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• SSBG 2004:
• Executive Summary
• Chapter 1
• Chapter 2
• Chapter 3
• Chapter 4
• Chapter 5
• Appendices

CHAPTER 4. SERVICE RECIPIENTS

This chapter discusses the number of adults and children who benefited from services funded by the Social Services Block Grant (SSBG). During 2004, an estimated 14,673,000 people received services supported at least partially by the SSBG.^1,2 Of these clients, 8,611,000 (59%) were children and 6,063,000 (41%) were adults. The following are examples of individuals who have benefited from services funded by the SSBG.³

At age 82, Dan is no longer able to drive due to his failing eyesight. Although his wife of 60 years, Mary, earned her first driver's license at age 81, she is not always available to take Dan to his local doctor visits. Dan and Mary's children and grandchildren live in the area, but Dan and Mary are reluctant to interrupt their daily lives unless necessary. Dan and Mary have secured alternative transportation through their local Department of Human Services. This service, funded by the SSBG, transports Dan to health-related appointments when other options are not available.

Isabella is the 20-year-old mother of baby Lucia. Isabella and Lucia moved to the United States from a country in South America. Isabella hopes to remain permanently in the United States to raise her child. Although Isabella entered the country legally, she has been faced with a number of immigration issues that are threatening her ability to seek employment and to become an American citizen. Because Isabella is unable to secure a job, she is unable to pay for a private attorney. Isabella has received legal services, funded by the SSBG, through a community-based organization that specializes in working with immigrants.

Following a series of fires in his neighborhood, 16-year-old Matt was determined to be the culprit. Through an alternative sentencing program for juvenile offenders aged 18 years and younger, Matt was placed for 6 weeks in a residential treatment facility, funded in part by the SSBG. During his stay at the residential treatment facility, Matt participated in a social functioning and psychological evaluation, social counseling, GED preparation, and recreational activities. Following Matt's release from the facility, he was connected with professionals in his area who are supporting his positive social interactions.

State agencies used various methods to count SSBG services recipients. Some States reported all individuals who accessed a specific service in the State, regardless of the proportion of funding by the SSBG. Other States reported a proportion of total clients based on specific criteria, such as eligibility, clients of certain agencies, or programs that received SSBG funding. Despite this variation, State counts of service recipients were not adjusted, and all State recipient data were included in this report.

Recipients by State

California reported the largest number of people (2,246,000) who benefited from services, while Texas was second with 1,959,000 recipients. Four other States--Illinois, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Ohio--each reported more than 500,000 service recipients. (See figure 4-1.)

Figure 4-1 Recipients by State, 2004 (in thousands)
State	Children	Adults
California	1,599.63	646.19
Texas	1,089.78	869.32
Illinois	975.35	656.56
New Jersey	331.33	763.07
North Carolina	356.18	328.94
Ohio	208.77	291.55
Florida	344.28	146.42
Michigan	382.19	71.63
Pennsylvania	209.33	198.51
Minnesota	174.45	201.09
Nevada	269.23	94.93
Rhode Island	103.72	209.75
Wisconsin	152.25	160.28
Arizona	103.60	168.45
Virginia	65.02	184.32
Utah	109.56	135.86
Washington	234.80	0.00
New York	164.01	63.47
New Hampshire	102.32	118.60
Kentucky	133.84	82.13
Georgia	131.00	48.07
Indiana	107.50	67.33
Oklahoma	123.78	42.82
Maryland	106.70	55.70
Missouri	119.37	30.45
Tennessee	124.56	12.78
Iowa	92.03	24.02
Connecticut	29.44	74.95
Kansas	77.51	24.48
Mississippi	48.51	40.54
West Virginia	52.78	31.56
Massachusetts	33.95	29.89
Arkansas	17.56	37.88
South Carolina	42.45	12.75
Louisiana	48.89	4.73
Oregon	48.69	0.00
Nebraska	22.70	25.08
North Dakota	18.12	28.67
Colorado	43.75	2.78
District of Columbia	30.01	16.33
Alabama	43.51	0.00
South Dakota	26.63	6.68
Vermont	5.39	27.38
Alaska	30.00	0.00
New Mexico	20.55	6.95
Delaware	16.25	1.46
Hawaii	14.00	1.38
Maine	5.52	9.24
Idaho	9.14	1.70
Montana	3.02	5.88
Wyoming	7.91	0.00
Note: Appendix F, table F-5, contains supporting data for this figure.

Recipients by Service

In 2004, the largest of number of service recipients was reported for child day care; in 41 States, approximately 3,019,000 children attended day care programs funded at least partially by the SSBG. These children comprised 21 percent of all reported SSBG recipients. When child day care clients were excluded from the total number of SSBG service recipients, the proportion of adults and children served changed significantly (52% adults, 48% children).

Four other SSBG-funded services--case management, child protective services, information and referral, and special services for individuals with disabilities--benefited more than one million people each. (See figure 4-2.)

Figure 4-2 Recipients by Service, 2004
States	Children	Adults	Number of States
Day Care--Children	3,019	10	41
Protective Services--Children	1,361	298	38
Information and Referral	564	894	19
Special Services--Disabled	367	941	27
Case Management	476	743	27
Health-Related Services	614	215	15
Prevention and Intervention	453	257	34
Family Planning Services	167	535	14
Foster Care Services--Children	542	2	37
Protective Services--Adults	0	462	34
Other Services	166	286	25
Home-Based Services	111	292	38
Transportation	34	166	22
Substance Abuse Services	13	185	14
Adoption Services	171	12	29
Counseling Services	96	83	23
Education and Training Services	18	149	17
Special Services--Youth at Risk	162	4	15
Pregnancy and Parenting	134	5	10
Housing Services	40	98	10
Congregate Meals	1	99	10
Legal Services	41	52	15
Home-Delivered Meals	0	82	18
Independent/Transitional Living	18	42	17
Residential Treatment	32	20	23
Day Care--Adults	0	51	22
Recreation Services	6	29	9
Employment Services	2	32	14
Foster Care Services--Adults	0	20	13
Note: Appendix F, table F-6, contains supporting data for this figure. N = Number of States.

Age of Recipients

In five States--Alabama, Alaska, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming--SSBG-funded services were provided entirely to children. Additionally, children accounted for more than 90 percent of the recipients in Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Louisiana, and Tennessee. The States that served the most children were California (1,600,000), Texas (1,090,000), and Illinois (975,000).

Many SSBG-supported services are designated specifically for children, such as child day care, child foster care, child protective services, adoption, and special services for youth at risk. States also reported some other service categories as provided to a large proportion of children, such as pregnancy and parenting (96%), health-related services (74%), prevention and intervention (64%), residential treatment (62%), and counseling (54%).

In addition to reporting adults and children separately, States reported the number of adults in two age categories--59 years and younger and 60 years and older. Thirty-seven States submitted data for recipients in these categories.⁴ The analyses of recipient data by age include only these States.

New Jersey reported the largest number of clients age 60 years and older (419,000). Forty-one percent of adults who accessed SSBG-funded services in Mississippi were in the age category 60 years and older. More than 30 percent of adult clients in Arizona, Montana, and New Jersey were in the age category 60 years and older.

The service category with the largest proportion of adults age 60 years and older was congregate meals (92% of adults), followed by home-delivered meals (85%), and recreation services (84%). More than one-half of the adult clients of adult foster care and transportation also were in the age category 60 years and older.

• SSBG 2004:
• Executive Summary
• Chapter 1
• Chapter 2
• Chapter 3
• Chapter 4
• Chapter 5
• Appendices