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Appendix D: Supplementary Impact Tables

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project

Appendix Table D.1

Quarters 2-7, Impacts on UI-Covered Employment

Minnesota
Outcome (%) Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program Difference (Impact) P-Value
Ever employed Quarter of random assignment 32.3 30.9 1.4 0.466
Q2 36.0 31.8 4.2 ** 0.047
Q3 40.8 37.6 3.1 0.161
Q4 41.7 40.8 0.9 0.706
Q5 43.3 41.7 1.5 0.509
Q6 42.8 42.5 0.3 0.892
Q7 45.2 43.4 1.8 0.443
Earned $2,500 or more Quarter of random assignment 7.0 6.6 0.4 0.706
Q2 13.2 11.0 2.2 0.151
Q3 15.9 16.0 0.0 0.983
Q4 17.7 17.7 0.0 0.992
Q5 18.7 19.6 -1.0 0.603
Q6 20.9 22.2 -1.3 0.507
Q7 23.1 23.2 -0.1 0.963
Earned between $500 and $2,499 Quarter of random assignment 15.1 13.0 2.1 0.206
Q2 13.5 13.8 -0.3 0.852
Q3 16.5 15.4 1.0 0.558
Q4 16.5 14.8 1.7 0.329
Q5 17.6 14.5 3.1 * 0.081
Q6 15.5 15.2 0.3 0.862
Q7 14.7 15.0 -0.3 0.876
Earned between $1 and $499 Quarter of random assignment 10.2 11.3 -1.1 0.479
Q2 9.3 7.0 2.3 * 0.077
Q3 8.3 6.2 2.1 * 0.093
Q4 7.5 8.4 -0.9 0.508
Q5 7.0 7.6 -0.6 0.634
Q6 6.4 5.2 1.3 0.257
Q7 7.4 5.3 2.1 * 0.073
Sample size (total = 1,692) 845 847    
SOURCES: MDRC calculations from UI administrative records from the State of Minnesota.

NOTES: See Appendix B.

This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the Minnesota unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside Minnesota or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project

Appendix Table D.2

Quarters 2-7, Impacts on UI-Covered Quarterly Employment and Welfare Status

Minnesota
Outcome (%) Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program Difference (Impact) P-Value
Employed, not receiving TANF Quarter of random assignment 2.4 2.3 0.1 0.912
Q2 6.5 5.5 1.0 0.356
Q3 10.3 10.8 -0.5 0.731
Q4 14.5 16.6 -2.2 0.206
Q5 16.0 17.6 -1.6 0.362
Q6 19.9 22.3 -2.4 0.219
Q7 22.7 24.8 -2.1 0.297
Employed, receiving TANF Quarter of random assignment 29.9 28.6 1.4 0.495
Q2 29.5 26.3 3.2 0.125
Q3 30.4 26.8 3.6 * 0.090
Q4 27.2 24.2 3.0 0.142
Q5 27.3 24.1 3.2 0.128
Q6 22.9 20.2 2.7 0.171
Q7 22.5 18.6 3.9 ** 0.046
Not employed, receiving TANF Quarter of random assignment 65.7 67.2 -1.4 0.477
Q2 59.5 63.9 -4.4 ** 0.046
Q3 52.8 54.3 -1.6 0.505
Q4 47.7 48.0 -0.3 0.910
Q5 42.9 45.3 -2.4 0.299
Q6 40.6 39.9 0.7 0.756
Q7 36.1 35.6 0.5 0.837
Not employed, not receiving TANF Quarter of random assignment 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.987
Q2 4.5 4.4 0.2 0.864
Q3 6.5 8.1 -1.6 0.204
Q4 10.6 11.2 -0.6 0.693
Q5 13.9 13.0 0.9 0.577
Q6 16.6 17.7 -1.0 0.564
Q7 18.8 21.0 -2.2 0.239
Sample size (total = 1,692) 845 847    
SOURCES: MDRC calculations from UI administrative records from the State of Minnesota.

NOTES: See Appendix B.

This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the Minnesota unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside Minnesota or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project

Appendix Table D.3

Impacts on Quarterly UI-Covered Employment and Earnings for the Late Cohort and Early Cohort

Minnesota
Outcome Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program Difference (Impact) P-Value P-Value for Subgroup Differences
Late cohort a Ever employed (%) Quarter of random assignment 32.4 34.7 -2.3 0.369 0.020
Q2 33.5 30.2 3.3 0.218 0.603
Q3 38.3 36.8 1.6 0.573 0.334
Q4 40.8 41.6 -0.8 0.794 0.333
Q5 43.0 43.2 -0.2 0.955 0.347
Q6 42.9 44.7 -1.8 0.537 0.239
Q7 47.4 46.8 0.6 0.836 0.464
Total earnings ($) Quarter of random assignment 518 517 1 0.986 0.389
Q2 729 685 44 0.621 0.426
Q3 939 970 -31 0.771 0.410
Q4 1,081 1,036 45 0.692 0.776
Q5 1,129 1,208 -78 0.513 0.602
Q6 1,207 1,267 -60 0.606 0.866
Q7 1,328 1,410 -82 0.511 0.948
Sample size (total = 1,044) 520 524      
Early cohort b Ever employed (%) Quarter of random assignment 32.1 25.0 7.2 ** 0.025  
Q2 40.0 34.4 5.7 0.107  
Q3 44.9 38.8 6.1 * 0.098  
Q4 43.2 39.5 3.8 0.313  
Q5 43.7 39.4 4.3 0.253  
Q6 42.6 38.9 3.7 0.316  
Q7 41.7 37.6 4.1 0.265  
Q8 39.1 41.8 -2.7 0.473  
Q9 40.6 40.3 0.3 0.929  
Q10 42.2 42.4 -0.1 0.972  
Total earnings ($) Quarter of random assignment 471 383 88 0.265  
Q2 857 699 158 0.159  
Q3 1,096 983 114 0.412  
Q4 1,165 1,068 96 0.512  
Q5 1,149 1,126 23 0.880  
Q6 1,170 1,262 -91 0.569  
Q7 1,180 1,273 -93 0.568  
Q8 1,165 1,204 -40 0.795  
Q9 1,202 1,242 -40 0.804  
Q10 1,424 1,258 166 0.317  
Sample size (total = 648) 325 323      
SOURCES: MDRC calculations from UI, TANF, and food stamp administrative records from the State of Minnesota.

NOTES: See Appendix B.

This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the Minnesota unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside Minnesota or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

a Late-cohort sample members were randomly assigned from October 2002 through April 2003.

b Early-cohort sample members were randomly assigned from January through September 2002.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project

Appendix Table D.4

Quarters 2-7, Impacts on TANF Receipt and Payments

Minnesota
Outcome Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program Difference (Impact) P-Value
Ever received TANF (%) Quarter of random assignment 95.7 95.7 -0.1 0.940
Q2 89.0 90.2 -1.2 0.404
Q3 83.2 81.1 2.1 0.251
Q4 75.0 72.2 2.8 0.186
Q5 70.2 69.4 0.7 0.740
Q6 63.5 60.1 3.4 0.138
Q7 58.6 54.2 4.3 * 0.067
Amount of TANF received ($) Quarter of random assignment 1,285 1,276 9 0.545
Q2 1,148 1,153 -5 0.844
Q3 1,029 1,010 20 0.500
Q4 894 865 29 0.344
Q5 780 749 31 0.313
Q6 697 637 60 * 0.054
Q7 613 577 36 0.245
Sample size (total = 1,692) 845 847    
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from TANF administrative records from the State of Minnesota.

NOTES: See Appendix B.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project

Appendix Table D.5

Quarters 2-7, Impacts on Food Stamp Receipt and Payments

Minnesota
Outcome Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program Difference (Impact) P-Value
Ever received food stamps(%) Quarter of random assignment 98.3 98.7 -0.4 0.519
Q2 94.5 94.5 0.0 0.998
Q3 91.2 88.7 2.5 * 0.085
Q4 85.7 84.3 1.4 0.416
Q5 83.6 81.8 1.8 0.322
Q6 81.9 77.7 4.2 ** 0.029
Q7 80.3 74.7 5.6 *** 0.005
Amount of food stamps received ($) Quarter of random assignment 896 902 -5 0.567
Q2 841 854 -14 0.324
Q3 802 798 4 0.801
Q4 756 745 11 0.563
Q5 733 716 17 0.395
Q6 711 685 26 0.217
Q7 694 667 27 0.215
Sample size (total = 1,692) 845 847    
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from food stamp administrative records from the State of Minnesota.

NOTES: See Appendix B.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project

Appendix Table D.6

Impacts of Mental Health, Domestic Violence, and Substance Abuse Services

Minnesota
Outcome Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program Difference (Impact) P-Value
Family received mental health services   25.4 23.5 1.9 0.613
Respondent 20.3 15.9 4.4 0.194
Other family member 11.3 10.6 0.7 0.802
Family received domestic violence services   8.0 6.3 1.7 0.456
Respondent 8.0 6.0 2.0 0.383
Other family member 1.2 1.2 0.1 0.931
Family received substance abuse services   7.9 8.4 -0.5 0.836
Respondent 7.5 6.1 1.4 0.538
Other family member 0.4 2.3 -1.9 * 0.075
Sample size (total = 503) 251 252    
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from responses to the ERA 12-Month Survey.

NOTES: See Appendix C.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project

Appendix Table D.7

Quarters 2-7 and Quarter 7, Impacts on UI-Covered Employment, Public Assistance, and Income

Minnesota
Outcome Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program Difference (Impact) P-Value
Quarters 2-7 Ever employed (%) 68.0 64.7 3.3 0.113
Total earnings ($) 6,476 6,529 -54 0.902
Ever received TANF (%) 93.4 93.1 0.3 0.793
Amount of TANF received (%) 5162 4991 171 0.222
Ever received food stamps (%) 97.5 96.8 0.7 0.383
Amount of food stamps received ($) 4,536 4,465 71 0.429
Total measured income a ($) 16,174 15,985 189 0.626
Quarter 7 Ever employed (%) 45.2 43.4 1.8 0.443
For those employed in Quarters 2-7 (%): Not employed in Quarters 2-7, last quarter 33.6 36.2 -2.6 NA
Employed in Quarters 2-7, last quarter (%) 66.4 63.8 2.6 NA
Total earnings ($) 1,271 1,358 -87 0.377
Earned $2,500 or more (%) 23.1 23.2 -0.1 0.963
Earned between $500 and $2,499 (%) 14.7 15.0 -0.3 0.876
Earned between $1 and $499 7.4 5.3 2.1 * 0.073
For those employed in Quarters 2-7: Earnings ($) 2,815 3,131 -316 NA
Ever received TANF (%) 58.6 54.2 4.3 * 0.067
Amount of TANF received ($) 613 577 36 0.245
Ever received food stamps (%) 80.3 74.7 5.6 *** 0.005
Amount of food stamps received ($) 694 667 27 0.215
Total measured income a ($) 2,578 2,603 -25 0.789
Sample size (total = 1,692) 845 847    
SOURCES: MDRC calculations from UI, TANF, and food stamp administrative records from the State of Minnesota.

NOTES: See Appendix B.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the Minnesota unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside Minnesota or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

a This measure represents the sum of unemployment insurance earnings, TANF, and food stamps.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project

Appendix Table D.8

Year 1 Impacts on UI-Covered Employment, Public Assistance, and Measured Income

Minnesota
Outcome Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program Difference (Impact) P-Value
Ever employed (%) 60.4 56.7 3.7 * 0.092
Average quarterly employment (%) 40.4 38.0 2.4 0.162
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 20.1 18.3 1.8 0.328
Earnings ($) 4,014 3,904 110 0.701
Earned over $10,000 (%) 14.1 15.2 -1.2 0.476
For those employed in Year 1: Average quarterly employment (%) 66.9 67.0 -0.1 NA
Average earnings per quarter employed ($) 2,483 2,569 -86 NA
Ever received TANF (%) 92.8 92.0 0.8 0.523
Amount of TANF received ($) 3,852 3,777 75 0.439
Ever received food stamps (%) 97.0 95.7 1.3 0.163
Amount of food stamps received ($) 3,131 3,113 19 0.752
Total measured incomea($) 10,998 10,793 204 0.420
Sample size (total = 1,692) 845 847    
SOURCES: MDRC calculations from UI, TANF, and food stamp administrative records from the State of Minnesota.

NOTES: See Appendix B.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the Minnesota unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside Minnesota or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

a This measure represents the sum of unemployment insurance earnings, TANF, and food stamps.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project

Appendix Table D.9

Quarters 2-7, Impacts on UI-Covered Employment and Earning, by Employment Status in the Quarter Before Random Assignment

Minnesota
Outcome Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program Difference (Impact) P-Value P-Value for Subgroup Differences
Recently employed a Total earnings ($) 10,046 9,456 590 0.505 0.438
Ever employed (%) 90.9 85.1 5.8 * 0.053 0.504
Average quarterly employment (%) 62.8 56.5 6.2 ** 0.047 0.140
Number of quarters employed 3.8 3.4 0.4 ** 0.047 0.140
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 28.9 23.8 5.1 0.198 0.224
Earned over $15,000 (%) 23.4 24.5 -1.1 0.768 0.911
Average earnings per quarter employed ($) 2,668 2,787 -119 NA  
Sample size (total = 488) 234 254      
Not recently employed Total earnings ($) 5,095 5,289 -195 0.698  
Ever employed (%) 59.1 56.0 3.1 0.248  
Average quarterly employment (%) 33.3 32.6 0.8 0.692  
Number of quarters employed 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.692  
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 10.2 10.4 -0.1 0.940  
Earned over $15,000 (%) 11.6 12.2 -0.6 0.730  
Average earnings per quarter employed ($) 2,548 2,708 -161 NA  
Sample size (total = 1,204) 611 593      
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from UI records from the State of Minnesota.

NOTES: See Appendix B.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the Minnesota unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside Minnesota or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

a "Recently employed" sample members worked in the quarter before random assignment, based on UI wage data, and sample members who were "not recently employed" did not work in that quarter.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project

Appendix Table D.10

Year 1 Impacts on Contacts with Program Staff, for Those With and Without Recent Employment

Minnesota
Outcome Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program Difference (Impact) P-Value P-Value for Subgroup Differences
Recently employed a Any contacts with case manager/employment program since random assignment b (%) 72.2 72.1 0.1 0.991 0.816
Average number of contacts with staff/case manager   25.6 19.9 5.7 0.243 0.541
In person 9.5 8.4 1.1 0.579 0.587
By telephone 16.1 11.5 4.6 0.164 0.573
Talked with staff/case manager in past 4 weeks (%) 41.0 41.0 0.0 0.995 0.590
Ever met with staff/case manager (%)   61.7 68.3 -6.6 0.361 0.364
At home 6.9 -0.3 7.2 ** 0.011 0.115
At workplace 7.5 6.7 0.9 0.834 0.569
At staff/case manager's office 59.7 65.9 -6.2 0.394 0.301
At school/training program 11.2 13.9 -2.7 0.610 0.885
At other places 4.7 3.0 1.7 0.579 0.458
Staff/case manager talked with respondent's employer (%) Never 82.5 91.3 -8.8 * 0.097 0.784
Once or twice 9.9 4.3 5.7 0.159 0.353
More than twice 2.8 3.7 -0.9 0.759 0.163
Don't know if the case manager talked with an employer 4.7 0.7 4.0 0.123 0.628
Sample size (total = 183) 87 96      
Not recently employed Any contacts with case manager/employment program since random assignment b (%) 75.3 77.2 -1.8 0.707  
Average number of contacts with staff/case manager   26.7 17.3 9.4 *** 0.009  
In person 10.1 7.6 2.5 * 0.093  
By telephone 16.6 9.7 6.9 *** 0.006  
Talked with staff/case manager in past 4 weeks (%) 42.2 37.2 5.0 0.365  
Ever met with staff/case manager (%)   66.7 65.2 1.5 0.775  
At home 3.8 1.9 1.9 0.327  
At workplace 6.1 2.6 3.5 0.140  
At staff/case manager's office 66.2 63.1 3.1 0.561  
At school/training program 12.8 16.5 -3.7 0.360  
At other places 6.7 2.1 4.6 ** 0.050  
Staff/case manager talked with respondent's employer (%) Never 86.5 93.5 -7.1 ** 0.041  
Once or twice 5.9 4.7 1.2 0.630  
More than twice 4.4 0.6 3.8 ** 0.036  
Don't know if the case manager talked with an employer 3.1 0.6 2.5 0.108  
Sample size (total = 320) 164 156      
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from responses to the ERA 12-Month Survey.

NOTES: See Appendix C.

a "Recently employed" sample members worked in the quarter before random assignment, based on UI wage data, and sample members who were "not recently employed" did not work in that quarte