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Exhibit 2: Child Care Settings Used by Head Start and Non-Head Start Children, Spring 2003
Percent of Children by Type of Child Care Setting
3-Year-Old Group 4-Year-Old Group
Head Start Group Non-Head Start Group Head Start Group Non-Head Start Group
Head Start and Other Center-Based Programs 91.0% 42.5% 88.3% 48.1%
Parent Care 6.8% 39.2% 8.7% 41.6%
Other Care Setting 2.3% 18.3% 3.0% 10.4%
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Exhibit 4: Impact of Head Start on Reducing the Achievement Gap in Children’s Pre-Reading Skills (Woodcock-Johnson III Letter-Word Identification): Comparing Spring 2003 Means to National Norms by Age Group
Difference between spring 2003 mean and national norm (standard scores)
Woodcock-Johnson III Letter-Word Identification Head Start Non-Head Start Gap Reduction
3 year olds -4.0 -7.6 Gap reduced 47%
4 year olds -4.8 -8.7 Gap reduced 45%
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Exhibit 5: Impact of Head Start on Reducing the Achievement Gap in Children's Pre-Writing Skills (Woodcock-Johnson III Spelling): Comparing Spring 2003 Means to National Norms by Age Group
Difference between spring 2003 mean and national norm (standard scores)
Woodcock-Johnson III Spelling Head Start Non-Head Start Gap Reduction
4 year olds -7.5 -10.4 Gap reduced 28%
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Exhibit 6: Impact of Head Start on Reducing the Achievement Gap in Children's Vocabulary Skills (PPVT-III (adapted)): Comparing Spring 2003 Means to National Norms by Age Group
Difference between spring 2003 mean and national norm (standard scores)
PPVT-III Head Start Non-Head Start Gap Reduction
3 yr olds -17.1 -18.6 Gap reduced 8%
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Exhibit 8: Impact of Head Start on Behavior Problems and Hyperactive Behavior, 3-Year-Old Group
Subscale Scores
  Total Problem Behavior Hyperactive Behavior
Head Start 5.8 1.7
Non-Head Start 6.3 2.0
Impact 0.5 0.3
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Exhibit 10: Impact of Head Start on Parent-Reported Receipt of Dental Care, 3- and 4-Year-Old Groups
Percent of children receiving dental care
  3-Year-Olds 4-Year-Olds
Head Start 68.90% 73.20%
Non-Head Start 51.s80% 56.90%
Impact 17.10% 16.30%
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Exhibit 12: Impact of Head Start on the Number of Times Parent Reads to Child in a Week, 3- and 4-Year-Old Groups
Number of times child read to in a week
  3-Year-Olds 4-Year-Olds
Head Start 2.9 3.0
Non-Head Start 2.8 2.8
Impact 0.2 0.2
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Exhibit 1.1: Sample Selection Process for the Head Start Impact Study

Box One Text: All FY1998-1999 Head Start Grantee/Delegate Agencies in All 50 States, DC, & Puerto Rico
Exclude “very new,” migrant, Tribal Organization, and Early Head Start only grantee/delegate agencies (N=1,715).
Box Two Text: Create Geographic Grantee Clusters and Group into 25 Strata
Group grantee/delegate agencies by geographic proximity with a minimum of 8 per cluster (N=161 clusters). Stratify clusters on: state pre-K and childcare policy; child race/ethnicity, urban/rural location, and region. Select 1 cluster per stratum with probability proportional to Head Start enrollment (N=261 grantee/delegate agencies).
Box Three Text: Determine Eligible Grantee/Delegate Agencies in Each Cluster
Exclude closed or merged programs and those that are “saturated” (i.e., have very few unserved children in the community). Eliminated 38 grantee/delegate agencies (N=223). Small grantee/delegate agencies were then grouped to ensure meeting target sample sizes (N=184 groups).
Box Four Text: Stratify and Select Grantee/Delegate Agencies
Stratify on grantee/delegate agency characteristics and local contextual variables, and randomly select approximately 3 grantee/delegate agencies per cluster (N=76 grantee groups, 90 grantee/delegate agencies across 23 states).
Box Five Text: Recruit Grantee/Delegate Agencies for the Study
Resulted in 76 grantee/delegate agency groups and 87 individual grantee/delegate agencies.
Box Six Text: Develop List of Head Start Centers
Participating grantee/delegate agencies provided lists of operating centers as of fall 2002 (N=1,427 centers).
Box Seven Text: Determine Eligible Centers and Create Center Groups
Exclude saturated centers and create center groups by combining small centers with nearby centers (N=1,258 centers).
Box Eight Text: Stratify and Select Sample of Centers
Stratify centers using same characteristics used with grantees. Randomly select centers and exclude saturated centers (84 grantee/delegate agencies, 383 centers).
Box Nine Text: Select Children and Conduct Random Assignment
Final Sample: 84 grantee/delegate agencies, 378 centers, 2,783 Head Start children and 1,884 non-Head Start children.
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Exhibit 3.7: Measure of Classroom Quality in Head Start and Other Preschool & Child Care Settings.

Comparison of Program Quality for Preschool Programs Across Multiple Studies
Study Name ECERS Mean SD SD*2 SD*1.5
Head Start Impact Study - Head Start Classrooms (Spring 2003) 5.22 0.89 1.8 1.34
Head Start FACES Classrooms (Spring 2001) 4.91 1.00 2.0 1.50
Georgia Pre-K Study - 27 Head Start Classrooms (Henry et al, 2003) 4.50 0.85 1.7 1.3
Head Start Impact Study - Non-Head Start Classrooms (Spring 2003) 4.52 1.11 2.2 1.7
Georgia Pre-K Study - 69 State Pre-K Classrooms (Henry et al, 2003) 4.70 0.67 1.3 1.0
Georgia Pre-K Study - 30 Private Pre-K Classrooms (Henry et al, 2003) 3.50 0.98 2.0 1.5
246 Community- & School-based Centers in New Jersey (Resnick, 2001) 4.62 1.13 2.3 1.7
NCEDL 6-State Pre-K Study (Bryant, et al, 2004) 3.90 0.77 1.5 1.2
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Center Saturation Rates combined report
ProgID SatRateNumCenter satRateNewEnrollment
Saturation rate Average Saturation rate Average
1 10 16.64114 1.0377 13.1603
4 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
6 28.5714 16.64114 14.2857 13.1603
12 33.3333 16.64114 5.1887 13.1603
29 20.9689 16.64114 16.7699 13.1603
33 18.9411 16.64114 19.017 13.1603
34 51.593 16.64114 62.5155 13.1603
37 56.0107 16.64114 50.4197 13.1603
46 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
49 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
52 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
59 13.3333 16.64114 12.381 13.1603
63 31.0249 16.64114 20.7031 13.1603
66 18.75 16.64114 12.0015 13.1603
72 33.3333 16.64114 31.1475 13.1603
73 32.2963 16.64114 24.8703 13.1603
76 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
77 33.3333 16.64114 38.6861 13.1603
78 25 16.64114 25 13.1603
79 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
81 24.878 16.64114 8.2837 13.1603
83 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
84 1.9231 16.64114 3.8697 13.1603
86 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
87 33.3333 16.64114 32.6923 13.1603
93 30.6778 16.64114 33.3333 13.1603
97 40 16.64114 44.5255 13.1603
98 50 16.64114 23.5294 13.1603
99 3.3333 16.64114 3.3333 13.1603
103 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
104 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
105 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
106 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
107 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
111 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
112 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
114 50 16.64114 53.1915 13.1603
119 26.6667 16.64114 18.6119 13.1603
129 34.0909 16.64114 23.5573 13.1603
131 66.6667 16.64114 55.6886 13.1603
168 72.7273 16.64114 65 13.1603
169 83.3333 16.64114 62.0879 13.1603
171 75 16.64114 68.1081 13.1603
172 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
187 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
191 62.5 16.64114 52.6359 13.1603
203 29.7064 16.64114 10.8526 13.1603
205 27.2727 16.64114 21.2014 13.1603
212 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
217 7.6923 16.64114 3.1818 13.1603
220 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
222 31.6239 16.64114 11.8103 13.1603
225 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
234 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
236 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
237 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
239 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
240 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
241 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
242 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
245 12.5 16.64114 5.2941 13.1603
253 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
258 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
259 15.3846 16.64114 19.5991 13.1603
265 6.25 16.64114 3.681 13.1603
269 62.5 16.64114 32.5448 13.1603
270 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
277 66.6667 16.64114 61.7363 13.1603
278 15.9091 16.64114 10.5263 13.1603
281 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
282 13.6364 16.64114 8.1633 13.1603
283 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
285 14.2857 16.64114 14.9533 13.1603
287 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
298 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
319 5.5556 16.64114 5.9259 13.1603
323 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
324 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
327 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
332 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
334 18.9189 16.64114 7.7727 13.1603
345 8.3333 16.64114 5.7506 13.1603
347 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
354 0 16.64114 0 13.1603
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