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APPENDIX A

SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES

TABLE A.1
RESPONSE RATES FOR OBSERVATIONS OF EARLY HEAD START AND CONTROL GROUP CENTER AND FAMILY CHILD CARE ARRANGEMENTS AT 14 MONTHS OF AGE
Site Number of Center
Arrangements
Observed		 Center Response Ratea
(Percentage)		 Number of Family Child
Care Arrangements
Observed		 Family Child Care
ResponseRatea
(Percentage)
 
EHS Control EHS Control EHS Control EHS Control
 
Center-Based
Site #1 44 17 83 74 0 3 0 23
Site #2 55 16 92 84 0 4 0 31
Site #3 25 6 86 100 1 3 33 33
Site #4 44 13 86 76 4 8 50 31
Center Total 168 52 87 80 5 18 33 30
 
Home-Based
Site #5 2 1 25 50 7 5 64 45
Site #6 1 0 25 0 3 4 13 18
Site #7 1 0 13 0 8 6 62 43
Site #8 13 4 87 44 5 0 29 0
Site #9 5 0 45 0 1 3 10 23
Site #10 0 3 0 75 3 7 19 58
Site #11 3 2 43 40 3 2 25 40
Home Total 25 10 45 30 30 27 29 28
 
Mixed
Site #12 13 8 72 62 3 6 21 43
Site #13 11 2 73 17 13 9 62 45
Site #14 3 0 20 0 0 1 0 7
Site #15 31 7 91 54 3 0 43 0
Site #16 11 2 79 50 7 8 64 57
Site #17 12 11 71 69 6 7 50 50
Mixed Total 81 30 72 49 32 31 43 33
 
Sample Total 274 92 76 58 67 76 35 31
aResponse rates indicate the percentage of eligible center or family child care arrangements we were able to locate and observe.

 

TABLE A.2
RESPONSE RATES FOR OBSERVATIONS OF EARLY HEAD START AND CONTROL GROUP CENTER AND FAMILY CHILD CARE ARRANGEMENTS AT 24 MONTHS OF AGE
Site Number of Center
Arrangements
Observeda		 Center Response Rateb
(Percentage)		 Number of Family
Child Care Arrangements
Observeda		 Family Child Care
Response Rateb
(Percentage)
 
EHS Control EHS Control EHS Control EHS Control
 
Center-Based
Site #1 48 17 94 65 0 1 0 11
Site #2 50 11 88 79 0 0 0 0
Site #3 19 5 76 83 4 1 67 14
Site #4 45 15 96 65 1 11 13 69
Center Total 162 48 90 70 5 13 24 30
 
Home-Based
Site #5 8 1 50 50 13 7 100 64
Site #6 6 2 55 33 6 9 24 41
Site #7 3 1 75 25 10 5 48 42
Site #8 13 9 68 60 4 0 24 0
Site #9 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 6
Site #10 1 7 100 100 7 2 54 22
Site #11 4 4 57 100 3 5 23 56
Home Total 35 24 49 55 43 29 39 32
 
Mixed
Site #12 15 3 71 43 0 2 0 15
Site #13 9 8 64 62 15 4 54 20
Site #14 10 0 91 0 1 0 17 0
Site #15 30 9 86 53 1 4 17 27
Site #16 17 7 100 64 10 2 71 25
Site #17 12 17 52 74 7 5 50 36
Mixed Total 93 44 77 61 34 17 44 22
 
Sample Total 290 116 78 63 82 59 39 28
aNumber of observed arrangements were determined by the number of valid ITERS or FDCRS scales we were able to calculate. Sample sizes for variables developed from the C-COS are slightly larger.

bResponse rates indicate the percentage of eligible center or family child care arrangements we were able to locate and observe.

 

TABLE A.3
RESPONSE RATES FOR OBSERVATIONS OF EARLY HEAD START AND CONTROL GROUP CENTER AND FAMILY CHILD CARE ARRANGEMENTS AT 36 MONTHS OF AGE
Site Number of Center
Arrangements
Observed(a)		 Center Response Rate(b)
(Percentage)		 Number of Family Child Care Arrangements
Observed(a)		 Family Child Care Response Rate(b)
(Percentage)
 
EHS Control EHS Control EHS Control EHS Control
 
Center-Based
Site #1 43 25 91 83 1 3 20 30
Site #2 47 14 100 74 0 0 0 0
Site #3 17 18 65 90 1 1 33 20
Site #4 46 15 102 75 2 4 20 57
Center Total 153 72 93 81 4 8 19 26
 
Home-Based
Site #5 20 5 63 45 9 6 150 60
Site #6 9 4 100 50 4 9 15 43
Site #7 19 15 86 94 5 8 29 50
Site #8 12 4 36 22 0 0 0 0
Site #9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Site #10 3 3 50 75 3 5 25 45
Site #11 6 4 75 80 5 6 63 55
Home Total 69 35 55 42 26 34 28 38
 
Mixed
Site #12 20 8 80 50 0 0 0 0
Site #13 10 7 67 41 11 2 46 25
Site #14 10 2 67 17 1 2 9 40
Site #15 25 19 78 86 1 1 17 13
Site #16 15 8 63 73 6 3 75 27
Site #17 14 22 58 76 6 2 46 25
Mixed Total 94 66 70 62 25 10 36 19
 
Sample Total 316 173 74 62 55 52 30 30

aNumber of observed arrangements were determined by the number of valid ECERS or FDCRS scales we were able to calculate. Sample sizes for variables developed from the C-COS are slightly larger.

bResponse rates indicate the percentage of eligible center or family child care arrangements we were able to locate and observe.

 

TABLE A.4
BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGRAM AND CONTROL-GROUP FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN IN CENTER CHILD CARE AT CENTER-BASED SITES
(Percentages)
Age of Child 14 Months 24 Months 36 Months
Characteristic at Enrollment Program Control Program Control Program Control
             
Pregnant 10 12 9 13 8 15*
Child Was 5+ Months Old 61 55 65 52 63 50*

Primary Language Was not
English(a)

 11 12 9 13 7 17**
Parent Lived with Partner 13 24* 15 31*** 14 22*
Family Income 67% to 99%
of Poverty Line		 21 22 22 33* 22 27
Other Race 2 10** 3 4 4 11**
Parent Unemployed 27 14* 24 13 24 15
Welfare Work Requirements(b) 85 88 88 90 89 75***
Sample Size 165 51 162 48 153 72

Source: Sample is based on families who reported being in an eligible care arrangement whom we were able to observe for a valid ITERS or ECERS-R score Baseline characteristics taken from the HSFIS enrollment data.

aParent reported English was not primary language spoken, but could speak English well.

bFamily lived in a state with TANF work requirement for women with children younger than 12 months.

*Difference is statistically significant at the .10 level.
**Difference is statistically significant at the .05 level.
***Difference is statistically significant at the .01 level.

 

TABLE A.5
BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGRAM AND CONTROL-GROUP FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN IN CENTER CHILD CARE AT SELECTED MIXED-APPROACH SITES
(Percentages)
Age of Child 14-Months 24-Months 36-Months
Characteristic at Enrollment Program Control Program Control Program Control
             
Child Was 5+ Months Old 31 25 27 22 31 29
Child had Environmental Risks 52 22** 30 33 43 39
Pregnant 30 32 36 39 34 38
Teenage Mother 61 36 49 43 45 51
Parents had Less than 9 Years of Education 10 0* 9 8 4 4
Primary Language Was not Englisha 3 11 3 3 6 4
Parent Lived with Partner 10 18 10 22* 9 19**
Adult Male in Household 27 54*** 27 47** 23 42***
Family Income 33% to 67% of Poverty Line 33 14* 38 31 33 35
Family Income 67% to 99% of Poverty Line 16 36** 14 28* 13 17
Family Received Welfare 67 42** 64 50 71 49***
African American 55 36* 49 36 46 38
Parent in School or Training 45 18*** 35 20* 31 20*
Parent Was Unemployed 22 36 25 37 23 42***
Urban = Setting 37 68*** 37 56* 57 63
Welfare Work Requirementsb 19 29 21 8* 42 32

Source: Sample is based on families who reported being in an eligible care arrangement whom we were able to observe for a valid ITERS or ECERS-R score. Baseline characteristics taken from the HSFIS enrollment data.

aParent reported English was not primary language spoken, but could speak English well.

bFamily lived in a state with TANF work requirement for women with children younger than 12 months.

*Difference is statistically significant at the .10 level.
**Difference is statistically significant at the .05 level.
***Difference is statistically significant at the .01 level.

 

TABLE A.6
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR CHILD CARE AND CHILD OUTCOMES FOR EARLY HEAD START CHILDREN IN CENTER CARE AT LEAST ONCE FROM 14 TO 36 MONTHS OF AGE
  Mean SD Minimum Maximum
Child Care Quality
 
Mean ITERS (14 Months) 4.7 1.12 1.50 6.80
Mean ITERS (24 Months) 5.0 1.08 1.65 6.76
Mean ECERS (36 Months) 5.0 1.11 1.24 6.82
Mean ITERS (14 to 24 Months) 4.8 1.10 1.57 6.76
Mean ITERS/ECERS (14 to 36 Months) 4.9 1.07 1.24 6.79
 
Child-Adult Ratio (14 Months) 2.9 1.23 0.83 7.70
Child-Adult Ratio (24 Months) 3.5 1.56 1.00 11.58
Child-Adult Ratio (36 Months) 5.5 2.64 0.78 14.83
Child-Adult Mean Ratio (14 to 24 Months) 3.3 1.37 0.93 11.58
Child-Adult Mean Ratio (14 to 36 Months) 4.2 1.87 0.78 13.10
 
Child Care Intensity
 
Average Weekly Center Hours, 14 Months 22.9 17.67 0.0 75.0
Average Weekly Center Hours, 24 Months 26.9 17.39 0.0 80.0
Average Weekly Center Hours, 36 Months 28.3 17.01 0.0 60.0
Average Weekly Center Hours, 14 to 24 Months 24.7 15.49 5.50 55.0
Average Weekly Center Hours, 14 to 36 Months 26.1 12.75 1.33 55.0
         
Child Outcomesa        
         
24-Month BSID-MDI 90.8 13.01 49.0 118.0
24-Month CDI:Language 57.1 23.17 3.0 100.0
24-Month CBCL: Aggressive Behavior 21.2 10.64 0.0 57.0
36-Month BSID-MDI 91.9 11.83 51.0 121.0
36-Month PPVT-III 84.5 15.03 40.0 125.0
36-Month CBCL 18.2 10.64 0.0 62.0
aBSID = Bayley Scales of Infant Development Mental Development Index
CDI = Communicative Development Inventory
CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist
PPVT-III = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition

 

TABLE A.7
SUMMARY OF OLS REGRESSIONS PREDICTING CHILD OUTCOMES AT 24 AND 36 MONTHS OF AGE
  24-Month Outcomes 36-Month Outcomes
BSID-MDI CDI Language CBCL
Aggression		 BSID-MDI PPVT-III CBCL
Aggression
 
Mean ITERS/ECERS-R 1.58** .53 -.79 .49 1.34* .37
(.74) (1.37) (.61) (.64) (.83) (.60)
 
Mean Child-Adult Ratio .32 -1.15 .48 .40 .10 -.27
(.64) (1.12) (.50) (.33) (.43) (.31)
 
Mean Hours in Center Care .13** .06 -.03 .15*** .15** -.05
(.06) (.12) (.05) (.05) (.06) (.05)
 
Adj R2 .13*** .04** -.01 .13*** .17*** -.01
 
Sample Size 284 308 306 336 293 328
Note: Unstandardized beta coefficients (with standard errors) presented. Mean scores from 14 to 24 months were included in models predicting 24-month outcomes; mean scores from 14 to 36 months were included in models predicting 36-month outcomes. All models control for the following: child gender, child age at time of assessment, maternal race/ethnicity, education and marital status, whether mother was teenage (<19 years) at child’s birth, and whether site was urban.

*p < .10; **p < .05; ***p < .01.


 

 

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