Appendix 7.2: Factors That Moderate the Impact of Head Start: Detailed Tables for Health Outcomes
The following tables (Exhibits A.7.2.1 through A.7.2.10) provide the results of the moderator/subgroup analyses for measures of health outcomes, with a separate table for each individual measure. For clarity, these results are only presented for the full combined sample (i.e., not separately for the English-English and Spanish-English language groups). Each table is organized as follows:
-
The first column lists the variable used in the particular subgroup/moderator analysis (separate regressions were estimated for each moderator). For example, analyses were conducted to examine the extent to which child gender was related to program impact.
-
As shown, separate lines are shown for the overall construct (e.g., gender) and for each of the subgroups that make up the construct, e.g., boys and girls. Estimates associated with the overall construct represent estimated differences in impacts (e.g., boys vs. girls), while the figures associated with each of the subgroup rows represent the impact on the individual subgroups (e.g., impacts on boys alone).
-
For comparison purposes, the next column provides the mean on the particular outcome measure for the group indicated among children in the non-Head Start group in spring 2003 (the end of the first program year).
-
The next set of columns provides the estimated impact on the individual subgroups, while the last two columns provide the estimated difference in impact between subgroups.
-
As with the overall impact tables provided in Chapter 7, the estimated impacts are shown using two separate estimation specifications: (1) using regression analyses that include only demographic covariates measured in fall 2002 and (2) using regression analyses that added a measure of the outcome variable assessed in fall 2002. The highlighting indicates which estimate is considered the “best” (see Chapter 4) and which is highlighted in the discussion in Chapter 7.
Exhibit A.7.2.1: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Health Insurance: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring English and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data
| Health Insurance |
| Moderator/ Subgroup (Sample N=1,638) |
Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates |
| Non-Head Start Group |
Impact of Head Start on Subgroup |
Difference in Impact Between Subgroups |
| Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
| Special Needs |
|
|
|
|
0.03 |
0.04 |
| Special Needs |
0.90 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
|
|
| No Special Needs |
0.02 |
-0.00 |
0.01 |
|
|
| Parent Married |
|
|
|
|
0.00 |
0.01 |
| Married |
0.91 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
|
|
| Not Married |
0.92 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
|
| Child's Race |
White |
0.94 |
-0.03 |
-0.03 |
0.03 (vs. Black) |
0.02 (vs. Black) |
| Black |
0.96 |
-0.00 |
-0.01 |
0.04 (vs.Hispanic) |
0.02 (vs. Hispanic) |
| Hispanic |
0.84 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.06 (vs. White) |
0.04 (vs. White) |
| Home Language |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
0.02 |
| Not English |
0.85 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
|
|
| English |
0.94 |
-0.01 |
-0.01 |
|
|
| Depression |
|
|
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
| * = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001. |
Exhibit A.7.2.2: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Health Insurance: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring English and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data
| Health Insurance |
| Moderator/ Subgroup (Sample N=1,638) |
Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates |
| Non-Head Start Group |
Impact of Head Start on Subgroup |
Difference in Impact Between Subgroups |
| Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
| Special Needs |
|
|
|
|
0.00 |
0.02 |
| Special Needs |
0.90 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
|
|
| No Special Needs |
0.88 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
|
|
| Parent Married |
|
|
|
|
0.03 |
0.02 |
| Married |
0.82 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
|
| Not Married |
0.93 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
|
|
| Child's Race |
White |
0.94 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
0.03 (vs. Black) |
0.03 (vs. Black) |
| Black |
0.98 |
-0.04 |
-0.03 |
0.07* (vs.Hispanic) |
0.08* (vs.Hispanic) |
| Hispanic |
0.78 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.04 (vs. White) |
0.04 (vs. White) |
| Home Language |
|
|
|
|
0.08* |
0.07 |
| Not English |
0.73 |
0.05* |
0.06* |
|
|
| English |
0.95 |
-0.02 |
-0.01 |
|
|
| Depression (Continuous) |
|
|
|
0.01 |
0.01 |
| * = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001. |
Exhibit A.7.2.3: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Dental Care: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring English and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data
| Child Has Dental Care |
| Moderator/ Subgroup (Sample N=1,638) |
Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates |
| Non-Head Start Group |
Impact of Head Start on Subgroup |
Difference in Impact Between Subgroups |
| Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
| Special Needs |
|
|
|
|
0.08 |
0.07 |
| Special Needs |
0.47 |
0.24* |
0.19 |
|
|
| No Special Needs |
0.52 |
0.16*** |
0.12*** |
|
|
| Parent Married |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
0.03 |
| Married |
0.54 |
0.18*** |
0.15** |
|
|
| Not Married |
0.50 |
0.16*** |
0.12** |
|
|
| Child's Race |
White |
0.52 |
0.17*** |
0.14** |
0.07 (vs. Black) |
0.08 (vs. Black) |
| Black |
0.52 |
0.11 |
0.06 |
0.12 (vs. Hispanic) |
0.13 (vs. Hispanic) |
| Hispanic |
0.51 |
0.22*** |
0.19*** |
0.05 (vs. White) |
0.05 (vs. White) |
| Home Language |
|
|
|
|
0.07 |
0.08 |
| Not English |
0.53 |
0.22*** |
0.19*** |
|
|
| English |
0.52 |
0.15*** |
0.11** |
|
|
| Depression (Continuous) |
|
|
|
0.16*** |
0.17*** |
| * = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001. |
Exhibit A.7.2.4: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Dental Care: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring English and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data
| Child Has Dental Care |
| Moderator/ Subgroup (Sample N=1,638) |
Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates |
| Non-Head Start Group |
Impact of Head Start on Subgroup |
Difference in Impact Between Subgroups |
| Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
| Special Needs |
|
|
|
|
0.00 |
0.04 |
| Special Needs |
0.60 |
0.16 |
0.17 |
|
|
| No Special Needs |
0.57 |
0.16*** |
0.13** |
|
|
| Parent Married |
|
|
|
|
0.04 |
0.03 |
| Married |
0.58 |
0.18*** |
0.15** |
|
|
| Not Married |
0.55 |
0.14** |
0.12* |
|
|
| Child's Race |
White |
0.52 |
0.24*** |
0.20** |
0.11 (vs. Black) |
0.11 (vs. Black) |
| Black |
0.59 |
0.13 |
0.09 |
0.01 (vs. Hispanic) |
0.01 (vs. Hispanic) |
| Hispanic |
0.60 |
0.12* |
0.10 |
0.12 (vs. White) |
0.10 (vs. White) |
| Home Language |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
0.02 |
| Not English |
0.59 |
0.17** |
0.15* |
|
|
| English |
0.56 |
0.16*** |
0.13** |
|
|
| Depression (Continuous) |
|
|
|
0.16*** |
0.16*** |
| * = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001. |
Exhibit A.7.2.5: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Care for Injury in Last Month: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring English and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data
| Child Had Care for Injury in Last Month |
| Moderator/ Subgroup (Sample N=1,638) |
Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates |
| Non-Head Start Group |
Impact of Head Start on Subgroup |
Difference in Impact Between Subgroups |
| Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
| Special Needs |
|
|
|
|
0.01 |
0.01 |
| Special Needs |
0.12 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
|
|
| No Special Needs |
0.08 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
|
|
| Parent Married |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
0.02 |
| Married |
0.09 |
-0.01 |
-0.01 |
|
|
| Not Married |
0.08 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
|
|
| Child's Race |
White |
0.04 |
0.07** |
0.07*** |
0.08* (vs. Black) |
0.08* (vs. Black) |
| Black |
0.08 |
-0.01 |
-0.01 |
0.05 (vs. Hispanic) |
0.05 (vs. Hispanic) |
| Hispanic |
0.12 |
-0.06* |
-0.06* |
0.13** (vs. White) |
0.13*** (vs. White) |
| Home Language |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
0.02 |
| Not English |
0.09 |
-0.01 |
-0.01 |
|
|
| English |
0.08 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
|
|
| Depression (Continuous) |
|
|
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
| * = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001. |
Exhibit A.7.2.6: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Care for Injury in Last Month: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring English and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data
| Child Had Care for Injury in Last Month |
| Moderator/ Subgroup (Sample N=1,638) |
Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates |
| Non-Head Start Group |
Impact of Head Start on Subgroup |
Difference in Impact Between Subgroups |
| Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
| Special Needs |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
0.02 |
| Special Needs |
0.18 |
-0.03 |
-0.03 |
|
|
| No Special Needs |
0.11 |
-0.00 |
-0.00 |
|
|
| Parent Married |
|
|
|
|
0.04 |
0.04 |
| Married |
0.08 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
|
|
| Not Married |
0.15 |
-0.02 |
-0.02 |
|
|
| Child's Race |
White |
0.10 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.06 (vs. Black) |
0.06 (vs. Black) |
| Black |
0.19 |
-0.03 |
-0.03 |
0.00 (vs.Hispanic) |
0.00 (vs. Hispanic) |
| Hispanic |
0.09 |
-0.03 |
-0.03 |
0.06 (vs. White) |
0.06 (vs. White) |
| Home Language |
|
|
|
|
0.04 |
0.04 |
| Not English |
0.10 |
-0.04 |
-0.04 |
|
|
| English |
0.13 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
|
| Depression (Continuous) |
|
|
|
0.01 |
0.01 |
| * = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001. |
Exhibit A.7.2.7: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Need for Ongoing Care: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring English and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data
| Child Needs Ongoing Care |
| Moderator/ Subgroup (Sample N=1,638) |
Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates |
| Non-Head Start Group |
Impact of Head Start on Subgroup |
Difference in Impact Between Subgroups |
| Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
| Special Needs |
|
|
|
|
0.11 |
0.10 |
| Special Needs |
0.25 |
0.09 |
0.10 |
|
|
| No Special Needs |
0.11 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
|
|
| Parent Married |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
0.03 |
| Married |
0.12 |
-0.01 |
0.00 |
|
|
| Not Married |
0.13 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
|
|
| Child's Race |
White |
0.15 |
-0.02 |
0.00 |
0.02 (vs. Black) |
0.02 (vs. Black) |
| Black |
0.17 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.01 (vs. Hispanic) |
0.00 (vs. Hispanic) |
| Hispanic |
0.07 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.04 (vs. White) |
0.02 (vs. White) |
| Home Language |
|
|
|
|
0.01 |
0.02 |
| Not English |
0.07 |
-0.01 |
0.00 |
|
|
| English |
0.15 |
-0.00 |
0.02 |
|
|
| Depression (Continuous) |
|
|
|
-0.00 |
0.00 |
| * = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001. |
Exhibit A.7.2.8: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Need for Ongoing Care: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring English and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data
| Child Needs Ongoing Care |
| Moderator/ Subgroup (Sample N=1,638) |
Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates |
| Non-Head Start Group |
Impact of Head Start on Subgroup |
Difference in Impact Between Subgroups |
| Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
| Special Needs |
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
0.02 |
| Special Needs |
0.26 |
-0.04 |
0.00 |
|
|
| No Special Needs |
0.09 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
|
|
| Parent Married |
|
|
|
|
0.01 |
0.01 |
| Married |
0.09 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
|
|
| Not Married |
0.13 |
-0.00 |
0.03 |
|
|
| Child's Race |
White |
0.13 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.03 (vs. Black) |
0.02 (vs. Black) |
| Black |
0.14 |
-0.00 |
0.03 |
0.03 (vs. Hispanic) |
0.03 (vs. Hispanic) |
| Hispanic |
0.08 |
-0.03 |
-0.01 |
0.06 (vs. White) |
0.06 (vs. White) |
| Home Language |
|
|
|
|
0.04 |
0.05 |
| Not English |
0.06 |
-0.03 |
-0.01 |
|
|
| English |
0.14 |
0.01 |
0.04* |
|
|
| Depression (Continuous) |
|
|
|
0.00 |
-0.00 |
| * = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001. |
Exhibit A.7.2.9: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Child Health Status: 3-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring English and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data
| Child Health Status |
| Moderator/ Subgroup (Sample N=1,638) |
Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates |
| Non-Head Start Group |
Impact of Head Start on Subgroup |
Difference in Impact Between Subgroups |
| Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
| Special Needs |
|
|
|
|
0.17 |
0.15 |
| Special Needs |
0.54 |
0.20* |
0.19* |
|
|
| No Special Needs |
0.78 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
|
|
| Parent Married |
|
|
|
|
0.06 |
0.05 |
| Married |
0.74 |
0.09 |
0.08* |
|
|
| Not Married |
0.77 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
|
| Child's Race |
White |
0.79 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.04 (vs. Black) |
0.01 (vs. Black) |
| Black |
0.83 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
0.15* (vs. Hispanic) |
0.12 (vs. Hispanic) |
| Hispanic |
0.65 |
0.14*** |
0.12** |
0.11 (vs. White) |
0.10 (vs. White) |
| Home Language |
|
|
|
|
0.13** |
0.12* |
| Not English |
0.62 |
0.15*** |
0.14** |
|
|
| English |
0.81 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
|
|
| Depression (Continuous) |
|
|
|
0.06* |
0.05* |
| * = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001. |
Exhibit A.7.2.10: Initial One-Year Estimates of Factors That Moderate Head Start's Impact on Health Status: 4-Year-Old Group, Combined Fall English-Spring English and Fall Spanish-Spring English Group, Weighted Data
| Child Health Status |
| Moderator/ Subgroup (Sample N=1,638) |
Intent-To-Treat Impact Estimates |
| Non-Head Start Group |
Impact of Head Start on Subgroup |
Difference in Impact Between Subgroups |
| Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
Demographic Covariate Only |
With Fall Measure |
| Special Needs |
|
|
|
|
0.18 |
0.22* |
| Special Needs |
0.77 |
-0.20 |
-0.23* |
|
|
| No Special Needs |
0.82 |
0.02 |
-0.01 |
|
|
| Parent Married |
|
|
|
|
0.12* |
0.10 |
| Married |
0.88 |
-0.09* |
-0.08** |
|
|
| Not Married |
0.75 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
|
|
| Child's Race |
White |
0.90 |
-0.04 |
-0.05 |
0.07 (vs. Black) |
0.08 (vs. Black) |
| Black |
0.82 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.09* (vs. Hispanic) |
0.08 (vs. Hispanic) |
| Hispanic |
0.74 |
-0.07 |
-0.06 |
0.02 (vs. White) |
0.01 (vs. White) |
| Home Language |
|
|
|
|
0.10* |
0.07 |
| Not English |
0.76 |
0.10** |
-0.08* |
|
|
| English |
0.84 |
0.00 |
-0.01 |
|
|
| Depression (Continuous) |
|
|
|
-0.03 |
-0.03 |
| * = p≤0.05, ** = p≤0.01, *** = p≤0.001. |
|
