Employment Retention and Advancement Project (ERA)

Appendix C: Impacts on Other Outcomes

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table C.1
Impacts on Household Income and Composition for Single Parents
New York City PRIDE
Outcome				PRIDE Group	Control Group	Difference (Impact)	P-Value
Household income (%)	Percentage with each income source	Own earnings		17.8	15.7	2.1	0.431
		Earnings of other members		12.0	13.0	-1.0	0.676
		Child support		14.2	16.6	-2.4	0.369
		Public assistance		91.1	96.6	-5.5***	0.002
			Cash assistance	55.0	53.6	1.3	0.717
			Food stamps	89.6	94.4	-4.8**	0.015
			SSI or disability income	21.8	19.1	2.8	0.335
	Total household income in prior month ($)			863	847	16	0.742
	Percentage of household income that is respondent's			81.2	79.7	1.5	0.529
Household composition	Number in household			3.8	3.8	0.1	0.512
	Ever married (%)			44.3	48.7	-4.4	0.196
	Living with partner (%)			6.1	8.4	-2.3	0.221
	Current marital status (%)	Married and living with spouse		8.2	9.8	-1.6	0.427
		Separated or living apart from spouse		20.8	22.9	-2.1	0.491
		Divorced		12.9	14.6	-1.7	0.490
		Widowed		2.5	1.5	1.0	0.337
Sample size (total = 759)				380	379

SOURCE: MDRC calculations from responses to the ERA 12-Month Survey.
NOTES: See Appendix F.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table C.2
Impacts on Other Outcomes for Single Parents
New York City PRIDE
Outcome			PRIDE Group	Control Group	Difference (Impact)	P-Value
Health care coverage (%)	Respondent has health care coveragea		97.2	97.2	0.0	0.990
		Publicly funded	95.4	95.7	-0.3	0.846
		Publicly funded and not on cash assistance or SSI	5.4	3.3	2.0	0.174
		Privately funded	5.1	3.9	1.3	0.407
	All dependent children have health care coverage		91.0	92.4	-1.3	0.505
	All dependent children have health care coverage, and respondent is not covered by cash assistance or SSI		8.3	7.0	1.3	0.501
	Respondent and all children have health care coverage		89.6	91.4	-1.8	0.407
	Respondent and all children have health care coverage, and respondent is not covered by cash assistance or SSI		5.9	4.2	1.7	0.291
Child care (%)	Ever used any child care in Year 1		28.8	21.2	7.6 **	0.010
	Used any informal child care		7.8	3.3	4.5 ***	0.007
	Child care expenses		17.9	13.7	4.1	0.107
		Paid entirely by respondent	2.9	1.3	1.6	0.131
		Paid partly by respondent	3.6	3.5	0.1	0.938
		Not paid by respondent	11.4	8.9	2.4	0.258
	Child care was a barrier to school, job training, or work		6.9	5.2	1.7	0.332
		Quit job, school, or training because of child care problems	6.1	4.7	1.5	0.365
		Missed work because of child care problems	0.8	1.1	-0.3	0.672
Transportation	Owns car, van, or truck (%)		11.7	8.3	3.3	0.120
	Commuting time (minutes)		44.7	42.1	2.6	NA
	Transportation costs per week ($)		26	20	6	NA
	Method of transportation to work (%)	Car	1.4	0.7	0.7	0.386
		Bus or other mass transportation	22.2	16.1	6.1 **	0.028
		Gets a ride	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.603
		Walks	3.5	4.2	-0.7	0.636
Sample size (total = 759)			380	379

SOURCE: MDRC calculations from responses to the ERA 12-Month Survey.
NOTES:See Appendix F.
aMeasures of health care coverage combine data from the survey's sections on employment, health care coverage, and income and from administrative records on public assistance receipt. A respondent could be receiving both public and private health care coverage.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table C.3
Impacts on Health for Single Parents
New York City PRIDE
Outcome		PRIDE Group	Control Group	Difference (Impact)	P-Value
Average Body Mass Indexa		30.6	30.1	0.5	0.383
	Underweight (%)	1.5	1.1	0.4	0.623
	Normal weight	24.5	21.6	2.9	0.350
	Overweight	25.5	30.7	-5.2	0.112
	Obese	45.2	44.6	0.6	0.873
	Missing BMI	3.3	2.0	1.3	0.256
Self-rated health (%)	Excellent	2.8	2.5	0.3	0.834
	Very good	4.5	5.5	-1.0	0.520
	Good	22.0	18.6	3.5	0.236
	Fair	42.6	47.8	-5.3	0.146
	Poor	27.4	25.1	2.3	0.461
Physical Functioning Scaleb		4.4	4.5	-0.1	0.548
Role Physical Scalec		3.3	3.4	0.0	0.749
Experience bodily pain (%)	Not at all	13.5	14.7	-1.3	0.608
	A little bit, or moderately	37.3	38.4	-1.1	0.754
	Quite a bit, or extremely	49.0	46.1	2.9	0.421
Psychological Distress Scale (K6)d		11.7	11.8	-0.1	0.783
Experienced serious psychological distress in the past monthe (%)		32.8	36.5	-3.7	0.274
Sample size (total = 759)		380	379

SOURCE: MDRC calculations from responses to the ERA 12-Month Survey.
NOTES: See Appendix F.
aNational Institutes of Health weight categories.
bThis score is the sum of two items related to how health limits work or daily activities. The range of this score is 2 to 6 (where 2 = “No, you are not limited at all,” and 6 = “Yes, you are limited a lot”).
cThis score is the sum of two items related to how pain interferes with work. The range of this score is 2 to 4 (where 2 is the most favorable score and 4 is the least favorable score).
dBased on the K6 scale that includes six questions about how often a respondent experienced symptoms of psychological distress during the past 30 days. The response codes (0-4) of the six items for each person are summed to yield a scale with a 0-24 range. A value of 13 or more for this scale is used here to define serious psychological distress. (Web site: http://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncsk6_scales.php.)
eAn individual is identified as having a severe mental illness if she scores 13 or higher on the K6 scale.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table C.4
Impacts on Receipt of Mental Health, Domestic Violence, and Substance Abuse Services
New York City PRIDE
Outcome (%)		PRIDE Group	Control Group	Difference (Impact)	P-Value
Received mental health services		37.0	32.6	4.4	0.207
	Respondent	27.6	23.3	4.4	0.172
	Family member	18.7	16.1	2.7	0.337
Received domestic violence services		10.3	7.9	2.4	0.251
	Respondent	8.8	6.8	2.0	0.301
	Family member	3.4	3.2	0.2	0.896
Received substance abuse services		4.2	4.5	-0.3	0.854
	Respondent	3.2	3.1	0.1	0.969
	Family member	1.3	1.6	-0.3	0.696
Sample size (total = 759)		380	379

SOURCE: MDRC calculations from responses to the ERA 12-Month Survey.
NOTES: See Appendix F.

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