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Appendix B: Supplementary Tables for "Effects on Employment and Public Assistance Receipt"
| Outcome | PRIDE Group | Control Group | Difference (Impact) | P-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years 1 and 2 | Ever employed (%) | 33.7 | 26.5 | 7.2 *** | 0.000 | |
| Average quarterly employment (%) | 15.7 | 12.8 | 2.9 *** | 0.004 | ||
| Employed 8 consecutive quarters (%) | 3.2 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 0.725 | ||
| Earningsa($) | 3,536 | 2,982 | 554 a | NA | ||
| For those employed in Years 1 and 2: | Average quarterly employment (%) | 46.6 | 48.3 | -1.6 | NA | |
| Average earnings per quarter employed ($) | 5,622 | 5,823 | -200 | NA | ||
| Ever received cash assistance (%) | 99.4 | 99.3 | 0.0 | 0.901 | ||
| Number of months on cash assistance | 20 | 21 | -1 *** | 0.003 | ||
| Amount of cash assistance received ($) | 10,732 | 11,550 | -818 *** | 0.000 | ||
| Ever received food stamps (%) | 99.4 | 99.0 | 0.4 | 0.293 | ||
| Number of months on food stamp receipt | 22 | 22 | 0 * | 0.084 | ||
| Amount of food stamps received ($) | 6,256 | 6,386 | -130 | 0.123 | ||
| Total measured incomea b ($) | 20,455 | 21,016 | -562 a | NA | ||
| Year 1 | Ever employed (%) | 23.0 | 18.7 | 4.3 *** | 0.004 | |
| Average quarterly employment (%) | 13.1 | 11.3 | 1.8 * | 0.065 | ||
| Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) | 5.5 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 0.384 | ||
| Earningsa ($) | 1,330 | 1,167 | 163 a | NA | ||
| For those employed in Year 1: | Average quarterly employment (%) | 57.2 | 60.5 | -3.2 | NA | |
| Average earnings per quarter employed ($) | 2,530 | 2,584 | -54 | NA | ||
| Ever received cash assistance (%) | 99.3 | 99.3 | -0.1 | 0.789 | ||
| Number of months on cash assistance | 11 | 11 | 0 *** | 0.006 | ||
| Amount of cash assistance received ($) | 5,806 | 6,100 | -293 *** | 0.001 | ||
| Ever received food stamps (%) | 99.0 | 98.8 | 0.2 | 0.698 | ||
| Number of months of food stamp receipt | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0.253 | ||
| Amount of food stamps received ($) | 3,301 | 3,334 | -34 | 0.395 | ||
| Total measured incomea b ($) | 10,396 | 10,658 | -262 a | NA | ||
| Year 2 | Ever employed (%) | 27.1 | 22.0 | 5.1 *** | 0.002 | |
| Average quarterly employment (%) | 18.3 | 14.3 | 4.0 *** | 0.001 | ||
| Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) | 9.8 | 7.9 | 1.9 * | 0.092 | ||
| Earningsa ($) | 2,206 | 1,815 | 391 a | NA | ||
| For those employed in Year 2: | Average quarterly employment (%) | 67.5 | 65.0 | 2.5 | NA | |
| Average earnings per quarter employed ($) | 3,013 | 3,170 | -156 | NA | ||
| Ever received cash assistance (%) | 88.0 | 90.7 | -2.7 ** | 0.029 | ||
| Number of months on cash assistance | 10 | 10 | 0 *** | 0.008 | ||
| Amount of cash assistance received ($) | 4,925 | 5,450 | -525 *** | 0.000 | ||
| Ever received food stamps (%) | 93.5 | 94.3 | -0.8 | 0.381 | ||
| Number of months of food stamp receipt | 10 | 11 | 0 * | 0.071 | ||
| Amount of food stamps received ($) | 2,956 | 3,052 | -96 * | 0.072 | ||
| Total measured incomea b ($) | 10,058 | 10,358 | -300 a | NA | ||
| Sample size (total = 2,648) | 1,553 | 1,095 | ||||
| SOURCES: MDRC calculations from unemployment insurance (UI) wage records from the State of New York and public assistance from New York City. NOTES: See Appendix E. aThis difference is not tested for statistical significance because the UI earnings data were provided as group averages and the number of groups was too small to provide for a fair test. bThis measure represents the sum of UI-covered earnings, cash assistance, and food stamps. |
| Outcome | PRIDE Group | Control Group | Difference (Impact) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever employed (%) | Quarter 1 | 8.0 | 6.5 | 1.4 | 0.131 |
| Quarter 2 | 10.4 | 9.6 | 0.8 | 0.450 | |
| Quarter 3 | 11.9 | 10.4 | 1.5 | 0.210 | |
| Quarter 4 | 14.5 | 11.2 | 3.3 ** | 0.010 | |
| Quarter 5 | 15.7 | 13.9 | 1.8 | 0.187 | |
| Quarter 6 | 16.8 | 13.4 | 3.4 ** | 0.013 | |
| Quarter 7 | 18.4 | 14.1 | 4.3 *** | 0.003 | |
| Quarter 8 | 18.4 | 13.7 | 4.7 *** | 0.001 | |
| Quarter 9 | 19.6 | 16.1 | 3.5 ** | 0.018 | |
| Total earningsa ($) | Quarter 1 | 128 | 98 | 30.5 | NA |
| Quarter 2 | 230 | 165 | 64.7 | NA | |
| Quarter 3 | 291 | 262 | 29.2 | NA | |
| Quarter 4 | 365 | 328 | 36.6 | NA | |
| Quarter 5 | 444 | 412 | 32.3 | NA | |
| Quarter 6 | 518 | 397 | 121.3 | NA | |
| Quarter 7 | 545 | 454 | 90.7 | NA | |
| Quarter 8 | 548 | 467 | 81.4 | NA | |
| Quarter 9 | 595 | 497 | 97.9 | NA | |
| Sample size (total = 2,648) | 1,553 | 1,095 | |||
| SOURCE: MDRC calculations from unemployment insurance (UI) wage records from the state of New York. NOTES: See Appendix E. aThe difference (impact) is not tested for statistical significance because the UI earnings data were provided as group averages and the number of groups was too small to provide for a fair test. |
| Outcome | PRIDE Group | Control Group | Difference (Impact) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever employed in Year 1 (%) | 29.8 | 22.6 | 7.2 ** | 0.020 | |
| Average months employed in Year 1 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.4 * | 0.098 | |
| Total months employed in Year 1 (%) | Less than 4 | 11.7 | 8.0 | 3.7 * | 0.092 |
| 4 to 7 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 0.1 | 0.964 | |
| 8 to 10 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 0.177 | |
| More than 10 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 1.5 | 0.367 | |
| Worked during Months 1 to 3 and worked for: (%) | Fewer than 6 consecutive months | 4.9 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 0.997 |
| 6 or more consecutive months | 9.4 | 8.0 | 1.5 | 0.474 | |
| Number of jobs in Year 1 (%) | 0 | 70.2 | 77.4 | -7.2 ** | 0.020 |
| 1 | 25.4 | 18.9 | 6.5 ** | 0.029 | |
| 2 or 3 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 0.505 | |
| 4 or more | 0.0 | 0.3 | -0.2 | 0.392 | |
| Ever worked for 1 employer for 6 months or more (%) | 12.8 | 9.6 | 3.2 | 0.160 | |
| Sample size (total = 759) | 380 | 379 | |||
| SOURCE: MDRC calculations from responses to the ERA 12-Month Survey. NOTES: See Appendix F. |
| Outcome | PRIDE Group | Control Group | Difference (Impact) | P-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Advancement and wage growth | Employed in first 6 months and at interview (%) | 9.4 | 7.5 | 1.9 | 0.338 | ||
| Among those employed in first 6 months and at interview: | Weekly earnings (%): | Increased | 3.9 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 0.775 | |
| By less than 20 percent | 0.5 | 1.3 | -0.8 | 0.248 | |||
| By 20 percent or more | 3.4 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.316 | |||
| Decreased | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.353 | |||
| Stayed the same | 4.3 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 0.535 | |||
| Average weekly earnings at interview ($) | 291 | 258 | 33 | NA | |||
| Hours worked (%): | Increased | 2.3 | 2.4 | -0.1 | 0.950 | ||
| By less than 20 percent | 0.2 | 0.6 | -0.3 | 0.495 | |||
| By 20 percent or more | 2.1 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 0.810 | |||
| Decreased | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.955 | |||
| Stayed the same | 5.6 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 0.206 | |||
| Average hours worked at interview | 40.4 | 29.1 | 11.3 | NA | |||
| Hourly pay (%): | Increased | 4.4 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 0.548 | ||
| By less than 20 percent | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.762 | |||
| By 20 percent or more | 2.8 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.609 | |||
| Decreased | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.449 | |||
| Stayed the same | 4.0 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 0.677 | |||
| Average hourly pay at interview ($) | 7 | 9 | -2 | NA | |||
| Sample size (total = 759) | 380 | 379 | |||||
| SOURCE: MDRC calculations from responses to the ERA 12-Month Survey. NOTES: See Appendix F. |
| Outcome (%) | PRIDE Group | Control Group | Difference (Impact) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Employed, not receiving cash assistancea | Quarter of random assignment | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 *** | 0.000 |
| Q2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.648 | |
| Q3 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.190 | |
| Q4 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 1.4 ** | 0.021 | |
| Q5 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 1.6 ** | 0.034 | |
| Q6 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 0.516 | |
| Q7 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 1.8 * | 0.058 | |
| Q8 | 7.3 | 5.9 | 1.5 | 0.133 | |
| Q9 | 8.7 | 6.1 | 2.6 ** | 0.013 | |
| Employed, receiving cash assistance | Quarter of random assignment | 8.0 | 6.5 | 1.4 | 0.131 |
| Q2 | 10.2 | 9.3 | 0.9 | 0.401 | |
| Q3 | 10.1 | 9.3 | 0.9 | 0.448 | |
| Q4 | 11.4 | 9.6 | 1.8 | 0.119 | |
| Q5 | 11.1 | 11.0 | 0.2 | 0.876 | |
| Q6 | 11.8 | 9.0 | 2.9 ** | 0.017 | |
| Q7 | 11.8 | 9.2 | 2.6 ** | 0.035 | |
| Q8 | 11.0 | 7.8 | 3.2 *** | 0.005 | |
| Q9 | 10.9 | 10.0 | 0.9 | 0.436 | |
| Not employed, receiving cash assistance | Quarter of random assignment | 91.9 | 93.5 | -1.6 * | 0.099 |
| Q2 | 88.8 | 89.7 | -0.9 | 0.439 | |
| Q3 | 85.2 | 86.6 | -1.5 | 0.276 | |
| Q4 | 79.8 | 84.6 | -4.8 *** | 0.001 | |
| Q5 | 77.2 | 80.6 | -3.5 ** | 0.029 | |
| Q6 | 74.2 | 79.2 | -4.9 *** | 0.003 | |
| Q7 | 71.0 | 76.6 | -5.6 *** | 0.001 | |
| Q8 | 69.3 | 76.2 | -6.9 *** | 0.000 | |
| Q9 | 67.2 | 72.1 | -5.0 *** | 0.006 | |
| Not employed, not receiving cash assistance | Quarter of random assignment | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.204 |
| Q2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.892 | |
| Q3 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.948 | |
| Q4 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 1.6 * | 0.070 | |
| Q5 | 7.1 | 5.5 | 1.6 * | 0.091 | |
| Q6 | 9.0 | 7.5 | 1.5 | 0.165 | |
| Q7 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 1.3 | 0.279 | |
| Q8 | 12.4 | 10.2 | 2.2 * | 0.082 | |
| Q9 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 1.5 | 0.268 | |
| Sample size (total =2,648 ) | 1,553 | 1,095 | |||
| SOURCES: MDRC calculations from unemployment insurance (UI) wage records from the State of New York and public assistance records from New York City. NOTES: See Appendix E. a This table includes only employment in jobs covered by New York unemployment insurance (UI) programs. It does not include employment outside New York or in jobs not covered by unemployment insurance (for example, "off the books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs). |
| Outcome (%) | PRIDE Group | Control Group | Difference (Impact) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever received cash assistance (%) | Quarter of random assignment | 99.9 | 100.0 | -0.1 | 0.204 |
| Q2 | 99.1 | 99.0 | 0.0 | 0.916 | |
| Q3 | 95.3 | 95.9 | -0.6 | 0.470 | |
| Q4 | 91.2 | 94.2 | -3.0 *** | 0.004 | |
| Q5 | 88.3 | 91.6 | -3.3 *** | 0.006 | |
| Q6 | 86.0 | 88.1 | -2.1 | 0.119 | |
| Q7 | 82.7 | 85.7 | -3.0 ** | 0.034 | |
| Q8 | 80.3 | 84.0 | -3.7 ** | 0.015 | |
| Q9 | 78.1 | 82.1 | -4.0 *** | 0.010 | |
| Amount of cash assistance received ($) | Quarter of random assignment | 1,654 | 1,623 | 31 | 0.104 |
| Q2 | 1,578 | 1,582 | -4 | 0.834 | |
| Q3 | 1,484 | 1,547 | -63 *** | 0.009 | |
| Q4 | 1,396 | 1,506 | -110 *** | 0.000 | |
| Q5 | 1,348 | 1,464 | -116 *** | 0.000 | |
| Q6 | 1,292 | 1,417 | -124 *** | 0.000 | |
| Q7 | 1,239 | 1,380 | -141 *** | 0.000 | |
| Q8 | 1,208 | 1,343 | -134 *** | 0.000 | |
| Q9 | 1,186 | 1,311 | -125 *** | 0.000 | |
| Sample size (total = 2,648) | 1,553 | 1,095 | |||
| SOURCE: MDRC calculations from public assistance records from New York City. NOTES: See Appendix E. |
| Outcome | PRIDE Group | Control Group | Difference (Impact) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever received food stamps (%) | Quarter of random assignment | 98.6 | 99.0 | -0.4 | 0.319 |
| Q2 | 98.3 | 98.4 | -0.1 | 0.795 | |
| Q3 | 96.8 | 96.7 | 0.0 | 0.976 | |
| Q4 | 95.0 | 96.0 | -1.0 | 0.199 | |
| Q5 | 93.5 | 94.0 | -0.6 | 0.534 | |
| Q6 | 91.7 | 92.7 | -1.0 | 0.336 | |
| Q7 | 90.1 | 91.6 | -1.5 | 0.173 | |
| Q8 | 88.7 | 90.6 | -1.9 | 0.113 | |
| Q9 | 87.1 | 88.8 | -1.7 | 0.181 | |
| Amount of food stamps received ($) | Quarter of random assignment | 855 | 854 | 1 | 0.955 |
| Q2 | 848 | 842 | 5 | 0.564 | |
| Q3 | 829 | 839 | -10 | 0.364 | |
| Q4 | 822 | 832 | -10 | 0.415 | |
| Q5 | 802 | 821 | -19 | 0.153 | |
| Q6 | 777 | 797 | -20 | 0.150 | |
| Q7 | 740 | 766 | -26 * | 0.067 | |
| Q8 | 720 | 745 | -25 * | 0.092 | |
| Q9 | 719 | 744 | -25 | 0.105 | |
| Sample size (total = 2,648) | 1,553 | 1,095 | |||
| SOURCE: MDRC calculations from food stamp records from New York City. NOTES: See Appendix E. |
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