Figure 3-1. Age of OYFC Children %
1-2 years 3-5 years 6-10 years 11 + years
17 24 32 27
(back)

 

Figure 3-2. Race and Ethnicity of OYFC Children %
Other Hispanic White/Non-Hispanic Black/Non-Hispanic
7 17 31 45
(back)

 

Figure 3-3. Types of Abuse/Neglect by Age (%)
  1-2 years 3-5 years 6-10 years 11+years
Physical Abuse 11 8 13 11
Neglect (Failure to Provide) 48 45 32 36
Neglect (Failure to Supervise/Abandonment) 21 37 39 29
Sexual Abuse 0 8 13 13
Other 19 2 3 11
(back)

 

Figure 3-4. Types of Abuse/Neglect by Race/Ethnicity (%)
Types of Abuse/Neglect Race/Ethnicity
Black White Hispanic Other
Physical Abuse 9 6 22 14
Neglect (Failure to Provide) 38 38 25 39
Neglect (Failure to Supervise/Abandonment) 44 28 34 33
Sexual Abuse 5 14 5 14
Other 4 15 14 0
(back)

 

Figure 3-5. Placement Type^ %
Not Applicable Other Group Home/ Residential Program Kin Care Foster Care
25 1 7 24 44
^ The breakdown of placement type by age does not include those children who are no longer in care (i.e., placement type = “Not Applicable”). Due to rounding, the sum of the percentages exceeds 100%.(back)

 

Figure 3-6. Placement Type by Age %
  1-2 years 3-5 years 6-10 years 11+years
Foster Home 73 53 51 54
Kin Care 25 39 39 26
Group Home/Residential Program 1 7 10 17
Other 2 1 0 3
(back)

 

Figure 3-7. Placement Type by Race/Hispanicity^ %
Placement Type Race/Hispanicity
Black/Non-Hispanic White//Non-Hispanic Hispanic Other
Foster Home 58 61 47 62
Kin Care 32 27 48 21
Group Home/Residential Program 7 11 5 18
Other 3 1 0 0
^ The breakdown of placement type by race/Hispanicity does not include those children who are no longer in care (i.e., placement type = “Not Applicable”).(back)

 

 Figure 3-8. Placement Type by Most Serious Type of Abuse %
  Physical
maltreatment		 Sexual
maltreatment		 Physical neglect—
failure to provide		 Neglect—
no supervision
Foster home 60 50 63 55
Kin care setting 32 22 31 41
Group home/residential program 9 27 6 3
Other 0 0 0 1

^ The breakdown of placement type by most serious type of abuse does not include those children who are no longer in care (i.e., placement type = “Not Applicable”).

The mean was 50 percent, so equals 10 points.(back)

 

Figure 3-9. Cognitive Development Scores
class="superscript"Subtest class="superscript"Mean T Score
Total Cognitive Domain 42
Conceptual Development 42
Reasoning and Academic Skills 39
Memory 41
Perceptual Discrimination 40
class="superscript"Note: As measured by the Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI); mean of 50 and SD of 10 refers to normative group, not to study sample.(back)

 

Figure 3-10. Risk of Developmental Delay or Neurological Impairment, 13-24 Months Old %
  class="superscript"Low Risk class="superscript"Moderate Risk class="superscript"High Risk
Non-clinical sample 53 33 14
Clinical sample 16 27 56
1 Year in Foster Care 22 40 38
class="superscript"Note: As measured by the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS).(back)

 

Figure 3-11. Delinquent Behavior by Placement Type %
  Kin Non-Kin Group care Total
Teacher's Report Form (TRF) 8 21 10 21
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 12 48 55 38
Youth Self-Report (YSR) 4 10 27 12
(back)

 

Figure 3-12. Verbal and Nonverbal Ability, 4 to 15 Years Old
Mean Stardard Score 4-5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9-10 years 11-12 years 13+ years
Vocabulary 93 90 89 93 91 94 92
Matrices 98 103 91 93 93 101 94
Total 93 96 89 92 91 97 92
Note: As measured by the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT).(back)

 

Figure 3-13. Preschool Language Skills by Age
Mean Standard Score 1 year 2 years 3-5 years
Auditory 91 88 95
Expressive 89 91 89
Total 89 88 91

class="superscript"Note: As measured by the Preschool Language Scale-3 (PLS-3).

Mean = 100

Stardard Deviation = 15 (back)

 

Figure 3-14. Social Skills, 3 to 15 Years Old %
  3-5 years 6-10 years 11+ years
Low 32 43 39
Average 60 55 56
High 8 2 4
class="superscript"Note: As measured by the parent version of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS).(back)

 

Figure 3-15. Daily Living Skills, 1 to 10 Years Old %
  <3 years 3-5 years 6-10 years
Low 16 8 25
Moderately Low 35 32 14
Adequate to High 49 60 61
class="superscript"Note: As measured by the adapted and abbreviated Vineland Adaptive Behavior Screener: Daily Living Skills section.(back)

 

Figure 3-16. Achievement Scores by Age
Mean Standard Score 6-10 years 11+ years
Reading 99 97
Mathematics 92 92

class="superscript"Note: As measured by the Woodcock-McGrew-Werder Mini-Battery of Achievement (MBA).

Mean = 100

Stardard Deviation = 15 (back)

 

Figure 3-17. Proportion of Developmental/Clinical Cutting Scores
Percent Proportion of Clinical Scores
34 0.00
7 0.17
14 0.20
9 0.25
4 0.33
13 0.40
5 0.50
5 0.60
1 0.67
2 0.75
1 0.80
2 0.83
2 1.00
(back)

 

Figure 3-18. Average Proportion of Clinical Scores by Placement Type
class="superscript"Placement Type class="superscript"Mean
Foster Home 0.29
Kin Care Setting 0.20
Group Home/Residential Program 0.44
(back)

 

Figure 3-19. Average Proportion of Developmental or Clinical Cutting Scores by Most Serious Type of Abuse
class="superscript"Type of Abuse class="superscript"Proportion
Physical Abuse 0.21

Sexual Abuse

 0.34
Failure to Provide 0.23
Failure to Supervise 0.24
Other 0.26
(back)

 

Figure 3-20. Distribution of Overall Z-Scores
Overall Z-Score Percent*
-2.1 0.62
-1.8 0.63
-1.5 2
-1.2 3.8
-0.9 7
-0.6 11
-0.3 18.7
0 17.5
0.3 18.7
0.6 10.5
0.9 6.2
1.2 2.5
1.5 0.63
1.8 0.2

*Percentages are estimates: exact data are not provided in figure.

class="superscript"Note: A z-score is a standardized score with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1. These overall z-scores have only slightly different properties because they combine different measures.(back)

 

Figure 3-21. Mean Overall z-Scores by Placement Type
class="superscript"Placement Type class="superscript"Mean
Foster Home -0.09
Kin Care Setting 0.20
Group Home/Residential Program -0.41
(back)

 

Figure 3-22. Mean Overall z-Scores by Most Serious Type of Abuse
class="superscript"Type of Abuse class="superscript"Mean
Physical Abuse 0.09

Sexual Abuse

 -0.23
Failure to Provide 0.10
Failure to Supervise 0.05
Other 0.02
(back)

 

Figure 3-23. Mean Overall Social and Cognitive Z-Scores by Placement Type (Children Age 4+)
  Foster Home Kin Care Setting Group Home/
Residential Program
Social (mean) -0.17 0.15 -0.34
Cognitive (mean) -0.13 0.22 -0.43
(back)

 

Figure 3-24. Mean Overall Social and Cognitive Z-Scores by Most Serious Type of Abuse (Children Age 4+)
  Physical Abuse Sexual Abuse Failure to Provide Failure to Supervise Other
Social (mean) 0.14 -0.27 0.06 0.11 0.01
Cognitive (mean) 0.15 -0.04 0.02 -0.01 -0.09
(back)

 

Figure 4-1. Current Caregiver by Age %
18-29 years old 60+ years old 50-59 years old 30-39 years old 40-49 years old
8 11 19 29 32
(back)

 

Figure 4-2. Current Caregiver by Age and Placement Type
  18-29 years 30-39 years 40-49 years 50-59 years 60 + years
Kin Care (percent) 1 24 34 21 20
Non-Kin Foster Care (percent) 4 24 36 25 11
Group Care (percent) 39 37 14 6 3
(back)

 

Figure 4-3. Current Caregiver by Race/Hispanicity %
Other Hispanic White/Non-Hispanic Black/Non-Hispanic
7 15 36 42
(back)

 

Figure 4-4. Current Caregiver by Race/Hispanicity, Kin vs. Non-Kin Foster Care %
Placement Type Race/Hispanicity
Black/Non-Hispanic White/Non-Hispanic Hispanic Other
Kin Care 41 35 17 7
Non-Kin Foster Care 40 42 11 7
(back)

 

Figure 4-5. Current Caregiver by Marital Status %
Missing Data Widowed Separated Divorced Never Married Married
2 6 6 13 20 53
(back)

 

Figure 4-6. Current Caregiver by Marital Status, Kin vs. Non-Kin Foster Care %
  Married Separated Divorced Widowed Never Married
Kin Care 53 8 14 6 19
Non-Kin Foster Care 70 4 11 5 11
(back)

 

Figure 4-7. Current Caregiver by Highest Degree %
No Degree High Scholl Diploma/GED Associate/Voc. Tech. Bachelor's or higher Other
19% 37% 24% 14% 5%
(back)

 

Figure 4-8. Current Caregiver by Highest Degree, Kin vs. Non-Kin Foster Care %
  No Degree High School Diploma/GED Associate/Voc. Tech. Bachelor's or higher Other
Kin Care 16 39 34 7 4
Non-Kin Foster Care 12 46 22 12 8
(back)

 

Figure 4-9. Physical and Mental Health Status of Caregivers %
  Foster Home Kin Care Total
Mental 55 54 55
Physical 51 48 50
class="superscript"Note: As measured by the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12).(back)

 

Figure 4-10. Current Caregiver by Employment Status %
Missing Data Unemployed Other Part-Time Do Not Work Full-Time
1 2 5 15 36 41
(back)

 

Figure 4-11. Current Caregiver by Employment Status, Kin vs. Non-Kin Foster Care %
  Full-Time Part-Time Unemployed Do Not Work Other
Kin Care 40 12 2 40 6
Non-Kin Foster Care 39 14 2 39 5
(back)

 

Figure 4-12. Number of Years Experience as a Foster Parent %
<1 year >10 years 2 years 6-10 years 3-5 years 1 year
11 12 15 17 23 23
(back)

 

Figure 4-13. Number of Years Experience as Foster Parent, Kin vs. Non-Kin Foster Care %
  <1 year 1 year 2 years 3-5 years 6-10 years >10 years
Kin Care 8 45 19 15 5 6
Non-Kin Foster Care 11 10 13 27 24 14
(back)

 

Figure 4-14. Number of Children in Household, Kin vs. Non-Kin Foster Care %
  Number of Children in Household
1 2 3 4 5+
Kin Care 37 25 16 13 9
Non-Kin Foster Care 27 13 16 12 32
(back)

 

Figure 6-1. Risk Factors at Time of Placement, by Race of Child (Percent Yes)
  Active Domestic Violence Low Social Support Caregiver Was Victim of Abuse Monetary Problems No Second Supportive Caregiver Present Did Not Cooperate with Authorities Prior Reports of Maltreatment
Black/Non-Hispanic 28 66 39 70 80 39 56
White/Non-Hispanic 47 75 64 61 76 37 69
Hispanic 42 62 57 62 79 36 67
(back)

 

Figure 6-2. Risk Factors at Time of Placement, by Most Serious Type of Abuse (Percent Yes)
  Active Domestic Violence Low Social Support Caregiver Was Victim of Abuse Monetary Problems No Second Supportive Caregiver Present Did Not Cooperate with Authorities Prior Reports of Maltreatment
Failure to Supervise 39 72 45 66 23 38 68
Physical Neglect 34 72 54 76 18 42 58
Sexual Maltreatment 47 60 54 33 20 31 66
Physical Maltreatment 41 52 33 52 25 25 57
(back)

 

Figure 6-3. Risk Factors at Time of Placement, by Age of Child (Percent Yes)
  Prior Reports of Maltreatment Did Not Cooperate with Authorities No Second Supportive Caregiver Present Monetary Problems History of Abuse (PPCG) Low Social Support Active Domestic Violence
11+ years 78 41 83 67 39 63 36
6 - 10 years 60 35 77 60 44 70 39
3 - 5 years 60 36 74 63 61 63 40
1 - 2 years 54 37 79 73 65 82 36
(back)

 

Figure 6-4. Risk Factors at Time of Placement, by Placement Type (Percent Yes)
  Active Domestic Violence Low Social Support Caregiver Was Victim of Abuse Monetary Problems No Second Supportive Caregiver Present Did Not Cooperate with Authorities Prior Reports of Maltreatment
Group Home 58 78 64 65 77 26 55
Kin Care Setting 38 68 44 66 85 40 64
Foster Home 43 77 63 64 77 42 62
(back)

 

Figure 6-5. Proportion of Families That Received 3 Primary Types of Child Welfare Services
class="superscript"Type of Child Welfare Services %
Monitoring 52
Other Home-Based/Community Services 16
Intensive Family Preservation Services 15
(back)

 

Figure 6-6. Child Welfare Worker Degree by Child Welfare Worker Race (%)
  Black White Hispanic Other
Less than Bachelor's Degree 2 1 0 3
Bachelor of Social Work 27 24 29 22
Other Bachelor's Degree 43 36 33 21
Masters of Social Work 19 21 21 26
Other Masters Degree 8 17 17 29
(back)