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Appendix F

Supplementary Tables and Figures for Chapter 4

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.1
Impacts on Quarterly UI-Covered Employment and Earnings
Riverside PASS
Outcome PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impacts) P-Value
Ever employed with any employer (%) Quarter of random assignment 75.2 72.9 2.3 0.12
Q2 68.8 66.3 2.5 0.13
Q3 65.5 62.3 3.3 * 0.06
Q4 62.2 60.4 1.9 0.29
Q5 61.8 57.4 4.3 ** 0.02
Q6 62.6 57.7 4.9 *** 0.01
Q7 59.7 55.2 4.5 ** 0.02
Q8 58.5 53.7 4.8 ** 0.01
Q9 57.6 52.1 5.5 *** 0.00
Earnings from any employer ($) Quarter of random assignment 2,330 2,173 157 ** 0.01
Q2 2,266 2,147 119 0.12
Q3 2,274 2,050 224 *** 0.01
Q4 2,317 2,037 280 *** 0.00
Q5 2,338 2,044 294 *** 0.00
Q6 2,320 2,067 253 *** 0.01
Q7 2,306 2,057 249 ** 0.01
Q8 2,270 2,091 179 * 0.08
Q9 2,278 2,085 193 * 0.06
Ever employed with random assignment employer (%) Quarter of random assignment 75.2 72.9 2.3 0.12
Q2 54.8 53.3 1.4 0.42
Q3 40.8 40.7 0.1 0.98
Q4 34.0 32.9 1.0 0.55
Q5 29.6 28.3 1.3 0.43
Q6 25.7 24.5 1.2 0.45
Q7 23.2 21.6 1.5 0.33
Q8 20.5 18.4 2.1 0.16
Q9 19.3 17.0 2.3 0.11
Earnings at random assignment employer ($) Quarter of random assignment 2,204 2,047 157 ** 0.01
Q2 1,786 1,748 37 0.62
Q3 1,439 1,372 67 0.38
Q4 1,280 1,209 71 0.35
Q5 1,156 1,093 63 0.42
Q6 1,023 991 32 0.67
Q7 923 868 55 0.46
Q8 861 812 49 0.52
Q9 825 781 44 0.56
Ever employed at a post-random assignment employer (%) Quarter of random assignment 14.2 14.3 -0.1 0.94
Q2 24.7 24.2 0.5 0.77
Q3 32.0 28.4 3.7 ** 0.05
Q4 33.8 33.0 0.8 0.67
Q5 37.2 33.9 3.3 * 0.08
Q6 41.7 37.6 4.1 ** 0.03
Q7 40.5 37.2 3.4 * 0.08
Q8 41.2 38.3 3.0 0.12
Q9 41.6 37.6 4.0 ** 0.04
Earnings at a post-random assignment employer ($) Quarter of random assignment 126 126 0 1.00
Q2 480 398 82 * 0.09
Q3 836 678 158 ** 0.02
Q4 1,040 827 213 *** 0.01
Q5 1,184 954 230 *** 0.00
Q6 1,298 1,078 221 *** 0.01
Q7 1,384 1,194 190 ** 0.03
Q8 1,409 1,279 130 0.16
Q9 1,453 1,304 149 0.11
Additional nonexperimental quarterly measures Ever employed with both random assignment and post-random assignment employer (%) Quarter of random assignment 14.2 14.3 -0.1 NA
Q2 10.7 11.2 -0.6 NA
Q3 7.3 6.8 0.4 NA
Q4 5.6 5.6 -0.1 NA
Q5 5.0 4.8 0.2 NA
Q6 4.8 4.4 0.4 NA
Q7 4.0 3.6 0.4 NA
Q8 3.2 2.9 0.3 NA
Q9 3.2 2.5 0.7 NA
Ever employed with more than one post-random assignment employer (%) Quarter of random assignment 2.5 2.5 -0.1 NA
Q2 6.9 5.2 1.7 NA
Q3 9.1 9.9 -0.9 NA
Q4 9.3 10.0 -0.6 NA
Q5 9.3 9.7 -0.3 NA
Q6 10.0 10.9 -0.8 NA
Q7 11.4 10.6 0.8 NA
Q8 9.7 11.1 -1.4 NA
Q9 11.3 11.9 -0.7 NA
Earnings among those employed with random assignment employer ($) Quarter of random assignment 2,931 2,806 124 NA
Q2 3,260 3,278 -18 NA
Q3 3,529 3,368 161 NA
Q4 3,770 3,671 99 NA
Q5 3,905 3,863 42 NA
Q6 3,979 4,048 -69 NA
Q7 3,986 4,011 -25 NA
Q8 4,205 4,420 -215 NA
Q9 4,287 4,605 -319 NA
Earnings among those employed with post-random assignment employer ($) Quarter of random assignment 888 881 7 NA
Q2 1,947 1,649 298 NA
Q3 2,612 2,391 221 NA
Q4 3,074 2,504 570 NA
Q5 3,183 2,811 372 NA
Q6 3,115 2,866 249 NA
Q7 3,415 3,213 201 NA
Q8 3,417 3,344 73 NA
Q9 3,495 3,466 29 NA
Sample size (total = 2,770) 1,627 1,143    
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.2
Impacts on the Progression of Earnings
Riverside PASS
Outcome PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impact) P-Value
Earned $2,500 or more (%) Quarter of random assignment 46.0 42.6 3.4 ** 0.03
Q2 44.1 41.8 2.3 0.18
Q3 41.3 39.2 2.1 0.23
Q4 42.2 38.5 3.7 ** 0.03
Q5 42.6 37.3 5.3 *** 0.00
Q6 42.1 36.4 5.7 *** 0.00
Q7 40.0 36.6 3.3 * 0.06
Q8 39.0 35.9 3.2 * 0.08
Q9 39.7 35.6 4.1 ** 0.03
Earned between $500 and $2,499 (%) Quarter of random assignment 22.5 23.5 -1.0 0.55
Q2 18.1 18.6 -0.5 0.74
Q3 18.9 18.1 0.8 0.62
Q4 15.6 16.6 -1.0 0.50
Q5 14.0 14.5 -0.5 0.75
Q6 14.5 15.8 -1.3 0.35
Q7 14.8 14.0 0.7 0.60
Q8 14.5 14.1 0.4 0.79
Q9 12.9 12.4 0.5 0.69
Earned between $1 and $499 (%) Quarter of random assignment 6.7 6.9 -0.2 0.87
Q2 6.5 5.8 0.7 0.47
Q3 5.4 5.0 0.4 0.66
Q4 4.4 5.3 -0.9 0.29
Q5 5.1 5.6 -0.5 0.59
Q6 5.9 5.5 0.5 0.60
Q7 5.0 4.6 0.4 0.64
Q8 5.0 3.8 1.2 0.14
Q9 5.0 4.0 0.9 0.27
Sample size (total = 2,770) 1,627 1,143    
SOURCES: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records and TANF and food stamp administrative records from the State of California.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.3
Years 1-2, Relative Contributions of the UI-Covered Earnings Impact
Riverside PASS
Outcome and Decomposition PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impact) Change in Earnings (%) Effect Size: Percentage of Total Change in Earnings
Total earnings ($) 18,368 16,578 1,791 10.8 100.0
Effect Job-finding: Proportion ever employed 0.860 0.821 0.039 4.7 43.7
For those employed in Years 1-2 Time to first job: Number of quarters from first job to end of Year 2 7.43 7.47 -0.04 -0.5 -4.5
Employment stability: Percentage of quarters employed from quarter of first job to end of Year 2 77.7 75.8 1.89 2.5 23.1
Earnings on the job: Earnings per quarter employed ($) 3,698 3,565 133 3.7 34.5
Other         3.1
Sample size (total = 2,770) 1,627 1,143      
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.4
Years 1-2, Impacts on UI-Covered Employment and Earnings, Shown Separately for Employer at Random Assignment and for Subsequent Employers
Riverside PASS
Outcome PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impact) P-Value
Working with any employer Ever employed (%) 86.0 82.1 3.9 *** 0.00
Average quarterly employment (%) 62.1 58.1 4.0 *** 0.00
Number of quarters employed 5.0 4.6 0.3 *** 0.00
Total earnings ($) 18,368 16,578 1,791 *** 0.00
Working with random assignment employera Ever employed (%) 56.5 55.5 1.0 0.58
Average quarterly employment (%) 31.0 29.6 1.4 0.31
Number of quarters employed 2.5 2.4 0.1 0.31
Total earnings ($) 9,292 8,874 418 0.42
Working with post-random assignment employers Ever employed (%) 66.1 62.0 4.1 ** 0.03
Average quarterly employment (%) 36.6 33.8 2.8 ** 0.04
Number of quarters employed 2.9 2.7 0.2 ** 0.04
Total earnings ($) 9,083 7,712 1,371 *** 0.01
Sample size (total = 2,770) 1,627 1,143    
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).
aThe "random assignment employer" is defined as the employer during the quarter of random assignment from which the sample member received the most money.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.5
Years 1-2, Relative Contributions of the UI-Covered Earnings Impact from the Random Assignment Employer
Riverside PASS
Outcome and Decomposition PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impact) Change in Earnings (%) Effect Size: Percentage of Total Change in Earnings
Total earnings ($) 9,292 8,874 418 4.7 100.0
Effect Job-finding: Proportion ever employed 0.565 0.555 0.010 1.7 37.1
For those employed in Years 1-2 Time to first job: Number of quarters from first job to end of Year 2 7.93 7.91 0.02 0.3 6.0
Employment stability: Percentage of quarters employed from quarter of first job to end of Year 2 55.3 53.9 1.37 2.5 53.8
Earnings on the job: Earnings per quarter employed ($) 3,752 3,748 3 0.1 1.8
Other         1.3
Sample size (total = 2,770) 1,627 1,143      
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.6
Years 1-2, Relative Contributions of the UI-Covered Earnings Impact from Post-Random Assignment Employers
Riverside PASS
Outcome and Decomposition PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impact) Change in Earnings (%) Effect Size: Percentage of Total Change in Earnings
Total earnings ($) 9,083 7,712 1,371 17.8 100
Effect Job-finding: Proportion ever employed 0.661 0.620 0.041 6.6 37.3
For those employed in Years 1-2 Time to first job: Number of quarters from first job to end of Year 2 6.09 6.18 -0.08 -1.3 -7.5
Employment stability: Percentage of quarters employed from quarter of first job to end of Year 2 72.7 70.6 2.11 3.0 16.8
Earnings on the job: Earnings per quarter employed ($) 3,103 2,855 248 8.7 48.9
Other         4.5
Sample size (total = 2,770) 1,627 1,143      
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.7
Relative Contributions of Key Employment and Earnings Effects to the Two-Year Impact on Total Earnings, Shown Separately for Employer at Random Assignment and for Subsequent Employers
Riverside PASS
Effect ($) Random Assignment Employera Post-Random Assignment Employer
Job-finding 182 601
Time to first job 26 -106
Employment stability 204 209
Earnings on the job 7 611
Other 4 51
Impact on total earnings 424 1,367
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).
aFourteen percent of sample members worked for two or more employers during their quarter of random assignment. In this case, the random assignment employer is the employer who contributed the most to an individual's total earnings for this quarter.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.8
Years 1-2, Breakout of the Impact on Those Participants Who Were Ever Employed
Riverside PASS
Outcome (%) PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impact) P-Value
Ever employed 89.8 86.3 3.5 *** 0.00
Ever employed, with no quarters of unemployment since starting work   40.1 33.6 6.5 *** 0.00
Employed at one employer 13.9 11.1 2.7 ** 0.04
Employed at more than one employer 26.3 22.5 3.8 ** 0.02
Ever employed, with at least one quarter of unemployment since starting work and   49.7 52.7 -3.0 0.12
Employed again 27.1 26.4 0.7 0.69
Never employed again 22.6 26.3 -3.7 ** 0.03
Employed, but not all 9 quarters 55.3 56.8 -1.5 0.45
Employed all 9 quarters   34.5 29.6 4.9 *** 0.00
And changed employers 21.9 18.0 3.8 ** 0.01
And stayed with the same employer 12.6 11.5 1.1 0.37
Survival of first employment spell 4.9 4.6 0.4 *** 0.00
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.9
Years 1-2, Impacts on UI-Covered Employment and Earnings, by Welfare and Employment Status
Outcome PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impact) P-Value
Not receiving welfare during month of random assignment and employed in the quarter prior to random assignment Ever employed (%) 92.0 89.8 2.2 0.13
Average quarterly employment (%) 71.1 68.2 2.9 * 0.10
Number of quarters employed 5.7 5.5 0.2 * 0.10
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 70.6 68.4 2.2 0.34
Total earnings ($) 23,236 21,082 2,153 ** 0.01
Earned over $20,000 (%) 52.7 44.9 7.7 *** 0.00
Sample size (total = 1,593) 937 656    
Receiving welfare during month of random assignment or not employed in the quarter prior to random assignment Ever employed (%) 77.9 71.8 6.0 ** 0.01
Average quarterly employment (%) 50.0 44.3 5.7 *** 0.01
Number of quarters employed 4.0 3.5 0.5 *** 0.01
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 45.1 41.1 4.0 0.16
Total earnings ($) 11,910 10,294 1,616 ** 0.04
Earned over $20,000 (%) 22.9 21.4 1.5 0.53
Sample size (total = 1,177) 690 487    
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.10
Years 1-2, Impacts on UI-Covered Employment and Earnings, by Service Area
Riverside PASS
Outcome PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impact) P-Value
Living in a CBO service area Ever employed (%) 86.1 81.8 4.3 *** 0.00
Average quarterly employment (%) 61.6 56.3 5.3 *** 0.00
Number of quarters employed 4.9 4.5 0.4 *** 0.00
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 59.0 55.1 3.9 * 0.06
Total earnings ($) 18,281 15,804 2,477 *** 0.00
Earned over $20,000 (%) 40.1 33.0 7.1 *** 0.00
Sample size (total = 2,068) 1246 822    
Not living in a CBO service area Ever employed (%) 85.4 83.5 1.9 0.44
Average quarterly employment (%) 63.6 62.8 0.9 0.72
Number of quarters employed 5.1 5.0 0.1 0.72
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 61.0 62.4 -1.4 0.68
Total earnings ($) 18,267 19,067 -800 0.50
Earned over $20,000 (%) 38.3 41.6 -3.3 0.33
Sample size (total = 699) 380 319    
SOURCE: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment
insurance records.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).
Three sample members are missing information about what service area they lived in and are, therefore, excluded from this analysis.
A statistical analysis was run to assess whether the differences in impacts across the service area subgroups are statistically different. This analysis found that the impacts on the measures of total earnings and earned over $20,000 are statistically different.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.11
Years 1-2, Impacts on UI-Covered Employment and Earnings, by Service Provider
Riverside PASS
Outcome PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impact) P-Value
Center for Employment Training Ever employed (%) 86.9 81.4 5.6 * 0.08
Average quarterly employment (%) 63.8 55.7 8.1 ** 0.01
Number of quarters employed 5.1 4.5 0.6 ** 0.01
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 60.9 54.3 6.6 0.14
Total earnings ($) 18,575 15,574 3,000 ** 0.04
Earned over $20,000 (%) 40.1 30.2 9.9 ** 0.02
Sample size (total = 671) 539 132    
Volunteer Center Ever employed (%) 84.6 81.9 2.7 0.33
Average quarterly employment (%) 62.1 57.3 4.8 * 0.08
Number of quarters employed 5.0 4.6 0.4 * 0.08
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 60.2 57.9 2.3 0.53
Total earnings ($) 18,904 15,841 3,063 *** 0.01
Earned over $20,000 (%) 44.7 34.0 10.7 *** 0.00
Sample size (total = 640) 322 318    
Valley Restart Ever employed (%) 86.6 81.3 5.3 ** 0.04
Average quarterly employment (%) 58.7 55.2 3.5 0.16
Number of quarters employed 4.7 4.4 0.3 0.16
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 55.9 52.3 3.6 0.28
Total earnings ($) 17,560 15,635 1,925 * 0.09
Earned over $20,000 (%) 36.7 32.7 4.0 0.18
Sample size (total = 757) 385 372    
Riverside Community College Ever employed (%) 86.4 83.8 2.6 0.34
Average quarterly employment (%) 64.7 63.0 1.7 0.53
Number of quarters employed 5.2 5.0 0.1 0.53
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 62.6 63.5 -0.8 0.82
Total earnings ($) 18,874 19,414 -540 0.68
Earned over $20,000 (%) 39.7 42.4 -2.7 0.47
Sample size (total = 590) 295 295    
DPSS Rancho Mirage Ever employed (%) 82.3 79.4 2.9 0.76
Average quarterly employment (%) 58.8 63.0 -4.2 0.61
Number of quarters employed 4.7 5.0 -0.3 0.61
Employed 4 consecutive quarters (%) 53.7 55.7 -2.0 0.86
Total earnings ($) 16,228 14,564 1,663 0.57
Earned over $20,000 (%) 34.3 28.6 5.7 0.55
Sample size (total = 109) 85 24    
SOURCES: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records and TANF and food stamp administrative records from the State of California.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).
Three sample members are missing information about what service area they lived in and are, therefore, excluded from this analysis.

The Employment Retention and Advancement Project
Appendix Table F.12
Year 1, Combined Outcomes on UI-Covered Employment, Child Care, and Receipt of Other Supportive Services
Riverside PASS
Outcome PASS Group Control Group Difference (Impacts) P-Value
Employment and/or child care (%) Employed and receiving child care 26.8 23.3 3.6 ** 0.03
Employed and not receiving child care 53.3 53.9 -0.5 0.77
Not employed and receiving child care 1.4 2.1 -0.7 0.19
Neither employed nor receiving child care 18.5 20.8 -2.3 0.11
Employed Year 2 and receiving child care in Year 1 24.1 20.7 3.4 ** 0.03
Employment and/or child care or other supportive services (%) Employed and receiving child care or other supportive services 31.9 26.0 5.9 *** 0.00
Employed and not receiving child care or other supportive services 48.3 51.2 -2.9 0.13
Not employed and receiving child care or other supportive services 1.8 2.0 -0.2 0.69
Neither employed nor receiving child care or other supportive services 18.1 20.9 -2.8 * 0.06
Ever received child care (%) Quarter of random assignment 31.5 31.2 0.4 0.83
Q2 21.6 20.7 0.9 0.57
Q3 14.7 13.2 1.5 0.26
Q4 11.7 10.3 1.4 0.26
Q5 9.3 8.5 0.7 0.51
Ever received a child care payment (%) 28.2 25.3 2.9 * 0.09
Ever received other supportive service payments (%) 9.7 4.1 5.6 *** 0.00
Sample size (total = 2,770) 1,627 1,143    
SOURCES: MDRC calculations from California Employment Development Department unemployment insurance records and Riverside DPSS P3 automated program tracking system records.
NOTES: See Appendix D.
This table includes only employment and earnings in jobs covered by the California unemployment insurance (UI) program. It does not include employment outside California or in jobs not covered by UI (for example, "off-the-books" jobs, some agricultural jobs, and federal government jobs).

Appendix Figure F.1: Years 1-2, Decomposition of the Earnings Impact for Earnings at Random Assignment Versus Earnings from Subsequent Employers
[D]

Appendix Figure F.2: Years 1-2, Decomposition of the Earnings Impact
[D]


 

 

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