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Annual ORR Reports to Congress - 1998

SUMMARY OF TARGETED ASSISTANCE DISCRETIONARY GRANTS
FY 1998

TAG 10% Employment - Continuations

ORR awarded 26 grants totaling $11,212,491 to States to implement special employment services which cannot be met with formula social services or with TAG formula grants.

California	Twelve distinct projects providing employment and microenterprise development services	$2,619,760
Colorado	English language training/technical assistance	315,000
Florida	Enhanced employment services	200,000
Idaho	Language & employment for older persons, women, youth, families in remote areas	231,577
Illinois	Coalition providing electronic assembly training & placement; JVS providing job placement services	420,000
Iowa	Specialized employment services	200,000
Kentucky	Collaboration providing microenterprise development	120,000
Louisiana	Catholic Charities of New Orleans; VESL project	113,907
Maine	Collaboration providing employment and family strengthening services	100,000
Maryland	ESL for elderly refugees	131,003
Massachusetts	2 distinct projects: 1 provides a continuum of services to Cambodian families & 1 microenterprise training and loan program	853,600
Michigan	2 distinct projects: 1 providing employment services and 1 providing a range of services to refugees	398,730
Minnesota	Nursing Assistance Training	119,533
Mississippi	Employment services and a range of educational services	100,000
Missouri	Range of services to refugees in the City of St. Louis	200,000
New Jersey	Collaboration providing employment services and community education	299,122
New York	Microenterprice development project	124,688
North Carolina	Coalition providing microenterprise development	121,864
North Dakota	Collaborative effort providing job linking services	100,000
Oregon	Collaboration providing a microenterprise development program	176,247
Pennsylvania	Collaboration of MAA's providing employment and training	220,000
South Dakota	Range of services provided by Lutheran Social Services	120,000
Tennessee	Joint venture providing microenterprise development	160,934
Texas	Refugee family violence project	171,952
Washington	Employment service projects; one for youth, one for women, youth/young adults	367,425
Wisconsin	Collaboration providing an array of self-sufficiency services	3,227,149

Microenterprise Development Initiative

In FY 1998, ORR awarded seven continuation awards and eight new awards as part of a State's targeted assistance. In addition, ORR awarded one grant to provide technical assistance to ORR microenterprise grantees. The total funds awarded were $2,499,862 to develop and administer microenterprise programs and to provide technical assistance. Seven grants were awarded to continue activities that totaled $941,167. Seven awards were first year grants that totaled $1,451,695. The technical assistance grant was $107,000.

These projects are intended for recently arrived refugees on public assistance, who possess few personal assets or who lack a credit history that meets commercial lending standards They are also intended for refugees who have been in the U.S. for several years and who wish to supplement salaried income. Microenterprise projects typically include components of training and technical assistance in business skills, credit, administration of revolving loan funds, and business management seminars.

Since the program's inception in September, 1991, ORR has provided funding for 17 three-year microenterprise development projects which have achieved outcomes accumulated from the beginning of the program to September 30, 1998, as follows:

Client Businesses: Seven hundred fifty-nine (759) businesses have been developed under this program. Of these 619 were new businesses and 140 were expansions of existing businesses. Fifty-three percent of the businesses were in service industries, 24% were in retail and 10% were in manufacturing. Eighty-nine percent were still operating as of September 30, 1998.

Loan Funds: Since 1991, the ORR program provided funds for loans that totaled $2,766,318, representing 396 business loans at an average loan amount of $6,985 to refugee entrepreneurs. Of this amount, ORR provided $1,083,634 in loan capital which leveraged an additional $1,682,684 in other sources of funding. The default rate was 1.3% of the amount of money loaned and 1.8% of the number of loans.

Client Characteristics: Over 4,284 refugees have participated in the training programs of group or individual technical assistance. At the time of entry into training, 33.% had been in the U.S. less than 2 years; another 37% had been in the U.S. 2-5 years. Twenty-five percent had been in the U.S. over 5 years. About 64% were competent in English while 36% had little or no English language skills. The largest ethnic groups in the training classes were: Vietnamese (38%); Soviets (23%); Laotian (8%); Hmong (8%); Ethiopian (4%); Bosnian (3%); and Somalis (2%).

Thirty-four percent of the participants were women and 66% were men, with some clients not noted. Married clients equaled 61% and singles equaled 29%, and leaving some participants undetermined. Thirty-six percent has been business owners prior to entry into the ORR program.

Grants have been awarded as follows:

Ethiopian Community Development Council Arlington, VA	$93,595
Fresno County Economic Opportunity Commission, Fresno,CA	$157,000
Coastal Enterprises Portland, ME	$149,710
Chinatown Manpower Project New York, NY	$150,000
Jewish Family and Vocational Services of Middlesex County Edison, NJ	$120,862
New York Association for New Americans, New York, NY	$150,000
Economic and Employment Development Center Los Angeles, CA	$120,000
An additional grant was awarded for technical assistance to microenterprise grantees:
Institute for Social and Economic Development Iowa City, IA	$107,000

FY '98 New Awards

State of Wisconsin $300,000

ADVOCAP, Inc; CAP Services, Inc.; Wisconsin Dairyland Economic Opportunity Council, and Wisconsin United Coalition of Mutual Assistance Association

State of California 224,700

Fresno Economic Opportunities Commission

Sacramento Employment and Training 79,200

Agency in contract with Interfaith Service Bureau

State of Massachusetts 150,000

Jewish Vocational Service Center and Vietnamese Aid in Boston

State of Oregon 176,247

Mercy Corps International and International Refugee Center of OR

State of Kentucky 120,000

Catholic Charities of Louisville in contract with Jewish Family and Vocational Service in Louisville

State of North Carolina 121,864

Self-Help

State of Tennessee 160,934

World Relief in Nashville and Tennessee Network for Community Economic Development

Refugee Crime Victimization

For a sixth year, ORR joined the Department of Justice through an interagency agreement providing $275,000 to fund the National Crime Prevention Council for Outreach to New Americans (ONA). The project provides technical assistance through a Peer Assistance Network (P.A.N.) and serves as a coordinating body for law enforcement agencies and refugee service providers to assist and strengthen broad-based community coalitions.

NCPC published this year, Powerful Partnerships: Twenty Crime Prevention Strategies That Work or Refugees, Law Enforcement, and Communities, examining a wide range of refugee issues including civic participation, gangs, parenting, residential security, domestic violence, and cultural identity. The ONA staff organized a national conference in St. Louis, which brought together law enforcement officers, a special refugee Explorer Post, refugee community leaders, and refugee service providers from around the country.

Sites across the country report that, as a result of ONA's outreach and educational efforts, people in the refugee communities are more aware of their rights and responsibilities, of the law and legal system, and of the services available to them. Seven sites report decreased gang activity-one, a 50% decrease of all gang activity; two, the elimination of local Asian gang activity; one, the elimination of all gang activity; and the remaining sites report overall decreases in crime. All sites report increased law enforcement dialogue with adults and children, and as a result, increased trust, leading to an increase in citizen reporting of crime and suspicious behavior and an increase in the use of available services.

Other results of project efforts include:

• Improved school attendance by refugee youth-fewer youth joining gangs.

• More parents seeking assistance from service providers for out-of-control children, family violence, intergenerational conflict and other personal problems.

• Decrease in number of home invasions.

• Increased reporting of domestic violence (in one case, doubled).

• More community action, resulting from involvement of refugee community elders and mainstream college students in project activities.

• Two drug houses were closed as a result of one program's efforts.

• In one county, the Human Relations Commission reports regular complaints from the refugee community toward all police districts except one, the one which has made a consistent effort to work with the refugees.

• At one site, eight groups of youth are developing crime prevention strategies; previously, they wouldn't have talked about crime at all.

• In one city, 30% of the participants in the Citizens' Police Academy come from the refugee community. In addition, the idea has spread to four other cities, two in a different state.

• Two sites are successfully using the refugee/police partnership model with the Latino community, one of them also with the Native American and African-American communities.

English Language Training (ELT)

Technical Assistance

In FY 1998, under the Targeted Assistance Discretionary Grant Program, ORR provided a grant to the Colorado Refugee Services Program to subcontract to the Spring Institute for International Studies to continue the technical assistance and consultations to English language training (ELT) programs around the country. Technical assistance and training are provided by a network of seven partners including the Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL); the Refugee Education and Employment Program (REEP) in Virginia; the Minnesota Department of Children, Families and Learning, the Comprehensive Adult Student Assessment System (CASAS) in California; the International Institute of St. Louis, Missouri; the California Department of Social Services, Refugee Programs Branch, and the Spring Institute.

Community/Family Strengthening

FY 1998 Funds

ORR awarded 26 grants totaling $4,027,569 to public and private non-profit organizations to support projects designed to strengthen refugee families in the areas of health, youth, employment, English language training, parent-school relationships, crime, spouse and child abuse, citizenship and community activities. These grantees committed to cost-share up to 40% of the costs of these projects.

California			Alliance for African Assistance					$160,000
California			Catholic Charities of Santa Clara ; education, support and counseling for Vietnamese families					250,000
California			International Rescue Committee, San Jose; organizational development for Bosnian MAAs					250,000
California			International Rescue Committee, San Diego; coalition of organizations for classes for mothers and children					240,000
California			African Community Refugee Center, Los Angeles; counseling, information and referral on women's health					49,246
California			Jewish Federation of Greater East Bay; services for youth, seniors, and victims of domestic abuse					128,000
California			Jewish Vocation and Career Counseling Services; day care for Soviet seniors, survival skills, training for certified nurse assistants					93,433
Georgia			Leadership training for refugee women					150,000
Georgia			Refugee Women's Network, Clarkston; technical assistance to refugee women self-help service providers					240,650
Georgia			Bridging the Gap, Atlanta; liaison among refugees and law enforcement and public housing systems					249,522
Massachusetts			International Rescue Committee, Boston; newly arrived refugee youth program					149,940
Minnesota			International Institute of Minnesota; English training, parenting education, citizenship preparation for Sudanese women					88,473
Missouri			International Institute of Metro St. Louis; develop community links for refugees					80,000
New Jersey			Jewish Family and Vocational Services, one Russian and one Vietnamese Community Center					250,000
New York			St. Rita's Center, Bronx, NY					100,000
North Carolina			Catholic Social Services, Mecklenburg County; crime prevention, community education/orientation					30,000
Oregon			Ecumenical Ministries of Oregon, Portland; Russian Social Service self-help organization					221,932
Oregon			International Refugee Center, Portland; domestic violence prevention and intervention					125,000
Rhode Island			City of Providence; drop-out prevention and protective service for Southeast Asian youth					191,572
Texas	Austin/Travis County Health and Human Services; orientation to American culture, health education					25,424
Virginia			Refugee and Immigrant Services, Richmond; refugee family public school liaison in three communities					163,000
Washington			Center for Multicultural Health, Seattle; coalition including Somali self-help group, Russian social services, and Refugee Women's Alliance					200,000
Washington			Refugee and Immigrant Forum, Snohomish County; expand citizenship classes					80,000
Wisconsin			Wausau School District; parent outreach and literacy program for Southeast Asians					250,000
Wisconsin			Hmong MAA, La Crosse; address domestic violence, gang delinquency, leadership, citizenship					100,000
Wisconsin			Wausau, MAA; coordinated case management for 45 families					80,713

Mental Health: ORR - SAMHSA/CMHSA Intra-Agency Agreement

Technical Assistance for mental health activities with refugees is available to U.S. resettlement communities under an intra-agency agreement with Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Mental Health Services. Under this agreement, telephone consultation is available for communities on mental health treatment for refugee populations. Other activities conducted by the two SAMHSA professionals include: presentations at conferences, consultation to ORR on mental health issues and technical assistance in local communities.

ORR Standing Announcement

In the first quarter of FY 98, the Office of Refugee Resettlement seeking to assure that refugees are welcomed in their U.S. communities of resettlement with sufficient services to begin their new lives, revised and reissued the Standing Announcement with a special category for newly arriving Ethnic communities.

There are several categories of assistance under this announcement. They include the following: Category 1, Preferred Communities; Category 2, Unanticipated Arrivals; Category 3, Community Orientation; Category 4, Technical

Assistance to Community Orientation Grantees (canceled for competition during 1998); Category 5, Mental Health Services and a new Category 6, Ethnic Community Organizations. This announcement provides for two applications dates each year and will continue to be available as refugees are admitted to the U.S. These dates are January 31 and June 30.

Category 1: Preferred Communities

In Category 1, ORR seeks to promote opportunities for refugee self-sufficiency and effective resettlement. To that end, funds are made available for grants to voluntary agencies to increase placements of newly arriving refugees in preferred communities where there is a history of low welfare utilization and favorable earned income potential relative to the cost of living.

In 1998, ORR awarded one third-year continuation grant, two second-year continuation grants and eight new grants totaling $2,556,315 to national voluntary resettlement agencies to enhance entry level services in preferred communities with good employment opportunities needed by newly arriving refugees.

The third year continuation grant was awarded to:

• Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Services Des Moines, IA; Utica, NY; Greensboro, NC; Mechanicsburg, PA $179,481.

The two second-year continuations were awarded to:

• U.S. Catholic Conference Grand Rapids, MI; Lansing , MI; Lincoln, NE; Memphis, TN; Mobile, AL; Phoenix, AZ; Pittsburgh, PA; Richmond, VA; Rockford, IL; Amarillo, TX and Lousiville, KY $320.200.

• Immigration and Refugee Services of America Colchester, VT; Manchester, NH; Twin Falls, ID; Erie, PA; Bowling Green, KY $280,000.

Eight new grants were awarded to:

• International Rescue Committee Phoenix, AZ; Atlanta, GA $184,814.

• World Relief Corporation Atlanta, GA; Tampa, FL; Nashville, TN $244,739.

• International Rescue Committee Dallas, TX; Baltimore, MD; Charlottesville, VA; West New York, NJ $265,891

• National Council of Churches/Church World Service Indianapolis, IN; Grand Rapids, MI; New Windsor, MD; Knoxville, TN; Richmond, VA; Syracuse, NY $273,371.

• Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society Tucson, AZ; Baltimore, MD; Greensboro, NC; Richmond, VA $176,500.

• $200,000.

• Ethiopian Community Development Council Arlington, VA $129,145.

• Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service Sioux Falls, SD; Baltimore, MD; Atlanta, GA $150,000.

• Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society Concord and Franklin, NH; Fargo and Bismark, ND; Jacksonville, FL; Las Vegas, NV; Tucson, AZ; Boise, ID; Louisville, KY $352,174.

Category 2: Unanticipated Arrivals

The unanticipated arrivals program is intended to provide resources that bridge the gap between the arrival of refugees and the time when their numbers are included in the population-based formula social services funds. Situations that unanticipated arrivals funding are intended to mediate include those where bilingual staff are needed for new arrivals, where refugee services do not exist and where available services are not sufficient to meet the needs of the additional refugees.

In 1998, ORR awarded four grants totaling $484,639 to provide services for a significant and unanticipated increase in the number of arriving refugees.

• Southern Sudan Community Association of Omaha, Nebraska, $187,226, to provide ESL, orientation, job skills training, medical services, driver's license assistance, housing, and citizenship classes to Sudanese refugees who came to Omaha as secondary migrants and for family reunification.
• Lutheran Social Services of Fargo, North Dakota, $99,929, to provide case management and employment services to Somali refugees who came to Fargo as secondary migrants.
• Seattle Emergency Housing of Seattle, Washington, $141,356; to provide comprehensive services including housing, case management, orientation, employment counseling, and ESL, through six collaborating agencies, to large Somali refugee families who arrived in Seattle as secondary migrants.
• Lutheran Family Services of Greensboro, North Carolina, $56,128; to provide employment, ESL, social adjustment services, home management, health services, and interpreter services to Somali Benadir/Barawan refugees who came to Greensboro as secondary migrants.

Category 3: Community Orientation

In FY 1998, ORR funded 13 community orientation projects (3 new and 10 continuations) for a total of $1,453,010. These are:

• Kurdish Human Rights Watch, Inc. (KHRW), Fairfax, VA, $102,597; to provide cultural orientation to newly arriving Kurdish refugees and assylees at 18 sites throughout the United States, and to conduct cross-cultural training for refugees service providers. Staff from KHRW offices in Fairfax, VA and San Diego provides services.

• International Service Center, Harrisburg, PA 170,628; to provide culturally and linguistically appropriate orientation programs for newly arriving refugees and cultural awareness training for service providers; to identify and provide specialized orientation for new ethnic communities and at-risk refugees such as the elderly, homebound women and youth.

• Ethiopian Community Development Council, Inc., Arlington, VA, $105,000; to provide culturally and linguistically appropriate orientation and training to newly arrived refugees; to conduct orientation for service providers and to promote the integration of the refugees through various media and activities involving interaction between the refugees and the community at large.

The ten community orientation projects funded in FY 1987 were provided continuation grants in FY 97. These are:

• The African Community Resource Center (ACRC), Los Angeles, CA $150,000; to influence orientation and youth project for African refugee youth 12-18 years of age who are resettled in 2 sites: Los Angeles and San Diego, CA.
• Ethiopian Community Development Center (ECDC), Virginia $105,000; to conduct outreach to newly arrived refugees from Africa via a weekly radio program, monthly newsletter, cross-cultural orientation to 200 refugees, and workshops for service providers. A mentoring program will be established between arriving African refugee families and African-American families.
• USCC/Washington, DC National Office $111,963; to fund four affiliates for delivery of outreach and orientation services to newly arrived refugees, and to provide a mechanism for the new ethnic organizations to develop their own community organizations. The four affiliates are located in Atlanta, GA; Portland, ME; Baton Rouge, LA; San Diego, CA

• USCC/Washington, DC, National Office, $117,521; to fund three affiliates in Louisville, KY; Orlando, FL; and Phoenix, AZ for delivery of outreach and orientation services to newly arrived refugees.

• Fresno Pacific University, Center for Peacemaking and Conflict Studies, Fresno, CA, $150,000; to train trainers around the country to enable them to train refugee and mainstream service providers, and newly arrived refugee groups on cross-cultural understanding, cross-cultural mediation and conflict resolution.

• Immigrant and Refugee Services of America, Washington, DC, $231,268; to provide orientation training and outreach to recently arrived refugee families from Iraq and the Horn of Africa.

• Catholic Charities of Boston, Massachusetts, $20,805; to provide outreach and orientation services to Bosnians, Cubans, Somali and Iraqi families.

• Catholic Social Services, Lincoln, Nebraska, $10,559; to assist Vietnamese and Cubans in organizing community orientation training and outreach groups.

• International Rescue Committee, New York, $63,185; to fund five affiliates to provide outreach and orientation services to newly arrived refugee families. The five affiliates are located in Atlanta, GA; Boston, MA; Phoenix, AZ; Pierre, SD; and Seattle, WA

• Wausau Hmong Mutual Assistance Association, Wisconsin, $73,068; to provide outreach and orientation for new Hmong families recently arrived from the camps in Thailand, and resettled in central Wisconsin.

Category 4: Technical Assistance for Employment Services

In a continuing effort to improve employment services and to increase the capacity of employment service providers to help refugees attain employment, ORR awarded a cooperative agreement to Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Services, New York, NY for $222,441 for technical assistance and training to refugee employment service providers. Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Services, in collaboration with their subcontractor, Refugee Works, provides technical assistance and training nationwide to refugee employment service providers. Technical assistance was provided by identifying model and best practices for providing employment services to refugees; by conducting on-site analysis of employment services and providing the TA needed to improve outcomes; and by providing training in basic employment services skills to newly hired or less experienced staff, to agencies experiencing staff turnover, or to agencies which lack expertise in employment services.

Category 5: Mental Health

Newly arriving refugees arrive with anticipation of their new lives. They also have difficult adjustments with the resettlement experience. Some arrive having experienced severe trauma related to their flight. ORR provides for four types of activities under the Mental Health program: 1) training and ongoing consultation for direct service workers to increase their knowledge and skill in working with refugees experiencing distress, 2) orientation programs for refugees to U.S. mental health services, 3) orientation for mainstream mental health professionals to refugees and refugee programs, 4) clinical services to refugees of populations new to U.S. communities where there is little understood about their cultures and mental health characteristics.

Awards under the mental health program were given to:

Third year awards:

• Center for Cultural Dynamics, Denver, CO, $115,418.
• Catholic Social Services, Atlanta, GA, $150,000
• Immigration and Refugee Services of America, Minneapolis, MN, Chicago, IL, Falls Church, VA, $300,000

• International Rescue Committee, San Francisco, CA, $118,831

Second year awards:

• East Dallas Counseling Center, Inc., Dallas, TX, $93,752

• Survivors International, San Francisco, CA, $62,966
• Catholic Social Services, Mobile, AL, $27,439

• USCC/Washington, DC (national coordination activities), $30,442

• Catholic Charities, Syracuse, NY, $25,000

• Catholic Charities, Portland, ME, $29,560

• Child and Family Services of the Pioneer Valley, Springfield, MA, $117,509

• Catholic Charities, Boston, MA, $35,457

• Bethany Christian Services, Grand Rapids, MI, $150,000

• International Institute of New Jersey, Jersey City, NY, $97,473

• International Institute of Boston, Boston, MA, (New England region), $272,118

• Arab-American Chaldean Council, Lathrup Village, MI, $250,000

• Catholic Charities, San Diego, CA, $106,427

Five-year awards:

• Center for Victims of Torture, Minneapolis, MN $200,000

• Alliance for African Assistance, San Diego, CA $82,021

• United States Catholic Conference (Richmond affiliate), Richmond, VA $77,228

• International Rescue Committee (Phoenix agency), Phoenix, AZ $79,835

• Hmong American Women's Association, Fresno, CA $75,000
• Hmong National Development, Washington, DC for WI $75,000

• Asian Americans for Community Involvement, San Jose, CA $128,861

• Lutheran Family Services, Portland, OR $55,431

• United States Catholic Conference (Louisville, KY and Davenport, IA) $96,219

• Khmer Health Advocates, Hartford, CT $63,220

• Chicago Health Outreach, Chicago, IL $100,000

Category 6: Ethnic Community Organizations

ORR awarded four grants totaling $221,168 to complete work in developing networks, newsletters, leadership training, and needs assessment among ethnic organizations as follows:

• Southeast Asian Resource Action Center, DC, a national alliance of Vietnamese Services Agencies, $28,750.
• Ethiopian Community Development Center, VA, to educate the general public, develop Mutual Assistance Associations network, Alexandria, $31,250.
• Hmong National Development, Omaha, develop Hmong businesses, newsletter, technical assistance, leadership, $32,418.
• Kurdish Human Rights Watch, Vienna, VA, resettlement of new Kurd asylees, $118,750.

Other

ORR has awarded additional, unrelated grants, contracts and interagency agreement grants totaling $479,194 to support the services awards granted above.

• SEARAC, Washington, DC, Conference contract, planning and support, $358,194

• a study on Citizenship as it relates to current refugee populations, Arnold H. Leibowitz, Esq., $21,000

• Victim Services Inc, specialized services for survivors of torture who seek treatment in the greater New York City area, $100,000

Elderly Refugees

ORR developed a new elderly refugee discretionary grant program in FY 1999 that expects to bring together refugee service providers and mainstream agencies on aging to coordinate programs for older refugees. Approximately $5.7 million was awarded to 25 states to establish and/or expand working relationships with State and Area Agencies on Aging to insure that older refugees would be linked to local community mainstream aging programs. Grants were awarded to Minnesota, Massachusetts, Ohio, Montana, Arizona, Florida, Wisconsin, Colorado, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Georgia, Missouri, Tennessee, Michigan, Washington, North Carolina, New Jersey, Oregon, Illinois, California, Virginia, Nebraska, Iowa, and Texas.

In addition, ORR continued its working relationship with HHS' Administration on Aging to identify ways in which both the aging and ORR networks could work together more effectively at the State and Local community levels to improve elderly refugees access to services.

Citizenship

ORR supported citizenship programs by providing continuation funding to 20 grantees in 18 states. The $2.392 million in funding were awarded to the following states: Michigan, California, New Jersey, Texas, Illinois, Massachusetts, Arizona, Mississippi, New York, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Nebraska, Washington, Colorado, District of Columbia, Georgia, and Oregon.

The purpose of the program is to provide support for citizenship, education, and application programs for refugees who have met or are within one year of meeting the residency requirement to become citizens. Many of the programs help refugees who are hard to reach for existing citizenship programs and who have had historically low rates of naturalization because of language, cultural, or other barriers. These include preliterate refugees, elderly refugees who are non-English speakers and refugees with limited English and /or literacy skills.

This is a Historical Document.