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C.4 TABLES OF NONMISSING VALUES FOR CONSTRUCTS
In the body of this report, all sample sizes given in tables of findings are for the full sample of respondents to the relevant data source (such as the 6-month parent services interview or the 24-month Bayley). One important characteristic of the Early Head Start data is that most parents and children who responded at all completed most of the questions, items, and constructs derived from the items. Table C.4A gives the percentage responding to each variable or construct used in the impact analyses described in the body of this report.
The variables are organized by type, with the service-use variables listed first, followed by the child, parenting, and family outcomes. Although in a few cases response rates are below 90 percent, as the table shows, 99 percent or more of the respondents completed the vast majority of items.
| Outcome Measure | Program Group | Control Group |
|---|---|---|
| Service Receipt | ||
| Received Any Key Services | 99.7 | 98.1 |
| Received Any Core Services | 99.8 | 98.1 |
| Received at Least 1 Home Visit | 99.8 | 99.2 |
| Received Home Visits at Least Monthly | ||
|
1st Followup
|
98.8 | 98.1 |
|
2nd Followup
|
98.5 | 98.3 |
| Received Home Visits at Least Weekly | ||
|
1st Followup
|
98.8 | 98.1 |
|
2nd Followup
|
98.5 | 98.3 |
| Met with a Case Manager at Least Once | 99.7 | 99.5 |
| Met with a Case Manager at Least Monthly | ||
|
1st Followup
|
93.2 | 92.4 |
|
2nd Followup
|
97.5 | 98.3 |
| Met with a Case Manager at Least Weekly | ||
|
1st Followup
|
93.2 | 92.4 |
|
2nd Followup
|
97.5 | 98.3 |
| Received Any Parenting Information | 99.9 | 99.5 |
| Participated in Any Group Parenting Activity | 99.2 | 98.9 |
| Participated in Parenting Classes | 99.8 | 99.7 |
| Participated in Any Group Parent-Child Activities | 98.2 | 98.5 |
| Participated in Any Parent Support Group Meetings | 99.3 | 99.5 |
| Received Any Child Care | 98.7 | 99.0 |
| Received Any Center-Based Child Care | 97.4 | 96.7 |
| Received Child Care in Concurrent Arrangements | 98.7 | 99.0 |
| Average Hours/Week of Any Child Care | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Average Hours/Week of Center-Based Child Care | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Child Was Identified with a Disability | 98.4 | 98.0 |
| Received Early Intervention Services for Child with a Disability | 99.7 | 99.9 |
| Percentage of Focus Children who Visited a Doctor | ||
|
For any reason
|
100.0 | 99.9 |
|
For a check-up
|
99.9 | 99.8 |
|
For treatment of an acute or chronic illness
|
99.7 | 99.7 |
| Average Number of Doctor Visits | ||
|
For checkups
|
85.9 | 82.6 |
|
For treatment of an acute or chronic illness
|
85.8 | 83.3 |
| Percentage Who Had Sufficient Well-Child Doctor Visits During Their: | ||
|
First year
|
99.6 | 99.6 |
|
Second year
|
99.7 | 99.1 |
| Percentage of Focus Children Who Visited an Emergency Room | 99.8 | 99.9 |
| Average Number of Emergency Room Visits: | ||
|
For any reason
|
88.2 | 85.7 |
|
For treatment of accident/injury
|
99.6 | 99.1 |
| Average Number of Hospitalizations During Child's: | ||
|
First year
|
99.7 | 99.7 |
|
Second year
|
100.0 | 99.7 |
| Average Number of Nights Hospitalized During Child's: | ||
|
First year
|
99.7 | 99.5 |
|
Second year
|
99.9 | 99.5 |
| Average Percentage of Focus Children Who Visited a Dentist | 99.1 | 99.5 |
| Average Percentage of Focus Children Who Received Any Immunizations | 99.9 | 99.7 |
| Average Percentage Who Received: | ||
|
Any screening test
|
98.8 | 98.7 |
|
A hearing test
|
91.7 | 90.2 |
|
A lead test
|
91.3 | 89.3 |
| Average Percentage of Children Who Received Any Health Services | 99.0 | 98.7 |
| Average Parent-Reported Health Status of Child | ||
|
When child was 14 months old
|
100.0 | 99.7 |
|
When child was 24 months old
|
99.8 | 99.8 |
| Percentage Who Were Reported by Parents to be in Fair or Poor Health | ||
|
When child was 14 months old
|
100.0 | 99.7 |
|
When child was 24 months old
|
99.8 | 99.8 |
| Percentage of Families Who Received Any Health Services | 99.2 | 99.5 |
| Percentage of Families Who Received Any Mental Health Services | 99.9 | 99.8 |
| Average Self-Reported Health Status of Parent or Guardian | ||
|
When child was 14 months old
|
99.1 | 99.0 |
|
When child was 24 months old
|
99.8 | 99.4 |
| Received Any Education-Related Services | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Received Any Employment-Related Services | 99.5 | 98.9 |
| Received Any Housing Assistance | 97.6 | 98.2 |
| Received Any Transportation Assistance | 99.7 | 99.8 |
| Structuring The Environment | ||
| Percentage of Parents Who Set a Regular Bedtime for Child | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Percentage of Parents and Children Who Have Regular Bedtime Routines | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Parent's Stimulation of Language and Learning | ||
| Percentage of Parents Who Read to Child Every Day | 98.4 | 97.4 |
| Percentage of Parents Who Read to Child at Bedtime | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Hostility and Punishment | ||
| Negative Regard (Structured Play) | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Absence of Punitive Interactions (HOME) | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Whether the Parent Spanked the Child in the Previous Week | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Knowledge of Child Development | ||
| Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Cognitive Development | ||
| Bayley Mental Development Index | 83.2 | 81.2 |
| Percent with Bayley MDI Below 100 | 83.2 | 81.2 |
| Percent with Bayley MDI Below 85 | 83.2 | 81.2 |
| Language Development | ||
| CDI Vocabulary Production Score | 96.8 | 94.7 |
| CDI Percent Combining Words | 98.2 | 97.2 |
| CDI Sentence Complexity Score | 92.9 | 90.7 |
| Social-Emotional Development | ||
| Engagement of Parent | 83.5 | 80.2 |
| Negativity Toward Parent | 83.5 | 80.2 |
| Sustained Attention with Objects | 83.5 | 80.2 |
| Emotional Regulation in a Cognitive Task (Average Score) | 89.2 | 87.3 |
| Orientation/Engagement in a Cognitive Task (Average Score) | 89.5 | 87.5 |
| Aggressive Behavior Problems (Average Score) | 97.7 | 96.6 |
| Emotional Support | ||
| Emotional Responsivity | 90.6 | 89.2 |
| Supportiveness | 83.5 | 80.2 |
| Structuring the Environment | ||
| Percentage of Parents Who Set a Regular Bedtime for Child | 99.8 | 99.8 |
| Percentage of Parents and Children Who Have Regular Bedtime Routines | 98.9 | 98.8 |
| Parent's Stimulation of Language and Learning | ||
| Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) | ||
| Total Score | 90.9 | 89.0 |
| Support of Cognitive, Language, and Literacy Environment | 99.1 | 99.1 |
| Parent-Child Activities | 98.4 | 97.6 |
| Parent's Verbal-Social Skills | ||
| Maternal Verbal-Social Skills | 92.7 | 91.6 |
| Insensitivity Detachment (Structured Play) | 83.4 | 80.2 |
| Intrusiveness (Structured Play) | 83.5 | 80.2 |
| Hostility and Punishment | ||
| Negative Regard (Structured Play) | 83.5 | 80.2 |
| Absence of Punitive Interactions (HOME) | 90.8 | 88.7 |
| Whether the Parent Spanked the Child in the Previous Week | 98.2 | 97.8 |
| Knowledge of Child Development | ||
| Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory | 98.7 | 98.7 |
| Percentage of Parents Who Suggested Responses to Hypothetical Situations with Child: | ||
|
Prevent or Distract
|
99.5 | 99.5 |
|
Remove Child or Object
|
99.5 | 99.5 |
|
Talk and Explain
|
99.5 | 99.5 |
|
Threaten or Command
|
99.5 | 99.5 |
|
Shout
|
99.5 | 99.5 |
|
Physical Punishment
|
99.5 | 99.5 |
| Percentage of Parents Suggesting Only Mild Responses to the Hypothetical Situations | 99.5 | 99.5 |
| Index of Severity of Discipline Strategies Suggested | 99.5 | 99.5 |
| Safety Practices | ||
| Family has Syrup of Ipecac in the House in Case of a Poison Emergency | 99.5 | 99.7 |
| Parent/Guardian has or Knows how to Find the Telephone Number for the Poison Control Center | 99.7 | 99.6 |
| Family Uses a Gate or Door at the Top of Stairs | 94.3 | 93.3 |
| Family Uses Guards or Gates for Windows | 87.7 | 86.8 |
| Family has Covers on Electrical Outlets that Child can Reach | 97.8 | 97.6 |
| Family's Homes has Working Smoke Alarms | 98.5 | 98.7 |
| Interviewer Observed that Child's Play Area is Safe | 89.3 | 87.6 |
| Family Uses Car Seat for Child and Child Rides in Back Seat | 99.3 | 99.2 |
| Any Self-Sufficiency Activities | ||
| Percentage of Parents Ever Employed or in an Education or Job Training in | ||
|
First 15 Months
|
99.7 | 99.5 |
|
1st Quarter
|
99.4 | 99.2 |
|
2nd Quarter
|
99.5 | 99.1 |
|
3rd Quarter
|
98.6 | 98.5 |
|
4th Quarter
|
98.2 | 97.6 |
|
5th Quarter
|
99.2 | 97.6 |
| Average Hours per Week Employed at All Jobs and in Any Education or Training in First 15 Months | 93.6 | 92.6 |
| Employment Activities | ||
|
Percentage of Parents Ever Employed in First 15 Months
|
99.6 | 99.5 |
|
1st Quarter
|
99.5 | 99.5 |
|
2nd Quarter
|
99.6 | 99.4 |
|
3rd Quarter
|
99.1 | 99.1 |
|
4th Quarter
|
98.7 | 98.1 |
|
5th Quarter
|
99.1 | 98.5 |
| Average Hours per Week Employed at All Jobs in First 15 Months | 96.1 | 95.9 |
|
Percentage of Parents Who Ever Participated in an Education
or Training Program in First 15 Months
|
99.2 | 99.3 |
|
1st Quarter
|
99.5 | 99.4 |
|
2nd Quarter
|
99.1 | 99.0 |
|
3rd Quarter
|
98.5 | 98.5 |
|
4th Quarter
|
98.3 | 98.5 |
|
5th Quarter
|
98.8 | 98.1 |
| Average Hours per Week in an Education Program During First 15 Months | 96.9 | 96.4 |
| Types of Education Activities | ||
| High School | 99.6 | 99.9 |
| High School or Alternative | 99.6 | 99.9 |
| Adult Basic Education | 99.8 | 99.9 |
| English as a Second Language | 99.8 | 99.8 |
| GED Preparation | 99.6 | 99.7 |
| Any Vocational Education | 99.3 | 99.8 |
| 2-year College | 99.8 | 99.8 |
| 4-year College | 99.8 | 99.9 |
| Degrees and Credentials Received Highest Grade Completed at Second Followup | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| GED Certificate | 99.9 | 99.5 |
| High School Diploma | 99.9 | 99.6 |
| Received a High School Degree or GED Between Enrollment and Second Followup | 99.8 | 99.4 |
| Vocational, Business, or Secretarial Diploma | 99.8 | 99.4 |
| Associate's Degree | 99.9 | 99.5 |
| Bachelor's Degree | 99.8 | 99.5 |
| Welfare Program Participation | ||
| Percentage of Parents Who Received Any Welfare Benefits During First 15 Months | 98.4 | 98.0 |
| Total Welfare Benefits Received During First 15 Months | 84.1 | 81.6 |
| Percentage of Parents Who Received AFDC or TANF Benefits During First 15 Months | 97.7 | 97.6 |
|
1st Quarter
|
96.8 | 96.2 |
|
2nd Quarter
|
97.2 | 97.3 |
|
3rd Quarter
|
96.2 | 95.5 |
|
4th Quarter
|
96.0 | 95.5 |
|
5th Quarter
|
94.3 | 93.3 |
| Total AFDC or TANF Benefits Received During First 15 Months | 91.3 | 90.2 |
| Average Total Food Stamp Benefit Received During First 15 Months | 91.7 | 90.7 |
| Family Income and Resources | ||
| Percentage of Families with Income Above the Poverty Line at Second Followup | ||
| Dunst Family Resource Scale | 91.1 | 92.4 |
|
First Followup
|
99.1 | 99.3 |
|
Second Followup
|
99.5 | 99.4 |
| Parent's Physical Health | ||
| Parent's Health Status | 99.6 | 99.4 |
| Parent's Mental Health | ||
| Parental Distress | 98.4 | 98.1 |
| Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction | 98.4 | 97.9 |
| CIDI-Depression - Average Probability | 99.7 | 99.4 |
| Family Functioning | ||
| Family Environment Scale - Family Conflict Average Score | 84.1 | 86.7 |
| NOTE: Item-level response rates were computed by dividing the number of respondents who completed a particular item by the number of respondents who completed the interview of interest. For the Bayley and the parent-child structured play assessment, response rates were computed using the number of respondents to the 24-month PI as the denominator. | ||
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