4.0
8 years	5.0	4.5	4.3	4.2
9 years	6.4	4.3	4.5	4.3
10 years	6.8	5.5	3.9	4.5
11 years	7.1	6.5	5.2	4.4
12 years	7.1	7.1	6.6	4.7
13 years	8.0	7.6	8.6	5.9
14 years	7.2	8.7	9.0	9.0
15 years	6.7	7.9	9.4	9.3
16 years	5.5	8.2	9.5	11.5
17 years	2.9	6.1	7.7	8.7
18 years	--	--	--	--
19 years	--	--	--	--
20+ years	--	--	--	--

7 There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the table above includes children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A State's own definition may differ from that used here. Furthermore, some numbers in this table may be lower than the numbers reported in the Child Welfare Outcomes reports. Only children with terminations prior to the end of the fiscal year of interest are included in the current table. Back

D. Characteristics of Children "Waiting for Adoption" (Continued)

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Alaska Native/American Indian	0.3	0.2	0.1	<.1
Asian	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.3
Black (non-Hispanic)	39.7	40.7	39.6	35.2
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic (of any race)	3.1	2.9	3.0	4.1
White (non-Hispanic)	53.7	51.8	53.2	56.2
Two or More Races	3.0	3.7	2.9	3.0
Unknown	<.1	0.3	0.8	1.2
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total children adopted	922	954	891	1,114

Age of Children Adopted (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Under 1 year	1.6	1.0	1.5	1.4
1 year	4.0	4.8	4.9	7.5
2 years	5.7	5.8	8.2	10.4
3 years	7.8	6.3	8.2	7.3
4 years	8.4	8.0	6.3	7.5
5 years	7.9	8.0	7.4	6.1
6 years	8.0	7.1	6.4	5.6
7 years	7.3	6.5	5.8	6.3
8 years	6.7	6.8	6.4	5.1
9 years	6.1	7.2	5.2	4.5
10 years	7.7	6.6	5.7	4.7
11 years	5.7	6.7	5.5	3.8
12 years	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.7
13 years	3.6	5.2	4.5	6.2
14 years	5.9	3.5	5.3	5.4
15 years	3.8	4.2	4.7	4.8
16 years	2.3	2.8	3.5	4.1
17 years	1.2	2.4	4.2	3.5
18 years	0.3	1.2	0.4	0.3
19 years	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
20+ years	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Alaska Native/American Indian	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.3
Asian	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.2
Black (non-Hispanic)	35.5	30.2	25.4	28.5
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic (of any race)	3.5	4.3	3.4	4.7
White (non-Hispanic)	53.8	57.0	63.3	61.1
Two or More Races	6.3	8.1	7.7	4.8
Unknown	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.4
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Tennessee [Outcomes Data]

1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Children without a recurrence	--	96.6	96.4	91.9
Children with one or more recurrences	--	3.4	3.6	8.1
Number	--	3,992	5,794	7,870

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File8)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Children maltreated while in foster care	N/A	--	0.24	0.87
Children not maltreated while in foster care	N/A	--	99.76	99.13
Number	N/A	--	14,467	15,438

8 For the years 2003, 2004, and 2005, the denominator for this measure includes all children served in foster care during the 12-month fiscal year. In 2002, only children served in the first 9 months of the calendar year were included in the denominator because of differences in the NCANDS and AFCARS reporting periods. Therefore, the data for 2002 are not provided for this measure. Back

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)

3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Adoption	16.5	22.0	18.2	17.5
Guardianship	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.6
Reunification	70.9	58.9	63.4	67.5
Other	11.1	18.6	17.9	14.5
Missing data	1.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
Number	5,443	4,288	4,877	6,421

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Adoption	50.0	50.4	47.8	42.7
Guardianship	0.4	0.6	0.2	0.5
Reunification	37.8	27.1	27.9	37.1
Other	11.1	21.9	24.2	19.7
Missing data	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	458	494	542	628

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Adoption	0.4	1.4	1.6	2.4
Guardianship	<.1	0.3	0.7	0.9
Reunification	78.8	61.3	61.6	71.0
Other	18.6	36.9	36.1	25.7
Missing data	2.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Number	2,779	1,832	1,944	3,035

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Children age 12 or younger at entry	11.1	15.7	19.3	16.1
Children older than 12 at entry	88.9	84.3	80.7	83.9
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	488	658	735	753

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (Continued)

3.5 Exits by Race/ethnicity (%)
	Alaska Native/Am. In.				Asian				Black (non-Hispanic)
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005
Adoption	0.0	30.8	7.1	33.3	22.2	0.0	13.0	21.4	20.0	26.1	18.6	17.1
Guardianship	0.0	0.0	7.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.5
Reunification	90.9	69.2	71.4	66.7	55.6	80.0	78.3	71.4	67.4	52.4	60.6	65.4
Other	9.1	0.0	14.3	0.0	16.7	20.0	8.7	7.1	11.1	20.8	20.3	17.0
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Number	11	13	14	9	18	5	23	14	1,623	1,190	1,340	1,870

3.5 Exits by Race/ethnicity (%)
	Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is.				Hispanic (of any race)				White (non-Hispanic)
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005
Adoption	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14.8	25.0	11.3	20.4	14.7	19.8	18.2	17.3
Guardianship	0.0	0.0	0.0	33.3	1.2	0.0	1.0	1.5	<.1	0.1	0.3	0.6
Reunification	0.0	0.0	100.0	66.7	77.8	61.7	71.1	68.4	72.4	61.4	64.0	68.1
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.3	13.3	16.7	9.7	11.5	18.5	17.4	14.1
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.3	0.1	0.0	0.0
Number	0	0	7	3	162	180	204	269	3,496	2,791	3,113	4,010

3.5 Exits by Race/ethnicity (%)
	Unable to Determine				Two or More Races				Missing Data
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005
Adoption	4.4	3.6	9.1	9.4	35.2	38.3	40.4	28.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guardianship	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reunification	86.7	89.3	79.2	82.9	52.3	51.9	47.5	62.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	6.7	7.1	11.7	6.8	11.4	9.9	12.1	8.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Missing data	2.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	45	28	77	117	88	81	99	129	0	0	0	0

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)

4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Less than 12 mos.	65.0	72.4	76.0	73.7
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	22.7	19.2	16.7	18.4
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	6.5	4.5	4.4	4.8
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	2.4	1.8	1.3	1.6
48 or more mos.	3.1	1.8	1.4	1.2
Missing data	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3
Number	3,857	2,527	3,093	4,332

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Children entering care for the first time	81.2	82.8	84.4	81.9
Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode	11.1	9.5	8.6	10.8
Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode	7.7	7.6	7.0	7.3
Missing data	0.0	<.1	<.1	0.0
Number	6,047	6,305	6,715	7,056

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Less than 12 mos.	2.4	2.8	2.8	4.1
At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos.	9.3	11.0	18.2	23.5
At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos.	16.4	18.2	25.7	28.4
At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos.	16.8	17.8	19.2	17.2
48 or more mos.	55.1	50.2	34.0	26.9
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	899	944	890	1,121

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
	In Care Less Than 12 Months				In Care at Least 12 months but Less Than 24 months				In Care for 24 Months or Longer				Missing Time in Care
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005	2002	2003	2004	2005
Children with 2 or fewer placements	64.9	72.3	73.7	72.9	35.3	39.1	45.8	45.2	39.8	31.4	26.0	26.8	57.1	83.3	84.8	96.9
Children with 3 or more placements	32.5	26.8	25.3	26.3	64.2	60.4	53.9	54.6	59.6	68.2	73.9	73.2	2.4	4.8	4.3	3.1
Number	7,110	6,998	7,469	8,257	2,990	2,706	3,188	3,295	4,660	4,029	3,764	3,854	42	42	46	32

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
	2002	2003	2004	2005
Group homes	2.3	0.9	0.5	0.4
Institutions	2.2	1.6	1.8	1.5
Other settings	95.5	97.5	97.7	98.1
Missing data	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Number	2,526	3,191	3,483	3,464

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews9

Composite One: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification
	2004	2005
Composite Score	--	119.7
C1.1: Percent of reunifications that occur in less than 12 months (with adjustments)	74.0	73.0
C1.2: Median length of stay in months of children exiting to reunification (with adjustments)	6.2	7.0
C1.3: Percent of children in entry cohort who are reunified in less than 12 months (with adjustments)	32.2	25.0
C1.4: Percent of children reentering foster care in less than 12 months	16.7	11.1

Composite Two: Timeliness of Adoptions
	2004	2005
Composite Score	--	91.4
C2.1: Percent of adoptions occurring in less than 24 months	21.0	27.6
C2.2: Median length of stay in months of children who are adopted	37.9	32.5
C2.3: Percent of children in foster care for 17+ months on first day of fiscal year who are adopted by the end of the year	24.1	28.6
C2.4: Percent of children in foster care for 17+ months on first day of fiscal year who are not legally free for adoption who become legally free within 6 months	5.3	8.6
C2.5: Percent of children legally free for adoption who are adopted in less than 12 months of becoming legally free	50.8	36.7

Composite Three: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time
	2004	2005
Composite Score	--	141.0
C3.1: Percent of children in foster care for 24+ months on the first day of fiscal year who exit to permanency by age 18 or by the end of the fiscal year	28.9	34.3
C3.2: Percent of children who are legally free for adoption who exit to a permanent home	93.3	93.2
C3.3: Percent of children emancipated or reaching age 18 who were in foster care for at least 3 years	25.1	21.7

Composite Four: Placement Stability While in Foster Care
	2004	2005
Composite Score	--	75.3
C4.1: Percent of children in care for less than 12 months with 2 or fewer placement settings	72.8	71.9
C4.2: Percent of children in care for 12 to 24 months with 2 or fewer placement settings	46.5	46.3
C4.3: Percent of children in care for at least 24 months with 2 or fewer placement settings	26.4	27.3

9 State composite scores for 2004 are not provided because that year's data served as the source data for the establishment of the national standards. Composite scores are not used for performance assessment purposes until 2005; therefore, only 2005 composite scores are provided. Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Back

Tennessee [State Comment]

Viola P. Miller, Commissioner
Tennessee Department of Children's Services

The following are Tennessee's comments on the State's data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 2002-2005: Report to Congress.

Section B (Maltreatment information overview): The considerable increase in the number and rate of child maltreatment victims reported between 2002 and 2005 is a result of the data quality impact of migrating from a manual data collection and reporting process in 2002 to the current electronic data collection and reporting process.

Section C (Children in foster care): Using the current point-in-time methodology for AFCARS reporting, the possibility will always exist for some difference in the number of active cases on the last day of one reporting cycle and the number of active cases on the first day of the next reporting cycle. As a result of technical assistance in 2005 from the National Resource Center for Child Welfare Data and Technology (NRC-CWDT) and a review of the AFCARS code, several coding modifications have been implemented that have improved the consistency of the data between submissions and significantly reduced the number of dropped cases. Evidence and review of the current submissions indicate these code changes have been successful and changes should be reflected in future reporting.

Section D (Children waiting to be adopted): As a result of technical assistance in 2005 from the NRC-CWDT and a review of the AFCARS code, modifications have been implemented to include waivers of parental rights for FC elements #47 and 48 and AD elements #19 and 20 for fathers pursuant to Tennessee law. Other issues contributing to a lower percentage of termination data on both parents include missing data and inconsistent data entry practice. These issues are being addressed through training.

Outcome Measure 3.4: To accurately assess this measure, the state has requested additional information from ACF regarding the definition for the discharge reason "emancipation." In Tennessee, children may exit from foster care at age 18 for reasons other than emancipation or "aging out" as in the case of being reunified with family members, relative placement guardianship, or in rare cases, an adoption that is not finalized until the child turns 18. Other situations include those children who are subsequently transferred to another agency or who are on runaway upon reaching the age of majority.

Outcome measure 1.1: We believe the 2005 data has been impacted by addressing and resolving a significant backlog of open cases and somewhat impacted by ongoing data entry issues being addressed through training. As a result, we continue to struggle with stabilizing the data to the extent that we can develop a realistic and accurate baseline from which to mark improvement. Additional technical assistance from the NRC-CWDT is being considered.

Outcome measures 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3: We believe any increase in exits from foster care that were not to a permanent home are the result of the overall increase in total exits between 2003 and 2005, the significant focus on permanency or exiting custody for children in foster care for more than 2 years, and changes in overall population or case mix.

Tennessee [Federal Comment]

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

Tennessee's performance in achieving outcomes related to the safety and permanency of children served by the child welfare system is discussed below. The discussion focuses on performance in 2005 and change in performance over time, which is determined by calculating the percent change from a prior year to 2005. The prior year selected varies depending on the availability and reliability of data. A percent change that is less than 5.0 (either positive or negative) is considered to represent "no change."

The discussion incorporates information about performance on the seven outcomes that have been part of the Report to Congress since its inception. In general, data are provided for these outcomes from 2002 to 2005 and their measures are identified using the labels provided in the data pages (e.g., measure 1.1, 2.1, etc.). The discussion also incorporates information about performance on measures included in four composite data indicators recently developed for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews. (See appendix B for a discussion of these measures.) The composites and measures are presented on the last page of the data pages and are identified below using the labels provided on the data page (e.g., measure C1.2, C1.3, etc.). Data are available for these outcome measures for 2004 and 2005 only.

Outcomes Pertaining to Safety

In 2005, 8.1 percent of the children who were victims of child maltreatment in the first 6 months of the fiscal year experienced another maltreatment incident within a 6-month period (measure 1.1). This percentage exceeds the national median of 6.6 percent and represents a decline in performance from 2003 (138.2 percent change).
In 2005, 0.87 percent of children in foster care in Tennessee were found to be victims of maltreatment by foster parents or facility staff members (measure 2.1). This percentage exceeds the national median of 0.42 percent and represents a decline in performance from 2004 (262.5 percent change).

Outcomes Pertaining to Permanency

Performance with regard to exits from foster care to a permanent home (i.e., children discharged from foster care to adoption, guardianship, or reunification).

In 2005, 85.6 percent of all children exiting foster care (measure 3.1) were discharged to a permanent home, which is less than the national median of 87.8 percent. However, 80.3 percent of children exiting foster care who had a diagnosed disability (measure 3.2), and 73.4 percent of children exiting foster care who were older than age 12 when they entered foster care (measure 3.3) were discharged to a permanent home. The percentages are about equal to the national medians for these measures (national medians for measures 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 are 87.8 percent, 79 percent, and 73.1 percent, respectively).
In 2005, 34.3 percent of the children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the fiscal year were discharged from foster care to a permanent home by the last day of the fiscal year (measure C3.1). This percentage exceeds the national median of 26.4 percent and represents an improvement in performance from 2004 (18.7 percent change).
In 2005, 93.2 percent of the children exiting foster care who were legally free for adoption (i.e., a parental rights termination date was reported for both parents) were discharged to a permanent home (measure C3.2). This percentage is less than the national median of 95.7 percent.

Performance with regard to children remaining in foster care until emancipated.

In 2005, 11.7 percent of the children exiting foster care had a discharge reason of "emancipation" and 16.1 percent of these children were age 12 or younger when they entered foster care (measure 3.4). This latter percentage is less than the national median of 27.6 percent and represents a decline in performance from 2002, but an improvement in performance from 2004.
In 2005, 21.7 percent of the children exiting foster care with a discharge reason of emancipation had been in foster care for 3 years or longer (measure C3.3). This percentage is less than the national median of 48.1 percent and represents improvement in performance from 2004 (13.5 percent change).

Performance with regard to the timeliness and permanency of reunifications.

In 2005, 73.0 percent of the reunifications of children who were in foster care for 8 days or longer occurred in less than 12 months from the time of the child's entry into foster care (measure C1.1). This percentage exceeds the national median of 70.4 percent.
Measure C1.3 indicates that 25.0 percent of the children entering foster care in the last 6 months of 2005 were reunified in less than 12 months from the time of entry into foster care. This percentage is less than the national median of 38.7 percent and represents a decline in performance from 2004 (22.4 percent change).
Measure C1.4 indicates that 11.1 percent of children exiting foster care to reunification in 2005 reentered foster care in less than 12 months. This percentage is less than the national median of 14.8 percent and represents an improvement in performance from 2004 (33.5 percent change). Because measure C1.4 is a longitudinal measure of foster care reentry, it is intended to replace measure 4.2 as the assessment of foster care reentry.

Performance with regard to the timeliness of adoptions.

In 2005, 27.6 percent of finalized adoptions occurred within 24 months of the child's entry into foster care (measures 5.1 and C2.1). This percentage is less than the national median of 29.1 percent, but represents an improvement in performance from 2002 (135.9 percent change).
In 2005, 28.6 percent of children in foster care for 17 months or longer at the start of the fiscal year who did not exit to reunification or guardianship were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the end of the year (measure C2.3). This percentage exceeds the national median of 20.9 percent and represents an improvement in performance from 2004 (18.7 percent change).
Measure C2.5 indicates that 36.7 percent of children who became legally free for adoption in 2005 (i.e., there was a termination of parental rights date reported for mother and father) were adopted in less than 12 months of becoming legally free. This percentage is less than the national median of 45.1 percent and represents a decline in performance from 2004 (27.8 percent change).

Outcomes Pertaining to the Stability and Appropriateness of Placements

In 2005, 71.9 percent of the children in foster care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months experienced two or fewer placement settings (measure C4.1). This percentage is less than the national median of 82.4 percent.
In 2005, 26.8 percent of children in foster care for 24 months or longer experienced two or fewer placement settings (measure 6.1). This percentage is less than the national median of 32.3 percent and represents a decline in performance from 2002 (32.7 percent change).
In 2005, 1.9 percent of the children entering foster care at age 12 or younger were placed in a group home or institution (measure 7.1). This percentage is one of the lowest in the nation and represents an improvement in performance from 2002 (57.8 percent change).