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This brief summarizes critical workforce knowledge and competencies to effective education practices in early childhood settings.The report organized the discussion of knowledge and competencies into two distinct groups. The first is foundational knowledge, essential to work with young children, and the second is specialized knowledge and competencies needed to provide young children with high quality learning experiences. Both the foundational and specialized knowledge and competencies are drawn from existing research on child development as well as national and state expectations for teachers of young children.