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APPENDIX E.VI
| Welfare Mothers of Children Under 1 Required to Work | Welfare Mothers of Children Under 1 Not Required to Work | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Program Group Participantsa |
Control Groupb | Impact Estimate Per Participantc | Effect Sized | Program Group Participantsa |
Control Groupb | Impact Estimate Per Participantc | Effect Sized | |
| PARENT'S PHYSICAL HEALTH | |||||||||
| Overall Health Status**e | 3.5 | 3.6 | -0.1 | -9.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 10.4 | |
| PARENT'S MENTAL HEALTH | |||||||||
| Parenting Stress Index: Parental Distress | 24.9 | 25.0 | -0.2 | -2.0 | 25.0 | 26.5 | -1.5** | -15.5 | |
| Parenting Stress Index: Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction | 16.9 | 17.1 | -0.2 | -3.0 | 16.9 | 17.6 | -0.7* | -11.8 | |
| Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Short Screening Scales: Major Depression (probability) | 14.9 | 12.0 | 2.9 | 9.5 | 10.1 | 12.0 | -1.9 | -6.2 | |
| FAMILY FUNCTIONING | |||||||||
| FES Family Conflict | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.0 | -5.1 | 1.7 | 1.8 | -0.1* | -14.4 | |
| Sample Size | 589 | 555 | 1,144 | 503 | 466 | 969 | |||
SOURCE: Parent interviews, child assessments, and videotaped interactions
conducted when children were approximately 24 months old.
NOTE: All estimates were calculated using regression models, where each site was weighted equally. Only sites with at least 10 program group members and 10 control group members in the subgroup are included in the estimates for each subgroup.
aA participant is defined as a program group member who received more than one Early Head Start home visit, met with an Early Head Start case manager more than once, received at least two weeks of Early Head Start center-based care, and/or participated in Early Head Start group parent-child activities.(back)
bThe control group mean is the mean for the control group members who would have participated in Early Head Start if they had instead been assigned to the program group. This unobserved mean is estimated as the difference between the program group mean for participants and the impact per participant. A participant is defined as a program group member who received more than one Early Head Start home visit, met with an Early Head Start case manager more than once, received at least two weeks of Early Head Start center-based services, and/or participated in Early Head Start parent-child group activities.(back)
cThe estimated impact per participant is measured as the estimated impact per eligible applicant divided by the proportion of program group members who participated in Early Head Start services (which varied by site). The estimated impact per eligible applicant is measured as the difference between the regression-adjusted means for program and control group members.(back)
dThe effect size is calculated by dividing the estimated impact per participant by the standard deviation of the outcome measure for the control group times 100 (that is, it is the impact per participant expressed as a percentage of a standard deviation).(back)
eAsterisks next to variable names indicate significance levels for statistical tests of differences in impacts across the subgroups.(back)
*Significantly different from zero at the .10
level, two-tailed test.
**Significantly different from zero at the .05 level, two-tailed test.
***Significantly different from zero at the .01 level, two-tailed
test.
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