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APPENDIX E.IV

TABLE E.IV.1
FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS, BY SITE
Subgroup 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Average
Across
Sites
Race/Ethnicity
White non-Hispanic 27 79 4 19 77 21 75 82 1 60 12 17 27 3 4 20 92 36
Black non-Hispanic 72 1 93 5 15 58 17 4 46 23 87 40 34 9 0 78 3 34
Hispanic 1 13 3 66 5 20 3 7 40 4 1 40 31 85 92 1 3 24
Other 1 6 1 9 3 1 5 8 12 13 0 4 9 3 3 1 2 5
Primary Language
English 97 97 97 63 94 85 94 88 60 92 99 71 64 24 19 98 97 79
Other 3 3 3 37 6 15 6 12 40 8 1 29 36 76 81 2 3 21
Age of Child at Enrollment
Unborn 33 26 32 38 15 36 33 20 7 66 30 14 7 16 18 13 12 24
0-4 months 35 34 35 36 36 30 41 23 40 31 40 8 45 44 42 42 45 36
5-12 months 33 40 33 26 49 34 26 57 52 3 30 78 48 40 40 46 42 40
Child's Birth Order
Firstborn 43 68 100 73 45 57 61 56 89 61 84 59 45 44 53 77 53 63
Later-Born 57 32 0 27 55 43 39 44 11 39 16 41 55 56 47 23 47 37
Mother's Age When Child Was Born
Under 20 30 34 68 36 33 45 37 30 60 36 89 36 22 16 36 37 24 39
20 or older 70 66 32 64 67 55 63 70 40 64 11 64 78 84 64 63 76 61
Child's Gender
Female 55 52 44 54 47 50 47 49 45 51 52 54 42 51 44 44 49 49
Male 45 48 56 46 53 50 53 51 55 49 48 46 58 49 56 56 51 51
Family Was Receiving AFDC/TANF Cash Assistance
Yes 69 8 53 25 12 51 50 35 32 55 41 31 13 29 31 29 36 35
No 31 92 47 75 86 49 50 65 68 45 59 69 87 71 69 71 64 65
                                    0
Primary Occupation
Employed 14 23 22 21 43 15 25 29 10 17 8 35 30 17 23 43 24 23
In school or training 19 20 40 17 15 27 11 19 48 14 67 31 6 5 10 19 8 22
Other 67 57 39 61 42 57 64 52 42 69 25 34 64 79 66 38 68 54
Highest Grade Completed
Less than 12th grade 34 35 52 49 29 57 45 33 70 42 79 45 32 66 86 38 28 48
12th grade or GED 42 30 29 22 40 25 35 34 10 33 14 24 37 14 9 40 43 28
More than 12th grade 24 35 19 29 31 19 21 33 19 25 7 31 32 20 5 22 29 24
Living Arrangements
With spouse 10 62 3 23 34 14 15 34 11 21 5 13 53 39 41 17 30 25
With other adults 39 29 16 62 26 46 46 22 52 43 84 57 22 26 31 40 32 40
Alone 51 9 81 14 40 39 39 44 37 36 12 30 24 36 27 44 37 35
                                    0
Number of Maternal Risk Factors
0-1 8 41 7 18 30 8 12 23 10 15 2 18 44 18 8 22 23 18
2-3 56 48 47 56 58 56 55 62 55 55 50 62 48 64 57 52 58 55
4-5 35 11 46 26 12 36 33 14 35 31 48 20 9 18 34 26 20 27
Source: Head Start Family Information System application and enrollment forms.

Note: Sites are presented in random order.


TABLE E.IV.2
CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES IN KEY PROGRAM SUBGROUPS
(Percents)
Subgroup Average
Across
Sites		 1997 Program Approach Overall Implementation Implementation of
All Services		 State Requires
of Infants Parents
to Work
Center Home-based Mixed Early Later Other Strong Full Not Strong or
Not Full		 Yes No
Race/Ethnicity
White nonhispanic 36 29 39 39 58 22 28 64 29 53 25
Black nonhispanic 34 45 28 35 23 33 50 21 39 23 43
Hispanic 24 22 29 21 14 41 16 11 27 19 28
Other 5 5 4 6 5 4 6 3 5 5 5
Primary Language
English 79 81 74 83 89 66 81 90 75 86 73
Other 21 19 26 17 11 34 19 10 25 14 27
Age of Child at Enrollment
Unborn 24 12 25 32 28 25 20 24 26 23 26
0-4 months 36 32 36 38 31 41 36 35 35 31 39
5-12 months 40 56 38 31 41 35 45 41 39 46 36
Child's Birth Order
Firstborn 63 68 61 62 57 65 67 57 64 63 63
Later-Born 37 33 39 38 43 35 33 43 36 37 37
Mother's Age When Child Was Born
Under 20 39 42 36 42 35 42 42 35 40 35 43
20 or older 61 59 64 58 65 58 58 65 60 65 57
Child's Gender
Female 49 48 49 50 51 49 47 50 49 50 48
Male 51 53 51 50 50 51 53 50 51 50 52
Family Was Receiving AFDC/TANF Cash Assistance
Yes 35 26 39 37 32 34 40 26 38 27 41
No 65 74 61 63 68 66 60 74 62 73 59
Primary Occupation
Employed 23 33 22 19 26 23 21 25 23 31 18
In school or training 22 28 18 23 19 22 26 19 23 19 24
Other 54 39 61 57 55 56 53 56 54 50 58
Highest Grade Completed
Less than 12th grade 48 46 50 48 39 61 44 39 51 39 55
12th grade or GED 28 29 28 29 33 22 30 33 27 32 26
More than 12th grade 24 26 22 24 28 17 25 28 22 29 20
Living Arrangements
With spouse 25 19 29 24 29 23 22 35 22 28 23
With other adults 40 44 30 48 39 48 30 34 40 40 39
Alone 35 38 41 27 32 29 47 31 38 31 38
Number of Maternal Risk Factors
0-1 18 20 17 18 23 13 18 25 16 23 14
2-3 55 57 56 54 56 56 54 55 56 56 55
4-5 27 23 27 28 22 31 28 20 28 20 31
Source: Head Start Family Information System application and enrollment forms.


TABLE E.IV.3

IMPACTS ON SERVICE RECEIPT DURING THE FIRST 28 MONTHS, BY PROGRAM APPROACH IN 1997
  Center-Based Programs Mixed-Approach Programs Home-Based Programs
  Program
Group		 Control
Group		 Impact
Estimate per
Eligible Applicant		 Program
Group		 Control
Group		 Impact
Estimate per
Eligible Applicant		 Program
Group		 Control
Group		 Impact
Estimate per
Eligible Applicant
Any Services
Any Key Services*** a, b 92.6 85.5 7.1** 97.3 80.7 16.6*** 96 80.1 15.9***
Any Home Visits or Center-Based Child Care*** 86.8 63.7 23.1*** 94.8 62 32.8*** 94.2 51.3 42.9***
More Than 1 Home Visit or 2 Weeks Center-Based Child Care*** 84.3 56.5 27.7*** 93.7 55.9 37.8*** 93.6 46.3 47.3***
Home Visits or Center Care at Required Intensity in at Least 1 Followup*** 59.7 27 32.7*** 80.4 14.6 65.7*** 76.8 5 71.8***
Home Visits or Center Care at Required Intensity in All 3 Followups*** 28.1 10.1 18.0*** 29.8 4.1 25.7*** 30.4 0.1 30.3***
Home Visits
Any Home Visits*** 72.6 23.3 49.3*** 89.7 41.5 48.2*** 92.9 33.3 59.7***
Any Child Development Services During Home Visits*** 70.4 20.8 49.5*** 88.3 43.3 45.1*** 87.3 41.8 45.5***
Weekly Home Visits, 1st Follow-Up Period*** 4.6 3.5 1.1 53.9 3 50.9*** 62.4 2.3 60.0***
Weekly Home Visits, 2nd Follow-Up Period*** 2.1 1.9 0.1 37 2.6 34.3*** 53.2 1.9 51.2***
Weekly Home Visits, 3rd Follow-Up Period*** 3 2.6 0.4 28.1 2.8 25.3*** 43.4 2.3 41.0***
Weekly Home Visits in At Least 1 Followup*** 7.8 4.6 3.3 66.2 5.5 60.7*** 76.8 5 71.8***
Weekly Home Visits in All 3 Followups*** 0.4 1.6 -1.3 17 0.6 16.4*** 30.4 0.1 30.3***
Child Care
Any Child Care*** 93.6 89.3 4.3 89.8 78.6 11.2*** 78.7 76.3 2.4
Any Center-Based Child Care*** 78.7 52.5 26.2*** 52.2 34.5 17.7*** 32.3 27 5.3*
Average Hours per Week of Center-Based Care*** 13.5 6.8 6.7*** 5.4 2.6 2.8*** 2.6 1.6 1.0**
Concurrent Child Care Arrangements*** 72.8 62.3 10.6** 52.1 39 13.1*** 38.2 41 -2.8
Average Weekly Out-of-Pocket Cost of Care*** $3.70 $10.89 -$7.19*** $5.55 $8.34 -$2.79* $4.08 $3.82 0.3
Received a Child Care Subsidy*** 16.3 34.1 -17.8*** 28.4 27.6 0.9 36.5 36.7 -0.2
Child was in Care at 12 Months of Age*** 88.7 78.1 10.6** 63.8 44.9 18.9*** 55.9 53.6 2.3
Child was in Care at 24 Months of Age*** 81.2 75.3 6 66.3 48.6 17.7*** 49 46.2 2.7
Case Management
Any Case Management Meetings*** 73.5 58.3 15.2*** 91.5 55 36.4*** 90.3 54.3 36.0***
Weekly Case Management, 1st Follow-Up Period*** 16.7 9.7 7.0* 49.9 7.4 42.5*** 59.2 10.6 48.6***
Weekly Case Management, 2nd Follow-Up Period*** 10.7 5 5.7** 37.5 5.8 31.8*** 45.5 4 41.5***
Weekly Case Management, 3rd Follow-Up Period*** 6.1 2.5 3.7* 30.7 5.7 25.0*** 39.9 4.9 35.0***
Group Activities
Any Group Parenting Activities*** 68.3 37.7 30.6*** 70.3 38.5 31.8*** 73.1 35.8 37.3***
Any Parent-Child Group Activities*** 30 13.5 16.5*** 45.3 17.4 27.9*** 45.3 11.5 33.8***
Early Intervention Services
Identification of Child's Disability*** 8.4 4.9 3.5 6.4 6.4 0 7.6 5 2.7*
Services for Child with Disability*** 5.4 2.4 3 3.4 4.1 -0.7 5.3 3.7 1.5
Child Health Services
Any Child Health Services*** 100 100 0 100 99.6 0.5 100 99.8 0.2
Any Doctor Visits*** 99.1 99.5 -0.5 98.9 97 1.9* 99 98.7 0.3
Any Emergency Room Visits*** 56 56.3 -0.4 54.1 48.3 5.8 53.4 56 -2.6
Number of Emergency Room Visits for Injuries 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0.3 0.3 0
Any Dentist Visits*** 38.4 32.8 5.6