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Appendix 6.2: Factors That Moderate the Impact of Head Start: Detailed Tables for Social-Emotional Outcomes

The following tables (Exhibits A.6.2.1 through A.6.2.12) provide the results of the moderator/subgroup analyses for measures of social-emotional outcomes, with a separate table for each individual measure. For clarity, these results are only presented for the full combined sample (i.e., not separately for the English-English and Spanish-English language groups). Each table is organized as follows:

• The first column lists the variable used in the particular subgroup/moderator analysis (separate regressions were estimated for each moderator). For example, analyses were conducted to examine the extent to which child gender was related to program impact.

• As shown, separate lines are shown for the overall construct (e.g., gender) and for each of the subgroups that make up the construct, e.g., boys and girls. Estimates associated with the overall construct represent estimated differences in impacts (e.g., boys vs. girls), while the figures associated with each of the subgroup rows represent the impact on the individual subgroups (e.g., impacts on boys alone).

• For comparison purposes, the next column provides the mean on the particular outcome measure for the group indicated among children in the non-Head Start group in Spring 2003 (the end of the first program year).

• The next set of columns provides the estimated impact on the individual subgroups, while the last two columns provide the estimated difference in impact between subgroups.

• As with the overall impact tables provided in Chapter 6, the estimated impacts are shown using two separate estimation specifications: (1) using regression analyses that include only demographic covariates measured in fall 2002 and (2) using regression analyses that added a measure of the outcome variable assessed in fall 2002. The highlighting indicates which estimate is considered the “best” (see Chapter 4) and which is highlighted in the discussion in Chapter 6.

Exhibit A.6.2.1: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Aggressive Behavior: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Aggressive Behavior
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.24	0.07
	Special Needs	3.75	-0.28	-0.17
	No Special Needs	2.96	-0.04	-0.11
Child's Race	White	3.14	-0.22	-0.30*	0.20 (vs. Black)	0.32 (vs. Black)
	Black	2.87	-0.02	0.02	0.04 (vs. Hispanic)	0.10 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	3.15	0.02	-0.08	0.24 (vs. White)	0.21 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.16	0.12
	Girl	3.03	-0.15	-0.17
	Boy	3.07	0.01	-0.06
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					0.00	0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.26	0.33
	Separated or Divorced	3.31	-0.29	-0.41
	Not Separated or Divorced	3.01	-0.03	-0.07
Parent Married					0.17	0.07
	Married	2.98	-0.15	-0.15
	Not Married	3.11	0.01	-0.08
PPVT (Continuous)						0.00
Language of Assessment					0.17	0.14
	English-English	2.99	-0.11	-0.15
	Spanish-English	3.32	0.06	-0.01

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.2: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Aggressive Behavior: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Aggressive Behavior
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.34	0.36
	Special Needs	3.17	0.16	0.28
	No Special Needs	2.83	-0.18	-0.08
Child's Race	White	2.88	-0.20	-0.01	0.41 (vs. Black)	0.39 (vs. Black)
	Black	2.80	-0.61**	-0.40*	0.81** (vs. Hispanic)	0.55 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	2.90	0.20	0.16	0.40 (vs. White)	0.16 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.31	0.26
	Girl	2.79	-0.30*	-0.17
	Boy	2.94	0.01	0.09
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					0.00	0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.28	0.34
	Separated or Divorced	2.90	0.11	0.28
	Not Separated or Divorced	2.87	-0.17	-0.06
Parent Married					0.08	0.07
	Married	2.73	-0.09	0.03
	Not Married	2.99	-0.17	-0.04
PPVT (Continuous)						0.00
Language of Assessment					0.33	0.10
	English-English	2.77	-0.24*	-0.07
	Spanish-English	3.1	0.09	0.03

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.3: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Social Skills and Positive Approaches to Learning: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Social Skills and Positive Approaches to Learning
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.12	0.00
	Special Needs	11.90	0.17	-0.00
	No Special Needs	12.43	0.04	-0.00
Child's Race	White	12.22	0.37*	0.22	0.47* (vs. Black)	0.36 (vs. Black)
	Black	12.33	-0.09	-0.14	0.00 (vs. Hispanic)	0.05 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	12.56	-0.09	-0.09	0.46* (vs. White)	0.31 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.09	0.01
	Girl	12.58	0.01	0.00
	Boy	12.15	0.11	-0.01
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					0.00	-0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.57*	0.38
	Separated or Divorced	12.74	-0.43	-0.30
	Not Separated or Divorced	12.31	0.14	0.08
Parent Married					0.06	0.07
	Married	12.35	0.10	-0.01
	Not Married	12.39	0.05	0.06
PPVT (Continuous)						0.00
Language of Assessment					0.38	0.31
	English-English	12.33	0.13	0.06
	Spanish-English	12.54	-0.25	-0.25

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.4: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Social Skills and Positive Approaches to Learning: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Social Skills and Positive Approaches to Learning
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.09	0.28
	Special Needs	12.10	0.07	0.19
	No Special Needs	12.54	-0.01	-0.09
Child's Race	White	12.58	0.08	0.00	0.13 (vs. Black)	0.09 (vs. Black)
	Black	12.39	0.22	0.09	0.43 (vs. Hispanic)	0.28 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	12.47	-0.22	-0.19	0.30 (vs. White)	0.19 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.30	0.30
	Girl	12.54	0.15	0.10
	Boy	12.44	-0.15	-0.20
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					0.00	-0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.02	0.07
	Separated or Divorced	12.39	-0.00	0.03
	Not Separated or Divorced	12.51	0.02	-0.04
Parent Married					0.22	0.22
	Married	12.38	0.13	0.10
	Not Married	12.58	-0.09	-0.13
PPVT (Continuous)						0.00
Language of Assessment					0.46	0.39
	English-English	12.47	0.13	0.06
	Spanish-English	12.52	-0.33	-0.33

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.5: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Total Child Behavior Problems: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Total Child Behavior Problems
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.08	0.33
	Special Needs	7.85	-0.56	-0.19
	No Special Needs	6.06	-0.48*	-0.52*
Child's Race	White	6.57	-1.00**	-0.86**	0.79 (vs. Black)	0.58 (vs. Black)
	Black	5.57	-0.21	-0.28	0.08 (vs. Hispanic)	0.04 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	6.63	-0.29	-0.33	0.72 (vs. White)	0.53 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.10	0.01
	Girl	5.91	-0.45	-0.49
	Boy	6.62	-0.54	-0.48
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					0.00	-0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.13	0.27
	Separated or Divorced	6.53	-0.66	-0.77
	Not Separated or Divorced	6.22	-0.53*	-0.50**
Parent Married					0.57	0.15
	Married	6.2	-0.86*	-0.62
	Not Married	6.3	-0.29	-0.47*
PPVT (Continuous)						-0.00
Language of Assessment					0.15	0.16
	English-English	5.99	-0.53**	-0.46*
	Spanish-English	7.36	-0.38	-0.62

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.6: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Total Child Behavior Problems: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Total Child Behavior Problems
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.58	0.58
	Special Needs	7.60	0.26	0.50
	No Special Needs	5.61	-0.32	-0.08
Child's Race	White	5.61	-0.20	0.25	0.72 (vs. Black)	0.73 (vs. Black)
	Black	5.35	-0.92**	0.48	1.04 (vs. Hispanic)	0.55 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	6.28	0.12	0.07	0.32 (vs. White)	0.18 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.53	0.60
	Girl	5.42	-0.52	-0.32
	Boy	6.22	0.01	0.29
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					0.01	0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.19	0.27
	Separated or Divorced	6.2	-0.44	-0.23
	Not Separated or Divorced	5.77	-0.25	0.04
Parent Married					0.41	0.65
	Married	5.56	0.05	0.35
	Not Married	6.07	-0.46	-0.30
PPVT (Continuous)						0.00
Language of Assessment					0.54	0.17
	English-English	5.46	-0.41	-0.06
	Spanish-English	6.66	0.13	0.11

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.7: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Hyperactive Behavior: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Hyperactive Behavior
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.05	0.03
	Special Needs	2.59	-0.39	-0.27
	No Special Needs	1.94	-0.33**	-0.30*
Child's Race	White	2.01	-0.44**	-0.34*	0.28 (vs. Black)	0.19 (vs. Black)
	Black	1.69	-0.16	-0.15	0.27 (vs. Hispanic)	0.25 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	2.34	-0.43**	-0.40*	0.01 (vs. White)	0.06 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.09	0.04
	Girl	1.87	-0.29	-0.28
	Boy	2.17	-0.39**	-0.31*
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					-0.00	-0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.15	0.17
	Separated or Divorced	2.09	-0.24	-0.17
	Not Separated or Divorced	2.00	-0.39***	-0.33***
Parent Married					0.23	0.14
	Married	2.00	-0.50**	-0.39*
	Not Married	2.02	-0.26*	-0.25*
PPVT (Continuous)						-0.00
Language of Assessment					0.30	0.47
	English-English	1.83	-0.28**	-0.20*
	Spanish-English	2.79	-0.59**	-0.68**

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.8: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Hyperactive Behavior: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Hyperactive Behavior
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.23	0.33
	Special Needs	2.38	0.12	0.29
	No Special Needs	1.71	-0.11	-0.04
Child's Race	White	1.67	-0.11	0.09	0.03 (vs. Black)	0.16 (vs. Black)
	Black	1.47	-0.15	-0.07	0.12 (vs. Hispanic)	0.05 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	2.06	-0.03	-0.03	0.09 (vs. White)	0.12 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.11	0.22
	Girl	1.58	-0.14	-0.11
	Boy	1.98	-0.03	0.11
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					0.00	0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.47	0.44
	Separated or Divorced	1.97	-0.51	-0.39
	Not Separated or Divorced	1.76	-0.04	0.05
Parent Married					0.24	0.33
	Married	1.71	0.02	0.16
	Not Married	1.85	-0.22	-0.16
PPVT (Continuous)						0.00
Language of Assessment					0.16	0.03
	English-English	1.57	-0.13	-0.01
	Spanish-English	2.26	0.03	0.02

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.9: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Social Competencies Checklist: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Social Competencies Checklist
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.19	0.23
	Special Needs	10.81	-0.20	-0.26
	No Special Needs	11.02	-0.01	-0.03
Child's Race	White	10.83	0.20	0.15	0.53** (vs. Black)	0.49** (vs. Black)
	Black	11.02	-0.33*	-0.34**	0.36 (vs. Hispanic)	0.37* (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	11.14	0.04	0.03	0.16 (vs. White)	0.12 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.05	0.06
	Girl	11.10	-0.01	-0.03
	Boy	10.94	-0.06	-0.09
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					-0.00	-0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.04	0.12
	Separated or Divorced	10.96	0.01	0.07
	Not Separated or Divorced	11.00	-0.03	-0.05
Parent Married					0.10	0.02
	Married	11.04	0.03	-0.05
	Not Married	10.96	-0.07	-0.03
PPVT (Continuous)						-0.00
Language of Assessment					0.06	0.11
	English-English	10.94	-0.05	-0.08
	Spanish-English	11.22	0.01	0.03

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.10: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Social Competencies Checklist: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Social Competencies Checklist
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.33	0.26
	Special Needs	10.84	-0.32	-0.25
	No Special Needs	11.09	0.01	0.01
Child's Race	White	11.06	0.10	0.10	0.20 (vs. Black)	0.28 (vs. Black)
	Black	11.05	-0.10	-0.18	0.01 (vs. Hispanic)	0.16 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	11.07	-0.09	-0.02	0.19 (vs. White)	0.12 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.34	0.33
	Girl	11.19	0.15	0.15
	Boy	10.94	-0.19	-0.18
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					-0.00*	-0.00**
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.08	0.12
	Separated or Divorced	10.96	0.04	0.10
	Not Separated or Divorced	11.1	-0.04	-0.02
Parent Married					0.04	0.05
	Married	11.17	-0.00	-0.03
	Not Married	10.97	-0.05	0.02
PPVT (Continuous)						0.00
Language of Assessment					0.07	0.01
	English-English	11.04	-0.01	-0.02
	Spanish-English	11.11	-0.08	-0.03

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.11: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Withdrawn Behavior Scale: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Withdrawn Behavior Scale
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.06	0.08
	Special Needs	0.76	0.02	0.04
	No Special Needs	0.56	-0.04	-0.04
Child's Race	White	0.72	-0.13	-0.08	0.10 (vs. Black)	0.02 (vs. Black)
	Black	0.44	-0.03	-0.09	0.10 (vs. Hispanic)	0.16 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	0.57	0.07	0.07	0.20 (vs. White)	0.15 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.01	0.02
	Girl	0.53	-0.03	-0.02
	Boy	0.63	-0.04	-0.04
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					-0.00	-0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.13	0.14
	Separated or Divorced	0.65	-0.16	-0.17
	Not Separated or Divorced	0.57	-0.03	-0.03
Parent Married					0.00	0.07
	Married	0.58	-0.05	-0.00
	Not Married	0.57	-0.04	-0.08
PPVT (Continuous)						-0.00
Language of Assessment					0.36*	0.31
	English-English	0.58	-0.10	-0.09
	Spanish-English	0.56	0.26	0.21

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

Exhibit A.6.2.12: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Withdrawn Behavior Scale: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data

Withdrawn Behavior Scale
Moderator/Subgroup (Sample N=1,638)		Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates
		Non-Head Start Group Mean	Impact of Head Start on Subgroup		Difference in Impact Between Subgroups
			Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure	Demographic Covariate Only	With Fall Measure
Special Needs					0.10	0.06
	Special Needs	1.11	0.03	0.02
	No Special Needs	0.64	-0.07	-0.04
Child's Race	White	0.69	-0.01	-0.02	0.10 (vs. Black)	0.03 (vs. Black)
	Black	0.62	-0.11	-0.05	0.05 (vs. Hispanic)	0.01 (vs. Hispanic)
	Hispanic	0.75	-0.06	-0.04	0.05 (vs. White)	0.03 (vs. White)
Child's Gender					0.10	0.14
	Girl	0.67	-0.11	-0.10
	Boy	0.72	-0.00	0.03
Caregiver Depresion (Continuous)					0.00	0.00
Parent Separated or Divorced					0.05	0.12
	Separated or Divorced	0.84	-0.10	-0.14
	Not Separated or Divorced	0.67	-0.05	-0.02
Parent Married					0.01	0.06
	Married	0.68	-0.06	-0.00
	Not Married	0.72	-0.07	-0.07
PPVT (Continuous)						0.00
Language of Assessment					0.09	0.11
	English-English	0.68	-0.08	-0.07
	Spanish-English	0.74	0.01	0.04

* = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001.

 

 

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