National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW)

1997-2014 and 2015-2025

​​​​​The National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) is a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of children and families who have been the subjects of investigation by Child Protective Services. NSCAW examines child and family well-being outcomes in detail and seeks to relate those outcomes to experience with the child welfare system and to family characteristics, community environment, and other factors. NSCAW includes first-hand reports from children, parents, and other caregivers, as well as reports from caseworkers and teachers. 

To date, there are three cohorts of NSCAW: 

  • NSCAW I, the landmark study, was launched in 1997 and continued through 2007;  
  • NSCAW II was initiated in 2006 and completed in 2014; and  
  • NSCAW III began in 2015 and is ongoing.  

NSCAW III. Data is currently being collected baseline (wave 1) and follow-up (wave 2) in NSCAW III. The design of NSCAW III was guided by three priorities: (1) keeping NSCAW III as comparable to the two previous cohorts as possible, (2) minimizing response burden for all participants, and (3) making sure that the NSCAW III sample and instruments best reflected the composition and characteristics of children being served by the child welfare system in 2017. Additionally, a new sub-study on the child welfare workforce takes advantage of the NSCAW III sampling frame.  

Reimagining NSCAW. In the fall of 2021, the Reimagining NSCAW project started to carry out preliminary activities for future data collection performed as part of NSCAW. These activities include (a) developing potential design option(s), (b) active engagement of various experts throughout the project life course, (c) conducting preliminary data collection, and (d) disseminating findings from preliminary data collection and/or secondary analysis of data from prior cohorts of NSCAW. Reimagining NSCAW aims to complement and build from the existing portfolio of projects within the Administration for Children and Families to address research questions and priorities related the well-being of children and families involved with the child welfare system, as well as their service needs and utilization. 

The Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, in collaboration with the Children’s Bureau, provides oversight for NSCAW. The NSCAW project team is led by RTI International and partners include HR Directions (LLC), Miami Environmental and Energy Solutions (LLC), Rutgers University, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. 

Point(s) of contact: Christine Fortunato. 

Information collections related to this project have been reviewed and approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs under OMB #0970-0202. Related materials are available on at the NSCAW III Information collection page on RegInfo.gov

The most currently approved document are accessible by clicking on the ICR Ref. No. with the most recent conclusion date. To access the information collections (e.g. interviews, surveys, protocols), click on View Information Collection (IC) List. Click on View Supporting Statement and Other Documents to access other supplementary documents. 

Data from NSCAW I and NSCAW II are archived at the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect [NDACAN ]. 

Related Resources

The NSCAW consists of a series of longitudinal studies on children and families involved in the child welfare system in the United States. 

This brief summarizes the challenges and solutions that were employed to maintain the integrity of the NSCAW III design.

Read NSCAW's Services to Support Children Living in Kinship and Nonrelative Foster Care brief to explore how service needs and receipt may vary for children removed from their home and their caregivers when the experiences of voluntary and formal kinship care.

 

This is the 21st in a series of National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) briefs focused on children who have come in contact with the child welfare system. This brief looks specifically at a subgroup of youth who have been identified as disconnected youth, defined here as 16- to 24-year-olds who are not in school and not employed three years after being reported as a victim of child maltreatment.  The brief reviews characteristics of youth identified as disconnected, along...

This National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) spotlight reports that there has been a small decline in domestic violence reported by mothers of children across the two NSCAW cohorts (28.9% in NSCAW I, vs. 24.7% in NSCAW II), but no change in service access (about 15% of mothers in both cohorts received domestic violence services)...

This National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) spotlight describes the high rates of risky sexual activity and pregnancy among teenage girls in the second cohort of NSCAW (NSCAW II).  According to data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), 16.8% of girls ages 14-17, and 45.1% of girls ages 18-20, had experienced at least one pregnancy...

More than half of the children in the NSCAW II sample report four or more adverse childhood experiences.  This finding is from a brief that uses the second cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II) to examine rates of adverse childhood experiences among children who have been reported for maltreatment to the child welfare system.  It also compares this sample’s adverse experiences to those reported in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control...

According to data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), 22.3% of children in families...

The vast majority (86%) of children who have received a report of child abuse or neglect remain in their homes...

Without proper support systems in place, adolescents in the child welfare system may face challenges transitioning...

Children’s well-being depends on the capacity of their family to nurture and care for them. Caregivers facing...

The youngest children are the most vulnerable to child maltreatment. They are also the most vulnerable to the…

This brief uses data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) to examine the use of…

In substantiated cases of maltreatment, child protective services determine whether abuse or neglect can be proven,...

According to the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), children placed in out-of-home care…

This methods brief examines the daytime cortisol levels of 5- to 6-year-old children who were infants when they were...

This methods brief assesses the usability and validity of two tools to assess one executive function, inhibitory…

This research brief uses data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) to describe…

In this research brief, data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) is used to…

This research brief focuses on the 727 children who had been in foster care for 12 months at the time the study…

In this research brief, data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) are used to…

In this research brief, we examine the well-being of children in substantiated and unsubstantiated maltreatment…

This brief is the first to focus on adolescents transitioning to young adulthood, presenting findings from the…

This research brief describes the developmental risks present in a cohort of children coming into contact with…

This brief provides an introduction to the developmental tasks of infancy and describes the experiences of…

NSCAW is a national longitudinal study of 5,501 children and youths whose allegations of maltreatment were…

This research brief focuses on the 727 children who had been in foster care for 12 months at the time the study…

Beginning in 1996, the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) responded to a congressional mandate for a...

Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder with symptoms that can impair physical, social, emotional, and…

By giving care to their relatives’ children, kinship caregivers help preserve family ties and provide…

About the Measures

December 15, 2003

The study is collecting child- and family-level data from children in the child welfare system, their biological…

These presentation slides summarize the methods and findings from two OPRE studies on post adoption and guardianship instability, including the NSCAW Adoption Study and the Agency Contact Study.

The Child Well-Being Spotlights from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II) were the basis for this slide presentation.

NSCAW Publications

December 15, 2009

This is a table detailing NSCAW Publications…

Discover a report that is part of a series describing findings from the third cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW III) baseline data collection.

This report introduces the first Child Welfare Workforce study, which was carried out as part of the third cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW III). 

This report introduces the third cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW III).

Explore the Crosswalk of Constructs and Measures, a report highlighting the characteristics, constructs, and measures across all three cohorts of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW).

The NSCAW Adoption Study examines the extent to which children who exit foster care to adoption experience instability, the risk and protective factors for several types of formal (e.g., foster care reentry) and informal (e.g., child runs away or experiences homelessness) instability, and services and supports received by families who have adopted children who exited foster care.

The data analyzed for this spotlight is from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, Second Cohort (NSCAW II), a nationally representative sample of children involved with the child welfare system (CWS). It allows for the identification of children with developmental delays and compromised cognitive or academic functioning.

The National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) is a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of children who were the subjects of child maltreatment investigation.  At Wave 3, 36 months after the maltreatment report that brought them into the study, the children were 2-20 years old.  These Wave 3 tables provide descriptive information about the children’s characteristics and functioning, their service needs and service utilization, and their...

After children spend 12 to 18 continuous months in foster care, their chances of leaving foster care decrease rapidly, and once children spend 36 to 42 continuous months in foster care, their chances of leaving foster care are extremely low. These were findings from the analysis of several years of data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) to examine the risk of remaining in long-term foster care.  The research brief focuses on the following questions...

Within 18 months after the close of a Child Protective Services investigation, 22.3% of a nationally representative sample were placed out of home, according to this report, which summarizes permanency outcomes for children at Wave 2 of NSCAW II.  NSCAW II is a longitudinal study intended to answer a range of fundamental questions about the functioning, service needs, and service use of children who come in contact with the child welfare system. The study examines the well-being of...

About one fifth of children are reported for maltreatment again within 18 months of an investigation by child...

About half of children and families received child welfare services during 18 months following a child protective...

The second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II) is a longitudinal study intended to answer a...

The second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II) is a longitudinal study intended to answer a...

The second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II) is a longitudinal study intended to…

This report focuses on data collected from local agencies participating in NSCAW II…

The purpose of this NSCAW II Baseline Report is to describe services in the areas of health, behavioral health,…

The purpose of this sixth NSCAW II Baseline Brief Report is to describe child and family contact with investigative…

This study examines the well-being of children involved with child welfare agencies, the ability of those agencies to…

The purpose of this third NSCAW II Baseline Report is to describe the characteristics of the index maltreatment report…

The purpose of this second NSCAW II Baseline Report is to describe the well-being of children during the first wave of…

This report is the first in a series of reports describing findings from the NSCAW II baseline data…

This report is the third in a series presenting findings from the NSCAW Wave 5 follow-up…

This report provides information about the characteristics of children and families who came into contact with…

This is the first report to focus on adolescents transitioning to young adulthood, presenting findings from the NSCAW…

This is a table detailing the Overview of NSCAW Services Caseworker Instrument…

This is a table detailing the Overview of NSCAW Investigative Caseworker Instrument Module…

This is a table detailing the Overview of NSCAW Teacher Survey Instrument…

This is a table detailing the Overview of NSCAW Current Caregiver Instrument Module…

This is a table detailing the Overview of NSCAW Child Instrument…

This is a table detailing the Child, Family, and Caseworker Constructs, Their Rationale and the Source in NSCAW…

This report focuses on a subset of over 700 children who have been in foster care for one year…

This report focuses on a subset of over 700 children who have been in foster care for one year…

The first national longitudinal study of its kind, NSCAW is examining the characteristics, needs, experiences,…

This report provides a cross-sectional national overview of child welfare services as reported by 46 state…