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APPENDIX E.IV
| Center-Based | Home-Based Programs | Mixed-Approach Programs | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Program Group | Control Groupa | Impact Estimate Per Participantb | Effect Sizec | Program Group | Control Groupa | Impact Estimate Per Participantb | Effect Sizec | Program Group | Control Groupa | Impact Estimate Per Participantb | Effect Sizec | ||
| CHILD COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT | ||||||||||||||
| Average Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) | 90.4 | 87.5 | 2.9* | 21.7 | 91.6 | 90.5 | 1.1 | 8.0 | 88.3 | 86.8 | 1.5 | 11.1 | ||
| Percentage with MDI < 85***d | 30.2 | 42.0 | -11.8* | -24.2 | 31.5 | 32.5 | -1.0 | -2.0 | 37.9 | 44.9 | -7.0 | -14.4 | ||
| Percentage with MDI < 100 | 74.3 | 82.7 | -8.4 | -20.4 | 73.0 | 71.9 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 77.0 | 80.0 | -3.0 | -7.4 | ||
| CHILD LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT | ||||||||||||||
| Average MacArthur CDI-Vocabulary Production | 53.8 | 55.2 | -1.4 | -6.1 | 56.4 | 53.5 | 3.0* | 13.3 | 57.5 | 53.1 | 4.4** | 19.4 | ||
| Percentage with Vocabulary Production < 25*** | 12.4 | 10.5 | 2.0 | 6.1 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 5.4 | 8.5 | -3.1 | -9.8 | ||
| Percent MacArthur CDI-Combining Words*** | 82.9 | 84.6 | -1.7 | -4.0 | 77.3 | 75.6 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 83.6 | 75.2 | 8.5** | 20.2 | ||
| Average MacArthur CDI-Sentence Complexity* | 8.2 | 8.7 | -0.5 | -5.6 | 8.5 | 7.8 | 0.7 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 6.8 | 2.3*** | 28.4 | ||
| Percentage with Sentence Complexity < 2*** | 31.1 | 24.1 | 7.1 | 15.5 | 28.3 | 30.2 | -1.9 | -4.2 | 22.9 | 31.5 | -8.6** | -18.9 | ||
| CHILD SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ||||||||||||||
| Bayley BRS-Emotional Regulation | 3.7 | 3.6 | 0.1 | 9.9 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 0.1 | 7.0 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 0.0 | -4.5 | ||
| Bayley BRS-Orientation/Engagement | 3.7 | 3.7 | 0.0 | -3.1 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 0.0 | -2.5 | ||
| Child Behavior Checklist-Aggression | 9.3 | 10.4 | -1.0 | -18.6 | 10.4 | 10.5 | -0.1 | -1.2 | 9.8 | 10.6 | -0.9* | -15.9 | ||
| Parent-Child Structured Play: Child Sustained Attention with Objects | 5.0 | 5.1 | -0.1 | -13.4 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 0.2* | 18.0 | ||
| Parent-Child Structured Play: Child Negativity Toward Parent | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.0 | -1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.0 | -2.3 | 1.8 | 2.0 | -0.2 | -17.5 | ||
| Parent-Child Structured Play: Child Engagement | 4.3 | 4.4 | -0.1 | -7.8 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 0.3** | 23.1 | ||
| Sample Size | ||||||||||||||
| Parent Interview | 240 | 203 | 443 | 500 | 466 | 966 | 352 | 352 | 704 | |||||
| Bayley | 203 | 165 | 368 | 428 | 386 | 814 | 279 | 278 | 557 | |||||
| Parent-Child Interactions | 223 | 172 | 395 | 421 | 373 | 794 | 269 | 274 | 543 | |||||
SOURCE: Parent interviews, child assessments, interviewer observations,
and assessments of semi-structured parent-child interactions conducted
when children were approximately 24 months old.
NOTE: All estimates were calculated using regression models, where each site was weighted equally. Only sites with at least 10 program group members and 10 control group members in the subgroup are included in the estimates for each subgroup.
aThe control group mean is the mean for the control group members who would have participated in Early Head Start if they had instead been assigned to the program group. This unobserved mean is estimated as the difference between the program group mean for participants and the impact per participant. A participant is defined as a program group member who received more than one Early Head Start home visit, met with an Early Head Start case manager more than once, received at least two weeks of Early Head Start center-based services, and/or participated in Early Head Start parent-child group activities.(back)
bThe estimated impact per participant is measured as the estimated impact per eligible applicant divided by the proportion of program group members who participated in Early Head Start services (which varied by site). The estimated impact per eligible applicant is measured as the difference between the regression-adjusted means for program and control group members.(back)
cThe effect size is calculated by dividing the estimated impact per participant by the standard deviation of the outcome measure for the control group times 100 (that is, it is the impact per participant expressed as a percentage of a standard deviation).(back)
dAsterisks next to variable names indicate significance levels for statistical tests of differences in impacts across the subgroups.(back)
*Significantly different from zero at the .10
level, two-tailed test.
**Significantly different from zero at the .05 level, two-tailed test.
***Significantly different from zero at the .01 level, two-tailed
test.
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