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The Family Transition Program:
Final Report on Florida's Initial Time-Limited Welfare Program
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| Title Page | |||
| Overview | |||
| List of Tables and Figures | |||
| Preface | |||
| Acknowledgments | |||
| Executive Summary | |||
| Summary Report | |||
| 1. Introduction | |||
| I. The Family Transition Program and Its Policy Significance | |||
| A. | The Key Elements of FTP | ||
| B. | FTP's Policy Assistance | ||
| II. The FTP Evaluation | |||
| A. | Components of the Study | ||
| B. | Research Design for the Impact Analysis | ||
| C. | The Random Assignment Process | ||
| D. | The FTP Target Population | ||
| E. | Data Sources for the Evaluation | ||
| F. | Samples, Subgroups, and Time Frames | ||
| III. The Context for FTP's Implementation | |||
| A. | About Escambia County | ||
| B. | Implementation Schedule | ||
| C. | Welfare Reform and Welfare Caseload Patterns | ||
| D. | How the Context May Affect the Evaluation Results | ||
| IV. The Contents of This Report | |||
| 2. Implementation of the Family Transition Program | |||
| I. Findings in Brief | |||
| II. Brief Overview of FTP's Implementation | |||
| A. | Organizational Structure, Staffing, and Program Flow | ||
| B. | Organizational Structure, Staffing, and Program Flow | ||
| C. | The Key Stages in FTP's Implementation | ||
| III. The Key Differences Between FTP and AFDC | |||
| A. | The Message | ||
| B. | Enhanced Case Management and Services | ||
| C. | Employment-Related Services and Mandates | ||
| D. | The Time Limit | ||
| E. | Which Elements of FTP Mattered Most? | ||
| 3. Four-Year Impacts on Employment, AFDC/TANF, and Food Stamp Outcomes, from Administrative Records | |||
| I. Findings in Brief | |||
| II. Data and Analytical Issues | |||
| A. | Data Sources and Follow-Up Period for the Report Sample | ||
| B. | What Are Impacts? | ||
| C. | Behavior of the AFDC Group: The Benchmark for Measuring FTP's Impacts | ||
| III. Four-Year Impacts for the Report Sample | |||
| A. | Impacts on Combined Income from Earnings, AFDC/TANF, and Food Stamps | ||
| B. | Impacts on Employment and Earnings | ||
| C. | Impacts on AFDC/TANF Receipt and Payments | ||
| D. | Impacts on Food Stamp Receipt and Payments | ||
| E. | Impacts on Combining Employment and AFDC/TANF Receipt | ||
| F. | Longer-Term Trends in FTP Impacts | ||
| IV. Four-Year Impacts for Subgroups Defined by Characteristics Associated with Long-Term Welfare Dependency and Employment Barriers | |||
| A. | Welfare Dependency Subgroups | ||
| B. | Employment Barrier Subgroups | ||
| 4. FTP's Impact on Household Income and Material Well-Being | |||
| I. Findings in Brief | |||
| II. Household Composition, Marriage, and Childbearing | |||
| III. Income and Income Sources | |||
| A. | FTP's Impact on Respondent and Household Income | ||
| B. | Income Sources for FTP Group Households | ||
| IV. Impacts on Housing, Health Coverage, and Material Hardship | |||
| A. | Mobility and Housing | ||
| B. | Health Insurance Coverage | ||
| C. | Exposure to Hardships | ||
| V. Impacts for Subgroups Defined by Characteristics Associated with Long-Term Welfare Dependency and Employment Barriers | |||
| 5. FTP's Effects on Children, Part 1: Child Care and Father Involvement | |||
| I. Findings in Brief | |||
| II. How Might FTP Affect Children and Families? | |||
| A. | How Might FTP's Effects on Employment Affect Children and Families? | ||
| B. | How Might FTP's Effects on Public Assistance Affect Children and Families? | ||
| C. | How Might FTP's Effects on Income Affect Children and Families? | ||
| D. | How Might FTP's Parental Responsibility Mandates Affect Children? | ||
| III. Sample and Measures | |||
| IV. Economic Impacts for the Child Sample | |||
| V. Child Care | |||
| A. | Child Care for Preschool, Middle-Childhood, and Adolescent Children | ||
| B. | Child Care for Focal Children | ||
| C. | Child Care Subsidy Assistance for Children | ||
| VI. Father Involvement for Focal Children | |||
| VII. Effects on Child Care and Father Involvement for Welfare Dependency Subgroups | |||
| A. Child Care | |||
| B. Father Involvement | |||
| VIII. Summary and Conclusions | |||
| 6. FTP's Effects on Children, Part 2: Family and Child Functioning | |||
| I. Findings in Brief | |||
| II. Home Environment, Family Functioning, and Parenting Practices | |||
| A. | Home Environment for All Focal Children | ||
| B. | Family Functioning and Parenting Practices for All Focal Children | ||
| III. Children's Outcomes | |||
| A. | Academic Functioning, Social Behavior, and Health Outcomes for Focal Children | ||
| B. | School and Behavioral Outcomes for Adolescents | ||
| IV. Effects on Child and Family Outcomes for Welfare Dependency Subgroups | |||
| A. | Effects on Children's Outcomes for School-Age Children | ||
| B. | Effects on Focal Children | ||
| C. | Effects on Adolescent Behavior | ||
| D. | Effects of Child Age and Risk of Welfare Dependence | ||
| E. | Highly Disadvantaged Families | ||
| V. Summary and Conclusions | |||
| 7. Reaching the Time Limit and After | |||
| I. Findings in Brief | |||
| II. Characteristics of Families Reaching FTP's Time Limit | |||
| A. | Who Reached the Time Limit? | ||
| B. | Pre-Time-Limit Welfare Dependency | ||
| III. After the Time Limit | |||
| A. | Post-Time-Limit Earnings, Income, and Public Assistance Trends | ||
| B. | Work, Coping Strategies, and Hardships: Findings from the Post-Time-Limit Study | ||
| IV. How Did the Experiences of Families Who Reached the Time Limit Differ from Those of Other Welfare Leavers? | |||
| A. | Health | ||
| B. | Housing | ||
| C. | Food | ||
| 8. Costs and Benefits of FTP | |||
| I. Findings in Brief | |||
| II. Issues in the Cost Analysis | |||
| III. Major Components of the Cost Analysis | |||
| IV. Expenditures for Eligibility-Related Services | |||
| V. Expenditures for Enhanced Health and Social Services | |||
| VI. Expenditures for Employment-Related Services While Sample Members Received AFDC/TANF | |||
| A. | Welfare Department Expenditures | ||
| B. | Non-Welfare Agency Expenditures | ||
| VII. Expenditures for Employment-Related Services While Sample Members Did Not Receive AFDC/TANF | |||
| A. | Welfare Department Expenditures | ||
| B. | Non-Welfare Agency Expenditures | ||
| VIII. Gross Costs of FTP and AFDC/PI | |||
| IX. Net Cost of FTP | |||
| X. Analytical Approach for the Benefit-Cost Analysis | |||
| A. | Accounting Methods | ||
| B. | Analytical Perspectives | ||
| C. | Limitations of the Analysis | ||
| XI. FTP Effects for Participants | |||
| A. | Earnings and Fringe Benefits | ||
| B. | Personal Taxes | ||
| C. | Transfer Payments | ||
| XII. Net Gains and Losses by Accounting Perspective | |||
| A. | Perspective of Participants | ||
| B. | Perspective of the Government Budget and Nonparticipants | ||
| C. | Perspective of Society | ||
| XIII. FTP's Benefits and Costs: Conclusions | |||
| Appendix A Four-Year Survey Response Analysis and Creation of Dependency Subgroups | |||
| Appendix B Supplementary Tables to Chapter 3 | |||
| Appendix C Supplementary Tables to Chapter 4 | |||
| Appendix D Measures of Child and Family Functioning | |||
| Appendix E Effect Sizes for Impacts on Child and Family Functioning | |||
| Appendix F The Post-Time-Limit Follow-Up Study | |||
| References | |||
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