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This literature review attempts to identify lessons that ACF and its grantees may be able to apply to evaluations of community-change work from both the conceptual literature on measuring community-level change as well as from the empirical approach specific community-level initiatives have taken to evaluating their efforts. To draw out these lessons, this review begins by providing an overview of the methodological challenges community-level initiatives pose for assessing causal impacts. It then highlights some key lessons gleaned from recent evaluations of community-level change efforts.