• SSBG 2007 |
• Executive Summary|
• Chapter 1|
• Chapter 2|
• Chapter 3|
• Chapter 4|
• Chapter 5|
• Chapter 6|
• Appendices

CHAPTER 4. SERVICES

This chapter provides trend analyses for certain services over the past 10 years (1998–2007) of State expenditures. The chapter also outlines expenditure and recipient data for each of the 29 service categories to provide an understanding of how States expended the Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) allocation and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant transfer funds. It also includes a section that illustrates the various methods of providing services.

SSBG Ten-Year Expenditure Trends: 1998–2007

The first single-year report on SSBG expenditures and recipients was produced in 1998. Data are now available for 10 years. Ten-year trend analyses are provided for the following eight service categories that were within the five largest expenditures reported at any time during this ten-year period—case management services, child day care services, child foster care services, home-based services, prevention and intervention services, adult protective services, child protective services, and special services for individuals with disabilities.

These trends provide an overall picture of how SSBG expenditures for specific services have changed over the past 10 years at the national level. One important caveat in comparing data across this 10-year period is that reporting of expenditures of TANF transfers changed in 2001. During 1998 to 2000, the SSBG post-expenditure reporting form did not collect expenditure data on expenditures of TANF transfer funds by specific service category, so States simply reported the full amount transferred from TANF block grant into the SSBG program. While States’ expenditures for many services included some funds transferred in from TANF transfer allocations, these expenditures were not reflected in the post-expenditure reports during these years. In the annual reports for each of these years, a large amount of “Uncategorized TANF Transfer Expenditures” was included, along with the table of SSBG expenditures by service. It is not known for which services these funds were used. [20] Therefore, expenditures for each of the services during 1998–2000 may actually have been larger than they appear in these figures.

It is also important to note that, although the Federal SSBG allocation has remained constant since 2002, it declined from $2.3 billion in 1998 to $1.7 billion in 2002. During this time, States increased their transfers of TANF transfer funds into the SSBG program. In 2007, 44 States spent $1.2 billion in funds transferred from the TANF block grant, an 84% increase from 1998 ($639 million for 24 States). (See chapter 2, figure 2–2.) Different States may be included in the totals for different years because States have the flexibility to use SSBG funds for different services each year. (See appendix D for service definitions.)

Eight Largest SSBG Expenditure Categories

Trend data for the eight service categories receiving the largest amount of SSBG expenditures between 1998 and 2007 are examined here.

• Expenditures for child day care services decreased from $397 million (43 States) in 1999 to $220 million (41 States) in 2006. In 2007, expenditures for this service increased to $389 million. Overall, expenditures for this service increased by 40% from $279 million (46 States) in 1998 to $389 million (39 States) in 2007. (See figure 4–1.)

Figure 4–1 Child Day Care Services, SSBG Expenditures, 1998–2007 (in millions)
Year	SSBG Expenditures	TANF Transfer	Number of States
1998	$279	$0	46
1999	$397	$0	43
2000	$164	$0	43
2001	$201	$0	45
2002	$100	$105	44
2003	$74	$90	41
2004	$113	$141	41
2005	$118	$123	42
2006	$153	$68	41
2007	$105	$284	39
Note: Appendix F, table F–9, contains supporting data for this figure.

• In 2007, the largest amount of SSBG funds expended was for child foster care services. Expenditures increased from $233 million (34 States) in 1998 to $337 million (34 States) in 2000, with a drop to $270 million in 2001 and $264 million in 2002. Expenditures for child foster care services increased by 27% from $332 million (35 States) in 2003 to $421 million (States 38) in 2007. Overall, during the past 10 years, there was an increase of 80% in expenditures for child foster care services. (See figure 4–2.)

Figure 4–2 Child Foster Care Services, SSBG Expenditures, 1998–2007 (in millions)
Year	SSBG Expenditures	TANF Transfer	Number of States
1998	$233	$0	34
1999	$323	$0	37
2000	$337	$0	34
2001	$270	$0	35
2002	$133	$130	37
2003	$155	$177	35
2004	$157	$175	37
2005	$144	$215	38
2006	$153	$257	37
2007	$140	$281	38
Note: Appendix F, table F–9, contains supporting data for this figure.

• During the past 10 years, there was an increase of 95% in SSBG expenditures for adult protective services. Expenditures increased from $83 million (31 States) in 1998 to $153 million (34 States) in 2002, with a drop to $147 million in 2003. Expenditures for adult protective services increased from $134 million (34 States) in 2004 to $204 million (37 States) in 2006, with a drop to $162 million (34 States) in 2007. (See figure 4–3.)

Figure 4–3 Adult Protective Services, SSBG Expenditures, 1998–2007 (in millions)
Year	SSBG Expenditures	TANF Transfer	Number of States
1998	$83	$0	31
1999	$111	$0	33
2000	$142	$0	32
2001	$152	$0	32
2002	$128	$25	34
2003	$124	$23	34
2004	$113	$21	34
2005	$150	$19	37
2006	$198	$6	37
2007	$157	$5	34
Note: Appendix F, table F–9, contains supporting data for this figure.

• During the past 10 years, expenditures for child protective services increased by 30%. In 2002, the largest amount of SSBG funds expended was for child protective services— totaling $330 million in 40 States. The amount expended on child protective services decreased to $194 million (38 States) in 2004, and then increased to $270 million (39 States) in 2007. (See figure 4–4.)

Figure 4–4 Child Protective Services, SSBG Expenditures, 1998–2007 (in millions)
Year	SSBG Expenditures	TANF Transfer	Number of States
1998	$208	$0	37
1999	$269	$0	42
2000	$305	$0	41
2001	$314	$0	43
2002	$108	$222	40
2003	$102	$114	39
2004	$114	$81	38
2005	$130	$127	41
2006	$133	$179	42
2007	$109	$161	39
Note: Appendix F, table F–9, contains supporting data for this figure.

• Expenditures for special services for individuals with disabilities decreased from $247 million (25 States) in 1998 to $221 million (28 States) in 2001. Expenditures then increased from $328 million (28 States) in 2002 to $336 million in (27 States) in 2004, with a drop to $255 million in 2005. In 2007, States expended $367 million (26 States). The overall expenditures increased by 48% from 1998 to 2007. (See figure 4–5.)

Figure 4–5 Special Services for Individuals with Disabilities, SSBG Expenditures, 1998–2007 (in millions)
Year	SSBG Expenditures	TANF Transfer	Number of States
1998	$247	$0	25
1999	$235	$0	28
2000	$218	$0	29
2001	$221	$0	28
2002	$260	$68	28
2003	$320	$22	27
2004	$304	$32	27
2005	$242	$12	27
2006	$309	$79	26
2007	$299	$68	26
Note: Appendix F, table F–9, contains supporting data for this figure.

In 1998, the largest amount of SSBG funds expended was for home-based services. Expenditures for home-based services decreased by 38% from $278 million in 1998 (36 States) to $172 million (34 States) in 2007. (See figure 4–6.)

Figure 4–6 Home-Based Services, SSBG Expenditures, 1998–2007 (in millions)
Year	SSBG Expenditures	TANF Transfer	Number of States
1998	$278	$0	36
1999	$208	$0	36
2000	$202	$0	35
2001	$202	$0	37
2002	$195	$31	35
2003	$18	$153	36
2004	$160	$61	38
2005	$23	$153	34
2006	$23	$159	35
2007	$147	$25	34
Note: Appendix F, table F–9, contains supporting data for this figure.

• During the past 10 years, expenditures for prevention and intervention services decreased by 13%. The expenditures for this service decreased from $150 million (35 States) in 1998 to $130 million (32 States) in 2007. The largest amount of SSBG funds expended for prevention and intervention services, totaling $279 million (36 States), occurred in 1999. (See figure 4–7.)

Figure 4–7 Prevention and Intervention, SSBG Expenditures, 1998–2007 (in millions)
Year	SSBG Expenditures	TANF Transfer	Number of States
1998	$150	$0	35
1999	$279	$0	36
2000	$206	$0	33
2001	$206	$0	34
2002	$52	$96	35
2003	$59	$92	36
2004	$44	$91	35
2005	$97	$48	35
2006	$91	$44	35
2007	$37	$93	32
Note: Appendix F, table F–9, contains supporting data for this figure.

• Expenditures for case management services increased from $103 million (28 States) in 1998 to $174 million (28 States) in 2001. Expenditures remained constant from 2002 to 2003 at approximately $162 million, and then increased to $176 million in 2004, with a small drop to $161 in 2005. The expenditures for this service increased from $175 million (27 States) in 2006 to $189 million (29 States) in 2007. During the past 10 years, expenditures for case management services increased by 84%. (See Figure 4–8.)

Figure 4–8 Case Management, SSBG Expenditures, 1998–2007 (in millions)
Year	SSBG Expenditures	TANF Transfer	Number of States
1998	$103	$0	28
1999	$133	$0	28
2000	$180	$0	29
2001	$174	$0	28
2002	$113	$48	29
2003	$114	$49	26
2004	$128	$48	27
2005	$113	$47	28
2006	$118	$57	27
2007	$126	$63	29
Note: Appendix F, table F–9, contains supporting data for this figure.

SSBG Service Expenditures

This section provides information on the number of States that reported any expenditure for each of the 29 service categories. Also, this section reports the following information and analyses about expenditures and recipients for each of the 29 service categories:

• The amount of SSBG expenditures for a particular service and the State that accounted for the greatest percentage of that amount;
• The amount of TANF transfer funds used to support the service and the number of States that reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for that service;
• The States that reported at least 25% of their SSBG expenditures for the service, if any, or the State that reported the highest percentage of its expenditures for that service; and
• The number of individuals who received the service, as well as the percentages of children and adults.

Appendix F, tables F–3, F–6, F–7, and F–8, provide greater detail regarding the funding and recipients of specific social services within each State.

Adoption Services

Twenty-five States reported SSBG expenditures for adoption services.

• SSBG expenditures for adoption services were $39 million; New Mexico accounted for 11% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 36% ($14 million) of SSBG expenditures for adoption services—17 States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Two States reported that 25% or more of their SSBG expenditures were used for adoption services—Alaska (42%) and New Mexico (41%).
• Approximately 164,000 children received adoption services funded by the SSBG program. [21]
• Expenditures for adoption services increased by 83% from 1998 ($21 million for 30 States) to 2007 ($39 million for 25 States).

Case Management Services

Twenty-nine States reported SSBG expenditures for case management services.

• SSBG expenditures for case management services were $189 million; Missouri accounted for 18% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 33% ($63 million) of SSBG expenditures for case management services—16 States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Nine States reported that 25% or more of their SSBG expenditures were targeted for case management services—Missouri (60%), Vermont (59%), Tennessee (41%), Iowa (40%), New Jersey (39%), Puerto Rico (38%), Washington (27%), Nebraska (26%), and Minnesota (25%).
• Three million individuals (43% children, 57% adults) received case management services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for case management services increased by 84% from 1998 ($103 million for 28 States) to 2007 ($189 million for 29 States).

Congregate Meals

Thirteen States reported SSBG expenditures for congregate meals.

• SSBG expenditures for congregate meals were $6 million; Oklahoma accounted for 75% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for less than 1% ($7,945) of SSBG expenditures for congregate meals—two States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Oklahoma, 13% of SSBG expenditures were used for congregate meals.
• Approximately 100,000 individuals (2% children, 98% adults) benefited from congregate meals funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for congregate meals increased by 138% from 1998 ($3 million for nine States) to 2007 ($6 million for 13 States).

Counseling Services

Twenty-four States reported SSBG expenditures for counseling services.

• SSBG expenditures for counseling services were $27 million; Illinois accounted for 20% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 15% ($4 million) of SSBG expenditures for counseling services—ten States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In North Dakota, 100% ($3,631,152) of SSBG expenditures were for counseling services.
• Approximately 186,000 individuals (53% children, 47% adults) accessed counseling services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for counseling services decreased by 39% from 1998 ($44 million for 24 States) to 2007 ($27 million for 24 States).

Day Care—Adults

Twenty-one States reported SSBG expenditures for adult day care.

• SSBG expenditures for adult day care were $17 million; Texas accounted for 38% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 6% ($1 million) of SSBG expenditures spent on adult day care—three States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In New Mexico, 12% of SSBG expenditures were for adult day care.
• Approximately 56,000 adults attended adult day care programs that were funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for adult day care increased by 17% from 1998 ($15 million for 25 States) to 2007 ($17 million for 21 States).

Day Care—Children

Thirty-eight States reported SSBG expenditures for child day care.

• SSBG expenditures for child day care were $389 million; California accounted for 65% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 73% ($284 million) of SSBG expenditures for child day care—17 States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Five States reported that 25% or more of their SSBG expenditures were for child day care—Delaware (51%), California (43%), Connecticut (35%), Pennsylvania (30%), and South Carolina (25%).
• Approximately 4 million children attended child day care programs funded by the SSBG program. [22]
• Expenditures for child day care increased by 40% from 1998 ($279 million for 46 States) to 2007 ($389 million for 39 States).

Education and Training Services

Seventeen States reported SSBG expenditures for education and training services.

• SSBG expenditures for education and training services were $12 million; Florida accounted for 33% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 12% of SSBG expenditures for education and training services—six States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Indiana, 10% of SSBG expenditures were utilized for education and training services.
• Approximately 140,000 individuals (11% children, 89% adults) were enrolled in education and training programs funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for education and training services increased by 22% from 1998 ($10 million for 16 States) to 2007 ($12 million for 17 States).

Employment Services

Eleven States reported SSBG expenditures for employment services.

• SSBG expenditures for employment services were $14 million; Ohio accounted for 51% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 1% ($127,000) of SSBG expenditures for employment services—three States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Nevada, 7% of SSBG expenditures were used for employment services.
• More than 39,000 individuals (20% children, 80% adults) received employment services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for employment services decreased by 79% from 1998 ($67 million for 13 States) to 2007 ($14 million for 11 States).

Family Planning Services

Thirteen States reported SSBG expenditures for family planning services.

• SSBG expenditures for family planning services were $39 million; Texas accounted for 63% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 45% ($18 million) of SSBG expenditures for family planning services—five States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Texas, 14% of SSBG expenditures were allocated for family planning services.
• More than 717,000 individuals (11% children, 89% adults) received family planning services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for family planning services decreased by 8% from 1998 ($43 million for 14 States) to 2007 ($39 million for 13 States).

Foster Care Services—Adults

Twelve States reported SSBG expenditures for adult foster care.

• SSBG expenditures for adult foster care services were $31 million; California accounted for 30% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 21% ($6 million) of SSBG expenditures for adult foster care services—four States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Puerto Rico, 22% of SSBG expenditures were allotted for adult foster care services.
• Approximately 62,000 adults received care in adult foster care programs funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for adult foster care services increased by 522% from 1998 ($5 million for 13 States) to 2007 ($31 million for 12 States).

Foster Care Services—Children

Thirty-eight States reported SSBG expenditures for child foster care services.

• SSBG expenditures for child foster care services were $421 million; California accounted for 26% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 67% ($281 million) of SSBG expenditures for child foster care services—26 States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Four States reported that more than 50% of their SSBG expenditures were used for this service—Colorado (92%), Arizona (61%), Louisiana (60%), and Kansas (58%).
• More than 541,000 children were cared for in child foster care programs funded by the SSBG program. [23]
• Expenditures for child foster care services increased by 80% from 1998 ($233 million for 34 States) to 2007 ($421 million in 38 States).

Health-Related Services

Fourteen States reported SSBG expenditures for health-related services.

• SSBG expenditures for health-related services were $18 million; Florida accounted for 41% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 9% ($1.5 million) of SSBG expenditures for health-related services—five States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Wisconsin, 6% of SSBG expenditures were used for health-related services.
• Approximately 368,000 individuals (69% children, 31% adults) received health-related services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for health-related services increased by 53% from 1998 ($11 million for 14 States) to 2007 ($18 million for 14 States).

Home-Based Services

Thirty-four States reported SSBG expenditures for home-based services.

• SSBG expenditures for home-based services were $172 million; Illinois accounted for 30% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 15% ($25 million) of SSBG expenditures for home-based services—eight States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Two States reported that 25% or more of their SSBG expenditures were used for this service—Illinois (49%) and New Hampshire (39%).
• More than 231,000 individuals (18% children, 82% adults) benefited from home-based services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for home-based services decreased by 38% from 1998 ($278 million for 36 States) to 2007 ($172 million for 34 States).

Home-Delivered Meals

Eighteen States reported SSBG expenditures for home-delivered meals.

• SSBG expenditures for home-delivered meals were $28 million; Texas accounted for 58% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for less than 1% ($66,407) of SSBG expenditures for home-delivered meals—two States reported expenditures of TANF for this service.
• In New Hampshire, 17% of SSBG expenditures were apportioned for home-delivered meals.
• More than 93,000 individuals (1% children, 99% adults) received home-delivered meals funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for home-delivered meals increased by 61% from 1998 ($18 million for 17 States) to 2007 ($28 million for 18 States).

Housing Services

Eleven States reported SSBG expenditures for housing services.

• SSBG expenditures for housing services were $14 million; Pennsylvania accounted for 30% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 47% ($7 million) of SSBG expenditures for housing services—five States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Rhode Island, 4% of SSBG expenditures were utilized for housing services.
• More than 293,000 individuals (53% children, 47% adults) received housing services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for housing services increased by 273% from 1998 ($4 million for nine States) to 2007 ($14 million for 11 States).

Independent/Transitional Living Services

Sixteen States reported SSBG expenditures for independent/transitional living.

• SSBG expenditures for independent/transitional living were $11 million; Connecticut accounted for 46% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 23% ($2.5 million) of SSBG expenditures for independent/transitional living services—seven States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Connecticut, 10% of SSBG expenditures were targeted for independent/ transitional living services.
• More than 40,000 individuals (20% children, 80% adults) participated in independent/transitional living programs funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for independent/transitional living decreased by 47% from 1998 ($20 million for 16 States) to 2007 ($11 million for 16 States).

Information and Referral Services

Sixteen States reported SSBG expenditures for information and referral services.

• SSBG expenditures for information and referral were $16 million; Ohio accounted for 25% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 35% ($6 million) of SSBG expenditures for information and referral services—six States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In New Hampshire, 10% of SSBG expenditures were used for information and referral services.
• Approximately 5 million individuals (17% children, 83% adults) received information and referral services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for information and referral services decreased by 9% from 1998 ($18 million for 16 States) to 2007 ($16 million for 16 States).

Legal Services

Fifteen States reported SSBG expenditures for legal services.

• SSBG expenditures for legal services were $16 million; Pennsylvania accounted for 32% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 34% ($5 million) of SSBG expenditures for legal services—eight States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Pennsylvania, 5% of SSBG expenditures were allocated for legal services.
• More than 163,000 individuals (26% children, 74% adults) received legal services funded by the SSBG.
• Expenditures for legal services increased by 62% from 1998 ($10 million for 14 States) to 2007 ($16 million for 15 States).

Pregnancy and Parenting Services

Nine States reported SSBG expenditures for pregnancy and parenting services.

• SSBG expenditures for pregnancy and parenting services were $7 million; Illinois accounted for 53% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 36% ($2 million) of SSBG expenditures for pregnancy and parenting services—three States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Illinois, 3% of SSBG expenditures were allotted for pregnancy and parenting services.
• Approximately 19,000 individuals (74% children, 26% adults) accessed pregnancy and parenting services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for pregnancy and parenting decreased by 36% from 1998 ($11 million for 13 States) to 2007 ($7 million for nine States).

Prevention and Intervention Services

Thirty-two States reported SSBG expenditures for prevention and intervention services.

• SSBG expenditures for prevention and intervention services were $130 million; New York accounted for 51% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 72% ($93 million) of SSBG expenditures for prevention and intervention services—19 States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Two States reported that 25% or more of their SSBG expenditures were used for this service—New York (32%) and Oregon (25%).
• More than 900,000 individuals (59% children, 41% adults) benefited from prevention and intervention services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for prevention and intervention services decreased by 13% from 1998 ($150 million for 35 States) to 2007 ($130 million for 32 States).

Protective Services—Adults

Thirty-four States reported SSBG expenditures for adult protective services.

• SSBG expenditures for adult protective services were $162 million; New York accounted for 34% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 3% ($5 million) of SSBG expenditures for adult protective services—ten States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Two States reported that at least 25% of their SSBG expenditures were for adult protective services—New York (26%), and the District of Columbia (26%).
• More than 538,000 adults received adult protective services funded by the SSBG program. [24]
• Expenditures for adult protective services increased by 95% from 1998 ($83 million for 31 States) to 2007 ($162 million for 34 States).

Protective Services—Children

Thirty-nine States reported SSBG expenditures for child protective services.

• SSBG expenditures for child protective services were $270 million; Florida accounted for 13% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 60% ($161 million) of SSBG expenditures for child protective services—24 States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Ten States reported that 25% or more of their SSBG expenditures were for child protective services—Hawaii (78%), West Virginia (54%), Kentucky (54%), Oklahoma (43%), Indiana (43%), Nebraska (39%), Oregon (36%), South Carolina (31%), Mississippi (30%), and South Dakota (27%).
• Approximately 2 million children received child protective services funded by the SSBG program. [25]
• Expenditures for child protective services increased by 30% from 1998 ($208 million for 37 States) to 2007 ($270 million for 39 States).

Recreation Services

Seven States reported SSBG expenditures for recreation services.

• SSBG expenditures for recreation services were $1.2 million; Ohio accounted for 51% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 26% ($308,000) of SSBG expenditures for recreation services—three States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Arkansas, 1% of SSBG expenditures were allocated for recreation services.
• Approximately 31,000 individuals (15% children, 85% adults) participated in recreation programs that were funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for recreation services decreased by 31% from 1998 ($2 million for nine States) to 2007 ($1 million for seven States).

Residential Treatment Services

Twenty-one States reported SSBG expenditures for residential treatment services.

• SSBG expenditures for residential treatment services were $115 million; Massachusetts accounted for 40% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 47% ($54 million) of SSBG expenditures for residential treatment services—10 States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Three States reported that 25% or more of their SSBG expenditures were used for residential treatment services—Massachusetts (55%), Kentucky (32%), and Wyoming (26%).
• Approximately 38,000 individuals (45% children, 55% adults) were cared for in residential treatment programs funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for residential treatment increased by 3% from 1998 ($111 million for 20 States) to 2007 ($115 million for 21 States).

Special Services for Individuals with Disabilities

Twenty-six States reported SSBG expenditures for special services for individuals with disabilities.

• SSBG expenditures for special services for individuals with disabilities were $367 million; California accounted for 56% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 19% ($68 million) of SSBG expenditures for special services for individuals with disabilities—nine States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Five States reported that 25% or more of their SSBG expenditures were used for special services for individuals with disabilities—Montana (69%), Iowa (43%), Florida (42%), Georgia (41%) and California (36%).
• Approximately 1.3 million individuals with disabilities (24% children, 76% adults) benefited from special services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for special services for individuals with disabilities increased by 48% from 1998 ($247 million for 25 States) to 2007 ($367 million for 26 States).

Special Services—Youth at Risk

Fifteen States reported SSBG expenditures for special services for youth at risk.

• SSBG expenditures for special services for youth at risk were $27 million; Ohio accounted for 22% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 31% ($8 million) of SSBG expenditures for special services for youth at risk—seven States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Arkansas, 17% of SSBG expenditures were utilized for special services for youth at risk.
• Approximately 150,000 at-risk youth and their families (98% children, 2% adults) received special services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for special services for youth at risk decreased by 27% from 1998 ($36 million for 20 States) to 2007 ($27 million for 15 States).

Substance Abuse Services

Thirteen States reported SSBG expenditures for substance abuse services.

• SSBG expenditures for substance abuse services were $6 million; Connecticut accounted for 28% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 22% ($1.3 million) of SSBG expenditures for substance abuse services—four States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Alaska, Connecticut, and Nevada, 3% of SSBG expenditures were allocated for substance abuse services.
• Approximately 214,000 individuals (19% children, 81% adults) participated in substance abuse treatment or prevention programs funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for substance abuse services decreased by 26% from 1998 ($8 million for 10 States) to 2007 ($6 million for 13 States).

Transportation

Twenty States reported SSBG expenditures for transportation services.

• SSBG expenditures for transportation services were $18 million; Georgia accounted for 35% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 8% ($1.3 million) of SSBG expenditures for transportation services—six States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• In Georgia, 9% of SSBG expenditures were used for transportation services.
• More than 200,000 individuals (16% children, 84% adults) benefited from transportation funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for transportation decreased by 2% from 1998 ($18 million for 19 States) to 2007 ($17.8 million for 20 States).

Other Services

Twenty-three States reported SSBG expenditures for other services, a category that includes services that fall outside the definitions of the other 28 services. States reported a range of services within this category, including volunteer services, migrant services, summer enrichment activities, and outreach activities.

• SSBG expenditures for other services were $137 million; Alabama accounted for 19% of that amount.
• Expenditures of TANF transfer funds accounted for 30% ($41 million) of SSBG expenditures for other services—14 States reported expenditures of TANF transfer funds for this service.
• Two States reported 25% or more of SSBG expenditures for other services—Alabama (70%), and the District of Columbia (58%).
• More than 500,000 individuals (32% children, 68% adults) received other services funded by the SSBG program.
• Expenditures for other services decreased by 18% from 1998 ($167 million for 31 States) to 2007 ($137 million for 23 States).

Service Delivery Methods

Most States reported for each service category whether the service was provided by a public agency, by private contractors, or by both. Figure 4–9 illustrates, for each service category, the percentage of States that reported each of these types of delivery methods. Only States that used SSBG funds for a service and reported on types of delivery methods are included in the percentages.

Figure 4–9 Service Delivery Methods by Service, 2007
Service	Percentage of States Public Only	Percentage of States Private Only	Percentage of States Both Public and Private
Day Care—Adults	9%	45%	45%
Transportation	11%	22%	67%
Congregate Meals	11%	33%	56%
Education and Training Services	12%	24%	65%
Day Care—Children	12%	18%	71%
Special Services—Youth at Risk	12%	35%	53%
Home-Delivered Meals	13%	13%	73%
Health-Related Services	17%	33%	50%
Counseling Services	18%	32%	50%
Home-Based Services	19%	25%	56%
Special Services—Disabled	19%	24%	57%
Family Planning Services	21%	32%	47%
Adoption Services	25%	33%	42%
Recreation Services	25%	42%	33%
Employment Services	25%	42%	33%
Other Services	25%	14%	61%
Substance Abuse Services	26%	30%	44%
Independent/Transitional Living	27%	27%	47%
Pregnancy and Parenting	27%	47%	27%
Information and Referral	27%	27%	47%
Prevention and Intervention	29%	29%	43%
Case Management	33%	19%	48%
Residential Treatment	39%	28%	33%
Foster Care Services—Children	39%	25%	36%
Legal Services	40%	10%	50%
Foster Care Services—Adults	40%	16%	44%
Housing Services	45%	18%	36%
Protective Services—Children	48%	16%	35%
Protective Services—Adults	57%	10%	33%

Almost half of the States (17 of 36 States that reported delivery methods) using SSBG funds for adult protective services reported that services were provided only by public agencies. Approximately 50% (6 of 13) of the States using SSBG funds for substance abuse services reported that the services were provided only by private agencies. Most States (73%) using SSBG funds for health-related services reported that the services were provided by a combination of public and private agencies (11 of 15 States that reported delivery methods).

• SSBG 2007 |
• Executive Summary|
• Chapter 1|
• Chapter 2|
• Chapter 3|
• Chapter 4|
• Chapter 5|
• Chapter 6|
• Appendices